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Where Do Adolescents Eat Less-Healthy Foods? Correspondence Analysis and Logistic Regression Results from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between the consumption of foods and eating locations (home, school/work and others)
in British adolescents, using data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008–2012 and 2013–2016).
A cross-sectional analysis of 62,523 food diary entries from this nationally representative sample was carried out for foods contributing up to 80% total energy to the daily adolescent’s diet. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to generate food–location relationship hypotheses followed by logistic regression (LR) to quantify the evidence in terms of odds ratios and formally test those hypotheses. The less-healthy foods that emerged from CA were chips, soft drinks,chocolate and meat pies. Adjusted odds ratios (99% CI) for consuming specific foods at a location “other” than home (H) or school/work (S) in the 2008–2012 survey sample were: for soft drinks, 2.8 (2.1 to 3.8) vs. H and 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) vs. S; for chips,2.8 (2.2 to 3.7) vs. H and 3.4 (2.1 to 5.5) vs. S; for chocolates, 2.6 (1.9 to 3.5) vs. H and 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) vs. S; and for meat pies, 2.7 (1.5 to 5.1) vs. H and 1.3 (0.5 to 3.1) vs. S. These trends were confirmed in the 2013–2016 survey sample. Interactions between location and BMI were not significant in either sample. In conclusion, public health policies to discourage less-healthy food choices in locations away from home and school/work are warranted for adolescents,irrespective of their BMI
左半側空間無視患者に対するプリズム順応が聴覚の空間性注意に与える影響：非ランダム化比較試験
No full textA short period of adaptation to a prismatic shift of the visual field to the right briefly but significantly improves left unilateral spatial neglect. Additionally, prism adaptation affects multiple modalities, including processes of vision, auditory spatial attention, and sound localization. This non-randomized, single-center, controlled trial aimed to examine the immediate effects of prism adaptation on the sound-localization abilities of patients with left unilateral spatial neglect using a simple source localization test. Subjects were divided by self-allocation into a prism-adaptation group (n = 11) and a control group (n = 12). At baseline, patients with left unilateral spatial neglect showed a rightward deviation tendency in the left space. This tendency to right-sided bias in the left space was attenuated after prism adaptation. However, no changes were observed in the right space of patients with left unilateral spatial neglect after prism adaptation, or in the control group. Our results suggest that prism adaptation improves not only vision and proprioception but also auditory attention in the left space of patients with left unilateral spatial neglect. Our findings demonstrate that a single session of prism adaptation can significantly improve sound localization in patients with left unilateral spatial neglect. However, in this study, it was not possible to accurately determine whether the mechanism was a chronic change in head orientation or a readjustment of the spatial representation of the brain; thus, further studies need to be considered.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1262号 学位授与年月日:令和2年6月3日Author: Matsuo, Takashi; Moriuchi, Takefumi; Iso, Naoki; Hasegawa, Takashi; Miyata, Hironori; Maruta, Michio; Mitsutake, Tsubasa; Yamaguchi, Yoichi; Tabira, Takayuki; Higashi, ToshioCitation: International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 43(3), pp.228-234; 202
本邦の地域在住高齢者における肺炎球菌保菌に関する横断研究
No full textBackground: The carriage prevalence of pneumococcus among community-dwelling older adults is not fully understood, especially in superaged societies. Our purpose was to elucidate the carriage prevalence of pneumococcus in the upper respiratory tract among Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of generally healthy community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years in Nagasaki city, Japan. Demographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal and saliva samples were collected from February 21st, 2018, to December 17th, 2018. The specimens were tested by culture and molecular methods. Results: Among a total of 504 enrolled participants, none were positive for pneumococcus by culture, and 22 were positive by PCR. The overall carriage prevalence was 4.4% (95% CI: 2.8–6.5%). The prevalence was highest in saliva samples, followed by oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples. No demographic characteristics were associated with carriage prevalence, including age (4.7% among participants aged 65–74 years and 4.1% among those 75 years and older). Among the pneumococcal-positive participants, 18.2% were PCV13-covered serotypes. Conclusions: Our data suggest a low carriage prevalence of S. pneumoniae among community-dwelling older people in Japan.長崎大学学位論文 学位記番号:博(医歯薬)甲第1267号 学位授与年月日:令和2年9月18日Author: Ikkoh Yasuda, Motoi Suzuki, Bhim Gopal Dhoubhadel, Mayumi Terada, Akira Satoh, Eiichiro Sando, Tomoko Hiraoka, Masaki Kurihara, Nobuo Matsusaka, Fumitaka Kawahara, Koya Ariyoshi, Konosuke MorimotoCitation: Vaccine, 38(21), pp.3752-3758; 202
The Impact of the Health Information Exchange System for the hospital management in Japan
No full textRecently Health Information Exchange (HIE) has been gradually spreading in Japan. In this study, the effect against the hospital
management of the HIE named the Ajisai-net of Nagasaki prefecture in Japan was evaluated through investigations of
both the number of the first visit patients and hospitalized patients. The first visit is classified into three types. The first type is
the reserved first visit bringing the introduction letters, 2nd type is the non-reserved first visit bringing the introduction letters
and 3rd type is non-reserved first visit not bringing the introduction letters. The total number of hospitalized patients was
12,237/32,398 (37.8%) on the first type, 8,764/ 24,549 (35.7%) on the second type and 1,277/7,167 (17.8%) on the third type,
and there were significantly differences among 3 types. (p<0.01) The number of hospitalized patients of the reserved new
patients bringing the introduction letters who had been registered to the Ajisai-net was 1,008/2,201(45.8%), significantly more
than the number of hospitalized patients of any other 3 types of the first visit patients. (p<0.01)
The number of the first visit patients registered to the Ajisai-net was also significantly more than that are not registered to the
Ajisai-net. (p<0.01) The increase of the number of the new patients and newly hospitalized patients is the most important factor
of the high hospital income in Japan. In conclusion, Japanese type of HIE has a positive effect of the Hospital management
was showed in this study
Extremely Rare Breakdown of the Moyamoya Vessels Resulting in Intraventricular Hemorrhage after Direct Bypass Surgery in a Pediatric Patient with Moyamoya Disease
No full textRevascularization surgery is established for both ischemic and hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD), although
hemorrhagic complication is a serious problem especially in adult MMD patients showing postoperative hyperperfusion.
Herein, we present an extremely rare case with pediatric MMD showing intraventricular hemorrhage the day following direct
bypass surgery, possibly due to a breakdown of the terminal branch of well-developed perforators working as moyamoya
vessels. Clinicians should consider this rare complication after bypass surgery for MMD regardless of preoperative
hemodynamics or patient age
A local report of a psychiatric intervention at a COVID-19 clinical site: an intervention for patients and front-line medical staff
No full textアルコール使用障害患者における、アルコール関連刺激および非アルコール関連刺激に対する行動の手がかり反応：視覚課題を使用した機能画像研究
No full text長崎大学学位論文 [学位記番号]博（医歯薬）甲第1288号 [学位授与年月日]令和2年12月2
Validation of a portable stereo camera system for measuring escape response of fish
No full textWe investigated whether the escape response of fish could be quantified from the horizontal direction using a portable stereo camera system. First, we constructed a portable stereo camera system equipped with two high-speed cameras, and performed image calibration. Second, the device was pushed toward the red sea bream Pagrus major to elicit its escape response. The flight initiation distance, displacement, and escape direction of the red sea bream were calculated from the captured images and compared with the values estimated from the high-speed camera installed above the water tank. The results indicate that these variables can be estimated with high accuracy using the portable stereo
camera system
PLD-fabricated Pr-Fe-B thick film magnets applied to small motors
Get PDFAlthough a conventional isotropic Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet (coercivity: 800 kA/m, thickness: 350 μm) has been widely used for a miniaturized motor, deposition of a thick film magnet without resin directly on a small shaft enables us to advance the further reduction of the motor. When obtaining the film magnet on the shaft, we carried out fundamental experiments using a stainless plate. Namely, we investigated the mechanical characteristic such as adhesion together with magnetic properties of PLD (Pulsed Laser Deposition)-made films as a function of Pr content. It was found that Pr-Fe-B films with Pr content above 15 at. % tended to peel from the plates after the deposition. We suppose that the result is attributed to the different linear expansion coefficient between a stainless (10.3×10-6 K-1) and Pr element (6.7×10-6 K-1). On the other hand, an increase in Pr contents of the samples enabled us to enhance coercivity compared with that of a conventional Nd-Fe-B bonded magnet. In the study, we prepared a 250 μm-thick Pr-Fe-B film magnet with the coercivity (Hcj) of approximately 1250 kA/m on a thin stainless shaft applicable to a small motor by the PLD
Body cooling effects of immersion of the forearms in high-concentration artificial carbonic acid water at 25°C
Get PDFBACKGROUND: This study examined the effects of immersion in stirred, high-concentration, artificial carbonic acid water on body cooling. METHODS: Seven healthy male students (23 ± 2 years old) participated in the experiment. Signed informed consent was obtained from all subjects before the experiment. The subjects changed into shorts and T-shirts and entered an experimental room (with room temperature controlled at 30 °C and relative humidity maintained at 70%) at least 30 min before starting the experiment. After starting the experiment, the subjects were asked to rest on an exercise bike for 5 min and then pedal for 20 min. The exercise load was set to reach 50% of each subject's presumed maximum oxygen intake at 5 min after starting exercise. Subjects then continued pedaling for 1 min to cool down. After this exercise, subjects sat on a chair and immersed forearms in tap water or artificial carbonic acid water (CO2 water) at 25 °C for 20 min. During immersion, tap water or CO2 water was stirred slowly with a pump. After immersion, subjects rested for 10 min. Skin temperature and skin blood flow (left forearm), as well as heart rate and ear canal temperature, were measured continuously. Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were measured intermittently. RESULTS: Skin blood flow of the immersed forearms was higher in CO2 water than in tap water during immersion. The blood flow in the last 5 min (average at rest was 100%) was significantly higher in CO2 water (290.85 ± 84.81%) than in tap water (104.80 ± 21.99%). Thermal sensation and thermal comfort were not different between conditions. Ear canal temperature significantly declined more in CO2 water (- 0.56 ± 0.31 °C) than in tap water (- 0.48 ± 0.30 °C) during immersion. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that immersion of the forearms in slowly stirred CO2 water at 25 °C reduces core temperature elevated by heat stress or exercise more effectively than does tap water at the same temperature. Immersion of the forearms in stirred CO2 water at 25 °C could be useful as a preventive measure against heat stroke from summer work or exercise