Muroran-IT Academic Resource Archive
Not a member yet
5947 research outputs found
Sort by
A Novel Approach for Urban Road Network Maintenance Plans Using Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis and Roadside Conditions: A Case Study of Muroran City, Japan
Get PDFUrban and residential roads play an integral role in the infrastructure system of a city. Although they take up a large proportion of the national road network, maintenance plans for urban roads are beset by many problems. These include difficulty in collecting enormous volumes of data, implementing analyses, and interpreting results because of complicated frameworks. Thus, this study aims to introduce an effective and reliable method of formulating a maintenance plan using integrated criteria of spatial autocorrelation analysis and roadside conditions. The results demonstrate that defective pavements are clustered in certain areas, for example, mountainous and forested areas, which indicate environmental effects. Using a mixed index as a criterion for prioritization, approximately 55% of roadside residents (represented by the total residential housing floor area) and 90% of commercial and medical facilities surrounding critical sections gained benefit from maintenance activities in the second year. Importantly, the proposed method presents the advantages of simplifying implications and quantitative outcomes that could support local agents in not only implementing but also making decisions and interpreting such decisions for the community.journal articl
Bertrand and Mannheim Curves of Spherical Framed Curves in a Three-Dimensional Sphere
Get PDFWe investigated differential geometries of Bertrand curves and Mannheim curves in a three-dimensional sphere. We clarify the conditions for regular spherical curves to become Bertrand and Mannheim curves. Then, we concentrate on Bertrand and Mannheim curves of singular spherical curves. As singular spherical curves, we considered spherical framed curves. We define Bertrand and Mannheim curves of spherical framed curves. We give conditions for spherical framed curves to become Bertrand and Mannheim curves.journal articl
大規模火山噴火時における駐機容量制約緩和を考慮した航空機避難モデルの構築
Get PDF我が国における活火山は数多く存在しており，その大規模火山噴火により航空輸送網は甚大な影響を受けることが予想されている．筆者らは先行研究において，大規模火山噴火リスクに対する航空機避難問題を定式化し，各航空機避難時間の総和を最小化する最適化モデルを提案した．しかしこのモデルでは，非常時の駐機容量（空港に駐機できる最大数）の一時的な緩和は考慮しておらず，空港サイドの対応策を評価することができなかった．そこで本研究では駐機容量の緩和を変数に入れた航空機避難モデルの構築を行った．航空機の位置座標については CARATS Open Data から情報を抽出した．航空機の避難先の割り当てと駐機容量の緩和レベルの組み合わせ最適化手法として遺伝的アルゴリズムを用いた．ケーススタディとして桜島の噴火を想定し，分析を行った．In recent years, the air transport industry and economies of European countries had encountered disruption significantly from a volcanic eruption. In Japan, there are many active volcanoes, and it is expected that large-scale volcanic eruptions will have a great impact. In the previous research, the authors formulated the aircraft evacuation problem for the risk of large-scale volcanic eruption and proposed an optimization model that minimizes the total evacuation time of each aircraft. However, this model did not consider temporary mitigation of airport capacity in an emergency and could not evaluate airport-side countermeasures. Therefore, we constructed an aircraft evacuation model including the relaxation of airport capacity as a variable in this study. In that case, we used CARATS Open data for the position of the aircraft, and the genetic algorithm to optimize the combination of aircraft evacuation destination allocation and airport capacity mitigation levels. As a case study, we assumed the eruption of Sakurajima and analyzed it.journal articl
人口分布統計を用いた北海道胆振東部地震の時間帯別帰宅困難者数の推定
Get PDF2019 年 2 月 21 日に北海道胆振地方中東部地震の最大余震が発災した際，札幌市都心部においては公共交通の復旧を待つ人々が溢れ返った．積雪寒冷地においては冬期の発災シナリオを含めて発災タイミングの違いを考慮した帰宅困難者数の推定が緊急時の避難体制を構築するうえで必要不可欠である．従来，帰宅困難者数の推計に関しては，国勢調査とパーソントリップ調査を用いた事例が多く報告されている．しかし，各時間や遠方からの滞在人口を考慮し，各メッシュ単位における帰宅手段や活動目的別の分析はみられなかった．そこで本研究では，札幌市において PT 調査，携帯電話位置情報データ（モバイル空間統計）および各避難所や面積を用いて帰宅困難者数の推計を行い，帰宅困難者数の空間分布を可視化した．When aftershock of the Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake struck on February 21, 2019, there were a flood of people waiting for the restoration of public transportation in central Sapporo, including Sapporo Station. Estimating the number of people who have difficulty returning home, including the disaster scenario in winter, considering the difference in the timing of the disaster is indispensable for building an emergency evacuation system. Many existing studies on the estimation of the number of people who have difficulty returning home have been reported using the national census and the person trip survey (hereinafter referred to as the PT survey). However, considering the population staying at each time and from a distance, no analysis was found for each mesh unit by means of returning home or activity purpose. Therefore, in this study, we estimated the number of people who have difficulty returning home and visualized the spatial distribution of the number of people who have difficulty returning home. By using PT surveys, mobile phone location information data (mobile spatial statistics), and each evacuation center and area in Sapporo City.journal articl
不斉反応に用いる新規ペプチド有機分子触媒の開発
Get PDF室蘭工業大学Muroran Institute of Technology博士（工学）application/pdf医薬品を含む多くの生物活性化合物は光学活性物質であり, その鏡像異性体は異なる生体内活性を示すことが多く, 有効な一方の鏡像異性体を高立体選択的に合成するための不斉合成反応，特に不斉触媒を用いる触媒的不斉合成反応の開発は医薬品や様々な光学活性機能性分子を創製するために重要である。その不斉触媒の中で，金属を用いない有機分子触媒は空気中で安定であり取り扱いやすく安価であるという利点などを有するため, 次世代の環境調和型触媒として現在活発な研究開発が行なわれている。著者は, 新規多点認識型有機分子触媒として，これまでその機能性の検討がなされていなかったγ—ターン型トリペプチドに着目し，その不斉触媒としての機能解明を不斉アルドール反応に適用することにより試みた。適用する不斉アルドール反応は炭素—炭素結合形成反応として有用であり，各種医薬品や複雑な生物活性化合物を合成するための鍵反応として汎用されている。新規有機分子触媒としてのγ—ターン型トリペプチド有機分子触媒は，容易に入手可能な各種アミノ酸から数工程を経て合成され,得られたトリペプチド有機分子触媒の不斉触媒活性をケトン類とアルデヒド類との不斉アルドール反応に適用し検討した。その結果として, 創製したγ—ターン型トリペプチド有機分子触媒が本反応において不斉触媒活性を示し，優れた化学収率と良好な光学収率で光学活性アルドール生成物を与えることを見出した。得られた生成物は，創薬のための様々な生物活性化合物の合成中間体として有用であり，この合成中間体から新薬候補化合物を創製できることが期待される。本研究において著者は，「分子構造がγ—ターン型分子内水素結合で固定化され，さらにその分子構造内に基質との共有結合部位と水素結合部位，さらには反応のエナンチオ選択性の制御に有効な立体制御部位を併せもつ新規多点認識機能を発現するγ—ターン型トリペプチド有機分子触媒」を開発することに成功し, それらが創薬に有効な不斉アルドール反応において良好な不斉触媒活性を示すことを明らかにした。開発した本ペプチド型有機分子触媒は， 他の有用な不斉触媒反応においても触媒機能を示すことが期待され，さらに，本反応によって得られる化合物は様々な医薬品をはじめとする生物活性化合物の合成中間体として有用であることから，本研究の成果は, 新薬創製を指向した合成開発研究に大きく貢献できると期待される。Many biologically active compounds, including pharmaceuticals, are optically active and often only one of the enantiomer shows a high biologically activity. Therefore, it is important to develop the synthetic methodology for providing only necessary enantiomer. As the methodology, catalytic asymmetric synthesis, in which the use of a low amount of a chiral catalyst theoretically enables infinite production of optically active compounds, is the most efficient in the synthetic organic chemistry field. Moreover, this methodology is also important in terms of energy saving and environmental friendliness. The chiral catalysts used in catalytic asymmetric syntheses can be divided into two categories of organometallic catalyst and metal-free organocatalyst. Particularly, organocatalyst is stable in air, nontoxic, easy to handle, and inexpensive, so they are being focused on as next-generation, environmentally friendly catalysts. Author focused on a peptide as an organocatalyst. In organocatalyst, peptide catalyst has been recognized as a powerful and useful tool in synthetic organic chemistry field, because peptides are highly modular, structurally diverse and easily accessible from nature's chiral pool. In the development of peptide organocatalyst, inspired by the efficient and stereospecific metal-free enzymatic processes, synthetic chemists have devoted much effort in recent years towards the development of a broad range of short peptide-based asymmetric catalysts, which mimic various qualities of enzymes. The structural diversity available with short peptide sequences and the fact that peptides offer a more strictly defined asymmetric environment to the reactants, compared to single amino acids, makes this class of molecules particularly promising towards the development of a wide range of organocatalysts with fine-tunable structural and electronic properties. Author designed a new small g-turn type N-primary amino terminal tripeptide containing the pyrrolidine ring as a backbone. This peptide has N-terminal side at nitrogen atom in pyrrolidine backbone and C-terminal exists at 2-position on the pyrrolidine ring. As a reaction for providing the utility of the peptide organocatalyst, asymmetric aldol reaction of ketones with aldehydes was selected. The aldol products from this reaction work as an important synthetic precursor of the synthesis of many biologically active compounds including pharmaceuticals. Author tried the reaction of ketones with aldehydes using newly prepared g-turn type tripeptide organocatalyst at first time. As a result, this tripeptide organocatalyst showed good catalytic activity in this reaction and the desired chiral aldol products were obtained in good chemical yields, diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities. In this study, author revealed that the new explored tripeptide organocatalysts were showed satisfactory catalytic activities in the aldol reaction. It is expected that these results should be able to greatly contribute the development of new drug and its related compounds.doctoral thesi
Evaluations of frost and scaling resistance of fly ash concrete in terms of changes in water absorption and pore structure under the accelerated carbonation conditions
No full textapplication/pdfIn this study, the frost and scaling resistance of concrete with various fly ash (FA) replacement ratios exposure to air and accelerated carbonation conditions were investigated. The changes in water absorption were measured by RILEM / CIF test and in pore structure were measured by the Archimedes method and the mercury intrusion porosimetry method due to carbonation. Results show that the influence of FA and carbonation on the frost and scaling resistance of concrete can be ignored due to air bubbles by air entraining (AE) admixture in case of AE FA concrete. For Non-AE FA concrete, carbonation of FA concrete does not change the gel porosity/capillary porosity ratio, which is the reason for the frost resistance is not influenced by carbonation of FA concrete. Additionally, it is noteworthy to note that the scaling resistance is strongly connected to the pore volume above 75 nm, and that when exposed to carbonation, the scaling resistance tends to rise as a result of the increase in pore volume above 75 nm that occurs as a result of carbonation. Because of the addition of FA and carbonation, the frost and scaling resistance are far more reliant on the changes in pore structure than they are on the water absorption.2024/7/6エンバーゴ終了journal articl
Preparation of Information Infrastructure for remote class against COVID-19 in Muroran Institute of Technology
Get PDFapplication/pdfDue to the outbreak of COVID-19, almost all educational institutes need to change their way of education. Many Universities adopt remote class which rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). New education methodologies are also tried in their remote classes. In this paper, we report the preparation of ICT environment. We also discuss the trials of faculty for new style class.特集departmental bulletin pape
Rapid rise of planar object by near-field acoustic levitation on recessed acoustic radiation surface
No full textapplication/pdfNear-field acoustic levitation (NFAL) can be observed for a planar object placed on the vibrating surface of a longitudinal vibrator. However, for a vibrating surface with a recess, not only NFAL was observed, but also jumping behavior with a snapping sound. This phenomenon was examined analytically and experimentally with bolt-clamped Langevin transducers and a duralumin vibratory horn. Jumping occurred when the minimum value of the acoustic radiation force was larger than the weight of the object. The snapping sound during jumping was generated by the sound pressure that was focused at the center of the bottom surface of the object when the acoustic radiation force peaked due to acoustic resonance in the recessed space.journal articl
AFRPシートで曲げ補強したRC梁の耐衝撃挙動に関する実験的研究
Get PDF室蘭工業大学Muroran Institute of Technology博士（工学）application/pdf近年，RC構造物の耐衝撃性向上法の１つとして，高強度重量比や高耐食性および高施工性を有するFRP材料を用いた補強方法に着目した実験的検討が行われている。しかしながら，FRP材料を用いたRC構造物の合理的な耐衝撃設計法に関しては，未だ確立されていないのが現状である。このような観点より，本研究では，衝撃荷重を受けるFRP材料で補強したRC構造物の合理的な耐衝撃設計法手法を確立することを目的に，アラミド繊維（AFRP）シートで曲げ補強したRC梁を対象に静荷重および重錘落下衝撃荷重載荷実験を実施した。ここでは，シート補強量がRC梁の耐衝撃性に与える影響を確認するために補強量を３種類に変化させた。測定項目は，衝撃荷重，支点反力，載荷点変位，シートの軸方向ひずみに関する時刻歴波形および実験終了後のRC梁のひび割れ分布である。本論文の構成は以下の通りである。第１章は本論文の序論であり，本研究の背景や既往の研究，および目的について述べている。第２章では，既往の研究をレビューするとともに，FRP材料を用いた補強方法について述べている。第３章では，本研究で対象とした試験体や静荷重および重錘落下衝撃荷重載荷実験法の概要について述べている。第４章では，無補強及びシート補強梁を対象とした静荷重載荷実験について述べている。実験結果より，シート補強量が大きいほど最大荷重は増加すること，およびシート補強RC梁の破壊形式は既往の研究成果と同様に，シート補強量によって“曲げ圧壊型”と“剥離破壊型”に分類されることなどを明らかにしている。第５章では，無補強およびシート補強RC梁を対象に単一衝撃荷重載荷実験について述べている。実験結果より，衝撃荷重を受けるシート補強梁は，無補強梁と比較して最大載荷点変位を35%程度抑制できること，シート補強の有無にかかわらずRC梁の最大/残留変位は，入力衝撃エネルギーに対してほぼ線形に増加する傾向を示すこと，衝撃荷重を受けるシート補強RC梁の破壊モードは，シートの補強量によって“シート破断型”と“シート剥離型”の２種類に分類されること，さらに前者は静荷重下における“曲げ圧破型”に，後者は“剥離破壊型”に対応することなどを明らかにしている。第６章では，漸増繰り返し載荷実験について述べている。その結果，絶対最大変位と累積入力エネルギーには線形関係が成立すること，漸増繰り返し載荷における破壊形式は単一衝撃荷重時と同一の傾向を示すことなどを明らかにしている。第７章は本論文の結論であり，本研究で得られた知見を整理している。Traditional methods of strengthening or retrofitting existing concrete structures, such as steel plate bonding, section expansion, and external post-tensioning, have been used. However, these techniques have the disadvantages of increasing the structure's weight, being difficult to install, and having the reinforcing material corrode, resulting in higher maintenance expenses. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials have many outstanding advantages, including corrosion resistance, a high strength-to-weight ratio, and ease of installation. Due to these features, many studies and applications on FRP materials containing carbon, glass, aramid, and basalt fibers have been carried out in civil engineering. Most of the FRP materials were applied to strengthen RC beams in flexure and/or shear under static loadings. Design recommendations for reinforcing concrete structures with externally bonded FRP systems have been developed and are being widely applied. However, worldwide terrorist activities and threats have recently posed a significant challenge to civil infrastructure, necessitating the construction of structures with blast and impact resistance. As a result, FRP materials can be used to strengthen RC constructions against both static and blast and impact loads. However, studies on FRP-strengthened RC beams against impact loading are relatively limited. Design specifications for strengthening RC members under impact loading have not been established yet. From this point of view, this work focuses on RC beams with stirrups that approach the ultimate state statically and demonstrate flexural failures. Low-velocity drop-weight impact loading tests on RC beams strengthened in flexure with Aramid FRP sheets were performed with varying drop heights of the weight (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5m) and sheet volume (415, 830, and 1660 g/m2) to investigate the strengthening effect and the failure mode of the RC beams. The experiments in the case of consecutive impact loading with gradually increasing energy were also conducted to investigate the impact-resistant characteristics of the RC beams. Here, the sheet volumes used were 415, 830, and 1660 g/m2. The drop height of the weight was increased in the order of 1, 2, 2.5, and 3 m up to the corresponding ultimate state of the beam. Furthermore, to study the load-carrying capacity, strain distribution, crack distribution, and failure behavior of the beams, static loading experiments were also tested on the RC beams. The results were compared with impact loading tests, calculated results by means of the multilayered method, and the failure mode of the previous study. From the experimental results, the following are the findings of this research: (1) In the case of the static loading, the failure mode of the strengthened RC beams with AFRP sheets was classified into two types: flexural compression failure and debonding failure, depending on the sheet volume. These results are in good agreement with the previous study. (2) In the case of impact loading (with a single loading method), the maximum and residual displacement of the strengthened beams can be restrained by up to 35% and 85%, respectively, compared with unreinforced beams. (3) The maximum/residual displacement of the RC beams with/without AFRP sheets linearly increased with the input impact energy. (4) The failure mode of the strengthened RC beams under impact loading was classified into two types depending on the sheet volume: rupturing and debonding. The former corresponds to the flexural compression failure mode, while the latter corresponds to the debonding failure mode under static loading. (5) In the case of the consecutive drop-weight impact loading, the absolute maximum/residual deflections of the strengthened beams were linearly distributed corresponding to the accumulated input impact energy, and the failure mode of RC beams in this case had the same tendency as in the case of the single impact loading.doctoral thesi