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An Analysis of the Ainu Place Names Based on Ecological Semantics
Get PDFアイヌ語地名研究は、正確な語源を特定する地名解をはじめさまざまな角度から研究が行われてきたが、特に地名の意味は、命名者の心のあり方や認知パターンといった側面から説明されることが多かったが、これはあくまで分析者の推論に過ぎず、さらには人々と場所との相互作用という側面を捉えきれないといった問題がある。そこで本稿は、人間と環境との相互作用に基づく生態学的意味論を採用し、その場所における知覚や行為の可能性すなわちアフォーダンスに基づいて分析する。これにより、実際の生態の構造と言語表現の表す概念構造の対応関係を明らかにする。journal articl
Multi-Faceted Decision Making Using Multiple Reinforcement Learning to Reducing Wasteful Actions
Get PDFReinforcement learning can lead to autonomous behavior depending on the environment. However, in complex and high-dimensional environments, such as real environments, a large number of trials are required for learning. In this paper, we propose a solution for the learning problem using local learning to select an action based on the surrounding environmental information. Simulation experiments were conducted using maze problems, pitfall problems, and environments with random agents. The actions that did not contribute to task accomplishment were compared between the proposed method and ordinary reinforcement learning method.journal articl
Microwave-assisted synthesis and formation mechanism of fluorescent carbon dots from starch
Get PDFWe report the synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) via the microwave (MW)-assisted hydrothermal treatment of starch in an aqueous phosphoric acid solution. CDs emitting blue, orange, and green fluorescence in different solvents were obtained. The fluorescence quantum yield of the CDs emitting blue fluorescence is 30%, which is comparable to those of semiconductor quantum dots. The formation of the CDs under MW irradiation was monitored using a spectroscopic approach. The formation of blue-fluorescent CDs began at an early stage of the reaction. Subsequently, the CDs underwent aggregation. The aggregations were effectively extracted to the toluene layer by liquid-liquid extraction, and they emitted orange fluorescence in toluene and green fluorescence in water. The formation of the aggregates was followed by a steep increase in the yield of the CDs that emit blue fluorescence. MW heating for a certain duration was required to increase the yield of the blue-fluorescent CDs.journal articl
金属材料ベローズの圧密化と耐圧性能の向上に関する研究
Get PDF室蘭工業大学Muroran Institute of Technology博士（工学）application/pdf燃料電池自動車の水素ステーションに使用されるホースの開発に関連して，耐水素脆化金属材料製ベローズの内圧変形強度とベローズ形状との関係を実験と数値シミュレーションから検証した．材料には耐水素脆化特性に優れるSUS316NieqとHRX19の2種類のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を使用した．第一に材料の静的変形強度特性を調査するため，233 K－343 Kの温度範囲で静的引張試験を行い応力－ひずみ関係を求めた．2種類の材料共に温度が低いほど引張強度も破断ひずみも増加する結果を得た．また引張強度はHRX19の方が高くなった．第二にベローズを軸方向に圧縮加工（圧密化）することによる耐圧性能の向上を実証するため，HRX19製のU型ベローズとそれを圧密したベローズを試作して内圧破断実験を実施した．結果は圧密化の程度が大きいほど破断内圧が大きくなった．また破断はベローズの軸方向に生じており，破断に寄与する応力としては円周方向の応力が支配的であった．第三にベローズの内圧変形強度と形状の関係を数値シミュレーションで調査するため，解析コードANSYSを用いて有限要素法による構造解析を実施した．U型ベローズの軸方向圧縮シミュレーションと，内圧を負荷した時のベローズの変形と応力に関するシミュレーションを行った．シミュレーションは引張試験で得られた応力－ひずみ線図に基づいており，引張強さを真応力に変換した値を破断基準と仮定した．負荷する内圧を徐々に大きくしていき，円周応力が破断基準に達するときの内圧をU型ベローズと圧密ベローズで比較した．結果は圧密化の程度が大きいほど内圧も大きい，すなわち内圧強度が高くなった．これは内圧破断実験での結果と同じ傾向である．またベローズには成形加工と圧密加工に因る残留応力が存在しており，それを考慮した場合と除去して考慮しない場合とで結果を比較したところ，残留応力を除去した方が内圧強度は高くなる結果となった．円周応力の他に，円周ひずみと，圧密化以外の形状変化の影響についても調査した．円周ひずみはいずれのピッチでも外径側から内径側に行くほど大きくなり，ピッチが小さい程剛性が高くなる結果となった．またピッチを変えずに外径，内径，山高を変化させた場合の円周応力を比較したところ，ベローズの山高が大きい，また径が小さいと内圧強度が大きくなる結果が得られた．以上より内圧変形強度とベローズ形状の関係について検証することができた．This study is concerned with the development of flexible hoses for hydrogen gas dispensers used in hydrogen stations for fuel cell vehicles (FCV). In this paper the relationship between internal pressure strength of flexible metal tubes and their convolution shapes is investigated by internal pressure rupture test and numerical simulation. Two kinds of stainless steels with high Ni equivalent are used for bellows. Properties of high Ni equivalent in those stainless steels mean to suppress hydrogen embrittlement. First, tensile tests of the tubular specimens of those materials are carried out at temperatures ranging from 233 K to 343 K to investigate static deformation strength characteristics. As a result, the tensile strength and the breaking strain tended to increase as the temperature decreased. Second, we carried out an internal pressure rupture experiment of a U-shaped bellows made of HRX19 with high tensile strength and a bellows compressed in the axial direction. As a result, the greater the degree of compression was, the greater the internal rupture pressure was. The rupture occurred in the axial direction of the bellows, the stress in the circumferential direction was dominant. Third, we investigated the relationship between the internal pressure strength of the bellows and shape of the bellows by numerical simulation. We carried out a simulation of applying internal pressure to the U-shaped bellows and compression bellows models. In this simulation, the true stress of the tensile strength obtained in the tensile test was assumed to be the fracture standard. Comparing the internal pressure when the circumferential stress reaches the fracture standard between the U-shaped bellows and the compressed bellows, the results show that the internal pressure increases as the bellows are compressed. This is consistent with the tendency verified in the internal pressure rupture test. Comparing the results with and without consideration of the residual stress due to bellows molding and consolidation, the internal pressure strength was higher without consideration. In addition to the circumferential stress, we also investigated the circumferential strain. The circumferential strain increased toward a root of the bellows, and the rigidity increased as it was compressed. In addition, in order to investigate the effects of shape changes other than pitch, simulations were carried out using models with different outer diameter, inner diameter, and height. From these, we were able to verify the relationship between the internal pressure strength and the bellows shape.doctoral thesi
Microscopic-characterization of photo-induced birefringence of azo-polymer thin film by focused surface plasmon
No full textapplication/pdfIn this paper, we develop a technique to quantitatively evaluate the orientational dependence of local anisotropic properties (of azo-polymers fabricated in the form of thin films - 100 nm) by means of focused surface plasmon. The magnitude of photo-induced birefringence and orientation of fast axis at microscopic sites in thin films are extracted by the developed method on evaluating the propagation constants of surface plasmon obtained from the elliptical absorption pattern in the reflected spatial frequency distribution. Low birefringence (-0.01) has been successfully measured with ultra-low probe volume.journal articl
Approaches to Remote Classes under the COVID-19 Pandemic by Teachers in the College of Liberal Arts
Get PDFapplication/pdfIn traditional university education, remote activities used to be basically an adjunct to face-to-face activities in classrooms. However, the coronavirus pandemic turned them into a major educational means. Teachers were forced to consider what activities from their face-to-face classes could be used in an online environment, and what kind of remote activities can be used as an alternative to face-to-face activities in classrooms. This paper describes how remote classes have been conducted since 2020 in order to achieve the purpose of each subject and maintain learning efficiency, and what kind of advantages and disadvantages remote classes have.特集departmental bulletin pape
モバイルペイメントシステム導入に関する小売事業者の心的要素の研究
Get PDF室蘭工業大学Muroran Institute of Technology博士（工学）application/pdf本稿は，マーケティングプランナーがモバイルペイメントシステム導入の普及戦略の作成を支援するシステムの概念設計を提案するものである．実験結果を示すことによってシステムの有用性を明らかにした．本稿は６つの章で構成される．
１章に，本研究の着目する問題点と目的を示す．デジタル化社会での消費行動において，便利な支払い手段の一つとしてモバイルペイメントサービスがある．各国がサービスの普及を推進しているが，国別で普及率の差がある．この状況において，商業施設のモバイルペイメントシステムの導入率を促進するための効率的な戦略が重要である．特にそれらの施設の中に，人の日常の消費行動に関わる小売事業者のシステム導入率を改善する必要がある．そのため，マーケティングプランナーが宣伝を行うとき，小売事業者のシステム導入有無に関係する心的要素に着目すべきである．しかし，システムを導入している事業者と導入していない事業者の心的要素の違いを把握できていないため，効果的な宣伝を行うのが難しい．そこで本研究では，モバイルペイメントシステム導入の有無による小売事業者の心的要素の違いを示すルールを抽出するアルゴリズムを提案した．２章に，本研究の関連研究と背景理論を紹介する．関連研究を紹介することによって，モバイル決済システムを使うことに影響する心的要素を調べた先行研究と本研究の比較を行った．本研究の背景理論として，Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) と相関分析が挙げられる．小売事業者のモバイルペイメントシステムに対する考え方とシステム導入の決断についてのデータ取得のために，UTAUT を用いた先行研究のアンケートを参考にして設問項目を作った．収集したデータで事業者の考え方とシステム導入の意思決定との関係を調べるために，相関分析を用いた．３章に，‘キー・ルール’ を抽出するアルゴリズムを示す．相関分析の結果から重要なルールを見つけるために，トゥルー・ルール（結果部が「システム導入」のルール）とフォールス．ルール（結果部が「システム非導入」のルール）の違いを示すルールを抽出するアルゴリズムを提案した．本研究では，これらの抽出したルールを‘キー・ルール’ と定義した．提案アルゴリズムの手順を以下に示す．1. 空のテーブルを生成する：抽出するキー・ルールを保存するためのデータテーブルを生成する．2. トゥルー・ルールの条件部に含めた設問項目を見つける：結果部が「システム導入」のルールの条件部に含まれる設問項目を特定する．QTaはトゥルー・ルールa で特定した設問項目の集合を示す．3. フォールス．ルールの条件部にに含めた設問項目を見つける：結果部が「システム非導入」のルールの条件部に含まれる設問項目を特定する．QFaはフォールス・ルールa で特定した設問項目の集合を示す．4. 特定した設問項目を比較する：２と３で特定した設問項目を比較してキー・ルールを見つける．３つのケースでキー・ルールを特定する：（１）QTa⊃ QFa，（２）QTa= QFa，（３）QTa⊂ QFa. 5. 見つけたルールを保存する：１で生成したテーブルに見つけたルールを保存する．４章に，モバイルペイメントシステムの導入普及のための支援システムの概念設計を記述する．ターゲットユーザは小売事業者のシステム導入を促進したいマーケティングプランナーである．システムのメカニズムを以下に示す．1. 相関分析を行う：ユーザが設定したパラメータを取得して事業者の心的要素とシステム導入の意思決定の関係性を示す相関ルールを得る．2. 相関ルールを分別する：得られた相関ルールを結果部のシステム導入か非導入かによって分別し，それぞれのルールを取得する．3. キー・ルールを抽出する：提案アルゴリズムを用いて，二つの種類のルールを比較することによって心的要素の違いを表すルールを抽出する．５章に，実験デザインと実験による結果の考察を記述する．提案アルゴリズムの効果を検証するために，実験を行った．まず，日本，中国，タイ，台湾，４つのエリアで小売事業者のモバイルペイメントシステムに対する考え方とシステム導入の意思決定についてアンケート調査を行った．その後，収集したデータを用いて相関分析を行い，「システム導入」のルールと「システム非導入」のルールを取得した．そして，提案アルゴリズムでキー・ルールを抽出した．最後に，得られたキー・ルールを３つの指標，コスト有効性，信頼度，対象者範囲で評価した．結果として，４つのエリアのデータ，日本のデータ，中国のデータを入力した場合にキー・ルールを抽出できた．評価値の高いキー・ルールを考察することによって，以下の普及戦略が考えられる．４つのエリアのデータを入力した場合，システムを導入していない小売事業者の48%がシステム導入に必要な設備を持っていないと思っている．これらの事業者に対して，システムを導入させるために，モバイルペイメントの導入に必要な設備についての考え方を変えることに着目した宣伝を行うのが効果的であることがわかった．日本のデータを入力した場合，システムを導入していない小売事業者の66%がシステム導入に必要な設備を持っていないと思っている．これらの事業者に対して，システムを導入させるために，（１）モバイルペイメントの導入に必要な設備，（２）導入に必要な設備と期待できる利便性，（３）導入に必要な設備と知識，（４）導入に必要な設備と期待できる優越性についての考え方を変えることに着目した宣伝を行うのが効果的であることがわかった．中国のデータを入力した場合，システムを導入していない小売事業者の55%がシステム導入によって仕事がより便利になれるかを確信していないが，システムを導入すれば仕事を早めに済ませることと，モバイルペイメントシステムが他の支払い方法と併用できることを認識している．これらの事業者に対して，システムを導入させるために，モバイルペイメントの導入による期待できる利便性についての考え方を変えることに着目した宣伝を行うのが効果的であることがわかった．６章に，本研究の結論と今後の展望をまとめる．本研究で提案したシステムの概念設計とアルゴリズムでは，データ収集の段階で設問項目を適切に調整することによって，幅広い分野に適応できる．本稿はモバイルペイメントシステム導入に関する小売事業者の心的要素の観点から，相関分析の結果によって有用な情報を発見するソリューションの提供に貢献するものである．This paper summarizes a conceptual design of a system for helping marketing planners promote the introduction of mobile payment systems. Then, an experiment for validating the performance of the system is also described. The paper consists of six chapters. In Chapter 1, the scope and the goal of this study are described. Mobile payment services are convenient payment methods for shopping behaviors in digitalized society. Though governments have been promoting the usages of mobile payment services, there are gaps in usage rates among different countries despite the efforts. Effective strategies are required for improving the introduction rates in shopping facilities, especially in small-sized shops which are used frequently in people’s daily lives. Thus, shop owners’ mental factors for introducing mobile payment systems should be considered by marketing planners when conducting the promotions. However, it is difficult to make effective promotion strategies because the planners do not know about mental gaps between shop owners who introduce the systems and those who do not. To solve the problem, an algorithm for extracting helpful information which indicate the difference between shop owners’ mentalities for introducing and not introducing the systems was proposed. In Chapter 2, literature review and theoretical background are shown. By showing the literature review, previous studies on investigating mental factors for using mobile payment systems were compared with this study. As theoretical background of this study, Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and association analysis are described. In order to collect data of shop owners’ attitudes towards mobile payment systems and their introduction of the systems, question items of a questionnaire were designed by referring to other questionnaires made by previous works using UTAUT. After collecting the data, association analysis was used for investigating the relationship between shop owners’ attitudes and the decision of introducing mobile payment systems. In Chapter 3, an algorithm for extracting ‘key rules’ is shown. In order to find important rules from the results of association analysis, an algorithm for extracting the rules indicating the difference between ‘true’ rules (rules which have consequent item as introducing the systems) and ‘false’ rules (rules which have consequent item as not introducing the systems) was proposed. In the study, the extracted rules are defined as ‘key rules’. The basic idea of the algorithm for extracting key rules is shown below: 1. Generate an empty table. Here, an empty table is initially generated for keeping the extracted key rules. 2. Find question items of antecedent itemsets of true rules. Here, question items included in antecedent itemsets associated with the decision of introducing the systems are found. QTa represents a set of question items of a true rule a. 3. Find question items of antecedent itemsets of false rules. Here, question items included in antecedent itemsets associated with the decision of not introducing the systems are found. QFa represents a set of question items of a false rule a. 4. Compare the question items. Here, the question items found from the two types of rules are compared for finding key rules. Three cases are considered for finding the key rules: QTa ⊃ QFa , QTa = QFa , and QTa ⊂ QFa. 5. Keep the key rules. Here, the found key rules are kept in the generated table. In Chapter 4, a conceptual design of a supporting system for promoting the introduction of mobile payment systems is described. Target users of the system are marketing planners who want to encourage shop owners to introduce the systems. The mechanism of the system is shown below: 1. Conduct association analysis. Here, the parameters decided by a user are obtained for analyzing the association between shop owners’ mentalities and their decisions of system introduction. 2. Split the association rules. After conducting association analysis, rules with consequent item of introducing the systems and rules with consequent item of not introducing the systems are obtained. 3. Extract key rules. Here, the proposed algorithm is applied for extracting rules indicating the mental gaps by comparing between the two types of rules. In Chapter 5, experimental design is shown and results of the experiment are discussed. In order to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, an experiment was conducted. First, questionnaire surveys were conducted in four areas: Japan, China, Thailand and Taiwan. Second, association analysis was conducted for obtaining two types of rules: rules of introducing mobile payment systems and rules of not introducing the systems. Third, the proposed algorithm for extracting key rules was applied. Then, the extracted key rules were evaluated by three criteria: cost-effectiveness, confidence and coverage. As a result, key rules were extracted from the data of all areas, Japan and China. According to the key rules which have high evaluation values, the following promotion strategies were considered. Among the shop owners of all areas who did not introduce mobile payment systems, 48% of them don’t think that they have necessary equipments for introducing the systems. In order to make them introduce the systems, marketing planners should focus on changing their attitudes towards the required equipments. Among the shop owners of Japan who did not introduce mobile payment systems, 66% of them don’t think that they have necessary equipments for introducing the systems. In order to make them introduce the systems, marketing planners should focus on changing their attitudes towards (1) the required equipments, (2) the required equipments and expected convenience by using the systems, (3) the required equipments and knowledge and (4) the required equipments and expected advantages of using the systems. Among the shop owners of China who did not introduce mobile payment systems, 55% of them are not sure that introducing the systems can make work more convenient, but think that the systems can help to finish the job quickly and the systems can be used together with other payment systems. In order to make them introduce the systems, marketing planners should focus on changing their attitudes towards the expected convenience of using the systems. In Chapter 6, conclusion and future works are shown. The proposed algorithm for extracting key rules and the conceptual design of the system can be applied in various situations by modifying the question items of the questionnaire for data collection. The study summarized in this paper contributes to providing a solution for discovering helpful information by using association analysis from the perspective of shop owners’ mental factors on their decisions of introducing mobile payment systems.doctoral thesi
The Digital Keyword Method in an Analog Classroom
Get PDFThis paper reports on a pilot study that used a one-group pretest-posttest design with 69 Japanese second-year university students who were taught a version of the Keyword Method for remembering vocabulary. A receptive vocabulary test was used as a pre- and posttest measure. Results showed a significant (p < .05) increase in vocabulary scores at the end of the semester, suggesting that an adapted version of the Digital Keyword Method may be an effective way of teaching vocabulary in an analog classroom environment.journal articl
Aerial Edge Computing: Flying Attitude-Aware Collaboration for Multi-UAV
Get PDFWith the continuous innovation in manufacturing, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have gradually become commodities from just professional equipment.
As a universal type, quadrotor UAV allows us to see its potential for applications in multiple fields.
Moreover, in the brand new field of aerial computing, UAVs have started to play a leading role in providing computing services to mobile users.
However, limited by the performance of onboard equipment, we often cannot rely on one UAV to complete complex computing tasks.
This paper first carries out a real-world case study and discovers the importance of flying attitude in applying quadcopter UAVs to achieve aerial edge computing.
Then in designing the collaboration algorithms, we apply Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) to realize the independent operations of UAVs while assisting each other in accomplishing the common goals.
In performance evaluation, we compare the performance of our proposed solution with the existing methods.
Finally, the results show that our MCTS-based algorithm can implement efficient collaboration among UAVs while reducing energy consumption and time cost in providing AEC services.journal articl
モノのインターネットのためのグリーンインテリジェントエッジコンピューティング
Get PDF室蘭工業大学Muroran Institute of Technology博士（工学）application/pdf人工知能（AI）駆動型IoTは、AI分野の深層学習テクノロジーが数十億のIoTデバイスからの膨大な量のデータを効率的に吸収して評価するため、将来のIoTの新たな機会である。ただし、AIタスクを処理するためのエネルギー消費量は、IoT環境の一般的なタスクよりもはるかに高くなる。この論文は、IoTデバイスからのAIタスクを処理する際のエネルギー効率を改善するためのグリーンインテリジェントエッジコンピューティングソリューションを紹介する。IoT向けのグリーンインテリジェントエッジコンピューティングフレームワークの研究には、3つの主要なチャレンジがある。最初のチャレンジは、IoT向けのインテリジェントエッジコンピューティングのインフラストラクチャを構築することである。さらに、提案されたフレームワークのエネルギー消費を最適化するためのスケジューリング戦略も紹介する。2番目のチャレンジは、主に業界のIoT（IIoT）環境におけるインテリジェントエッジコンピューティングフレームワークのエネルギー効率に焦点を当てている。2番目のチャレンジは、エネルギー消費を削減し、AI駆動型IIoTの処理遅延を保証して、深層強化学習ベースのオンラインスケジューリング戦略の効率を示している。最後のチャレンジでは、提案されたインテリジェントエッジコンピューティングフレームワークのアプリケーションを紹介する。これにより、肺がんの早期診断のためのサービス容量が向上できる。Artificial intelligence (AI) driven IoT is an emerging opportunity for the future IoT since the deep learning technology in the AI area efficiently absorbs and assesses the huge amount of data from billions of IoT devices. However, the energy consumption for processing AI tasks is much higher than general tasks in the IoT environment. This dissertation presents a green intelligent edge computing solution to improve the energy efficiency in processing AI tasks from IoT devices. There are three major challenges in work on the green intelligent edge computing framework for IoT. The first challenge is to build the infrastructure of intelligent edge computing for IoT. Moreover, the first challenge also introduces a scheduling strategy to optimize the energy consumption of the proposed framework. The second challenge mainly focuses on the energy efficiency of the intelligent edge computing framework in the industry IoT (IIoT) environment. The second challenge shows the efficiency of a deep reinforcement learning-based online scheduling strategy in reducing the energy consumption and guaranteeing the processing latency for AI-driven IIoT. Finally, the last challenge introduces an application of the proposed intelligent edge computing framework, which improves the service capacity for early lung cancer diagnosis.doctoral thesi