32970 research outputs found
Sort by
Development of Multi-functional Nanoparticles for Clinical Application to Gene and Nucleic Acid Medicines
Get PDFGene and nucleic medicines have recently gained attention as novel drugs with the advancement of molecular biology and genetics; however, they have low bioavailability and low target delivery due to their low stability and poor membrane permeability. Therefore, the development of an effective drug delivery system (DDS) is necessary for the practical use of gene and nucleic acid medicines;however, despite considerable research, both safety and efficiency remain poor. Furthermore, the healthcare needs are not met by traditional DDS. Therefore, we developed an effective multi-functional DDS, which is constructed using materials that are safe for human consumption. This DDS involves several ternary complexes as novel gene delivery carriers constructed by coating the cationic complex of the gene and nucleic acid medicines as well as the biodegradable cationic polymer with a biocompatible anionic polymer.Early implementation of the ternary complex in clinical studies is expected due to their efficacy and safety. Furthermore, these complexes may be prepared using large-scale manufacturing. In addition, personalized DDS may be prepared according to the patient's disease stage, which is useful for advanced therapy
Differences between sexes in factors influencing awareness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
No full textObjectives: In Japan, large-scale natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and floods
frequently occur, often having devastating effects on people's lives. For this reason, it is imperative that people be prepared for disasters at an individual, family and community level in Japan. This study aims to evaluate factors associated to individual disaster preparedness among nursing university students in Japan. Methods: An anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing university students in July, 2017 in Japan. The questionnaire was prepared based on questions used in previous studies by the Cabinet Office, which included perception of natural disasters and actual behaviors related to disaster preparedness. Results: The questionnaire was distributed to 215 nursing university students, and 170 were analyzed in this study. Although 91.4% of respondents showed concern for disasters and 81.2% respondents for disaster preparedness, only 50.0% respondents were aware of the location of evacuation area closest to their current residential area and 17.6% respondents had some prearranged communication method with family in the event of disaster. Respondents living alone were less likely to know the location of evacuation area (AOR: 0.217; 95% CI: 0.103, 0.459; P<0.001) than respondents who lived with their family, and respondents with experience of training/lecture on disaster preparedness were more likely to know
the location of evacuation area (AOR: 3.418; 95% CI: 1.448, 8.064; P=0.005). Respondents who recognized the importance of disaster preparedness (AOR: 4.084; 95% CI: 1.430, 11.683; P=0.009) were more likely to have arranged with their family how to communicate with each other in the event of disaster. Conclusions: Participating in training/lecture regarding disaster preparedness contributed to actual disaster preparedness such as knowing the location of evacuation area. However, there was no contribution of participation in training/lectures on other behaviors of preparedness such as prearrangement of
communication methods with family, preparation of emergency items, and registration in disaster
notification services. As persons whose professional skills will be sought in pre- and post-disasters, it is essential to strengthen the capabilities of nursing university students through training on disaster preparation in order that they can effectively prepare for future disasters
Factors affecting university student's acceptance behavior toward older adults with dementia
No full text【目的】超高齢社会の日本において，認知症高齢者は増加の一途をたどっている．認知症高齢者はしばし
ば偏見を持たれ，社会的に不利な状況に置かれることがある．本研究では，大学生の認知症高齢者への態
度に関連する要因を明らかにすることを目的とした．
【対象と方法】本研究では，Ａ大学の学生を対象とし，自記式無記名調査票を配布した．また研究方法と
して，t検定，Pearsonの積率相関係数，重回帰分析等を用いた．【結果】本研究の対象者は，498名（有効回収率92.2%）であり，女性66.7％，平均年齢20.1（SD: 1.4）歳であった．認知症高齢者への態度得点の平均点は40.62（SD: 5.90）点であった．重回帰分析の結果，「SOC得点」（β＝.262, p<.0001），「認知症高齢者との交流」（β＝.173, p=.0085），「認知症高齢者への関心」（β＝.169, p=.0002），「障がい者との交流」（β＝.103, p=.0161），「LGBTとの交流」（β＝.092, p=.0246）の順に認知症高齢者への態度得点に影響していた．
【結論】Ａ大学の学生における認知症高齢者への態度は，「SOC得点」，「認知症高齢者への関心」，「認知症
高齢者との交流」，「障がい者・LGBTとの交流」が認知症高齢者への態度に影響していた
PTHの間歇的投与がラット脛骨に埋入されたインプラント周囲の骨量と骨質に与える影響
No full textObjectives: Intermittent injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is used to treat osteoporosis. The concept of bone quality was updated 20 years ago; however, these updates have not been adopted in implant dentistry. This study aimed to investigate the effects of intermittent administration of PTH on bone quality around implants in rat tibiae. Methods: Grade IV-titanium-threaded implants that were 3.5 mm long and 2.0 mm wide were placed in a randomly selected side of the proximal tibiae of 12-week-old female Wistar rats. Three weeks after implant placement, the rats were randomly divided into PTH-administration and saline-injection groups (PTH and VC, respectively; n = 7 per group). Micro-computed tomographical, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate bone quality and quantity surrounding the implants.
Results: PTH significantly increased bone volume and bone mineral density in bones not associated with the implants as compared to these values in the VC group. PTH significantly increased bone area and the amount of collagen within the total inside areas of all implant threads compared to that observed in VC. Moreover, PTH significantly increased the number of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts in the total inside and/or outside areas of all implant threads and altered the ratio of type I and III collagen to total collagen fibers.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, intermittent administration of PTH improved both bone quantity and bone quality based on the types and numbers of bone cells and the types of collagen fibers surrounding implants placed into rat tibiae.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1258号 学位授与年月日:令和2年6月3日Author: Yusuke Uchida, Shinichiro Kuroshima, Yusuke Uto, Riho Kanai, Maaya Inoue, Masayoshi Suzue, Takashi SawaseCitation: Journal of Oral Biosciences, 62(2), pp.139-146; 202
Plugging nonporous polyamide membranes for enhanced rejection of small contaminants during advanced wastewater treatment
No full textRemoving N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a regulated carcinogenic chemical, with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is a key challenge for enhancing the safety of reused potable water. This study aimed to achieve high rejection of NDMA and salts by plugging the nanopores in an RO membrane with linear-chain amines, amides, and epoxides. Plugging with amines or epoxides generally led to a reduction in water permeance and an increase in conductivity rejection. NDMA rejection increased linearly with the size of amines. The RO membrane plugged with dodecylamine exhibited an NDMA rejection of 80% when treating the effluent from a membrane bioreactor, and this performance was maintained for 8 d. In contrast, amide or epoxide plugs resulted in only minor improvements in NDMA rejection. We speculate that the amine plugs remain in the nanopores through electrostatic attractions, whereas amides and epoxides become readily detached from the nanopores because they are only bound through weaker hydrogen-bonding interactions. This study provides an understanding of the plugging mechanism that enhances NDMA rejection and demonstrated high NDMA rejection using treated wastewater
Experimental Study of Centrally Loaded Column Composed of Steel Tube, Timber and Grout (Part 3)
Get PDFThe authors have developed a new hybrid member composed of wood, cement grout and steel tube
(WGFT). This is similar to the concrete filled steel tube (CFT), because the wood occupies the inner
space of steel tube mainly, and WGFT has advantages of its weight against to CFT. Also, WGFT is
made of cement grout which is easy to get and cast than the high flow concrete casted in CFT. WGFT
was developed to use for seismic retrofitting brace for reinforced concrete structure. In the previous
tests, the authors have tested short columns and six long columns under concentric compression. The
main test parameters are shapes of the steel tube and diameter of the inner wood. The axial stiffness
and strength deceased according to the increases of the sectional area of the wood. After the
investigation for the behavior of the short columns of WGFT, centrally loading test was conducted for
the long columns. These specimens failed in buckling and attained the maximum strength. These
results showed that the axial load carrying capacities were estimated by the summation of buckling
strength of each component. The paper shows that the possibility of actual use of WGFT for seismic
retrofit
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEARING FAILURAL BEHAVIOR OF CFT SHORT COLUMNS WITH DIAPHRAGMS OF OUTSIDE TYPE
Get PDFA shearing behavior of Concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) column has been investigated by authors. The short columns of CFT with
diaphragms of through type were tested in the previous study. On the other hand, diaphragms of outside type are usually used to real CFT
columns in building structures, because the diaphragms of outside type does not prevent to the work of filling the concrete into the steel tubes.
Test has been conducted on six CFT specimens with diaphragms of outside type. The specimens have been subjected to cyclic shearing force under a constant axial force.
The test results of the shearing capacity are discussed comparing to the calculated values by AIJ method of Japan and by AISC method of U.S