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Zwei Perspektiven, ein Ziel: Integration empirischer Betrachtungen von epistemischen Überzeugungen und Nature of Science zur Erhebung der Ansichten von Schülerinnen und Schülern über die Naturwissenschaften
No full textWhile understanding of students’ views about science is a common goal of research on Epistemic Beliefs (EBs) and nature of science (NOS), both fields are widely separated. In an integrative effort, this thesis comprises two lines of empirical research and a theoretical approach to restructure the field of epistemic aspects in science education. An innovative and inclusive two-dimensional framework is proposed that offers a distinction of research with regard to two continua. The continua unfold between the poles of a collective and individual view and the contexts of professional and school science. The first empirical focus lies on assessing students’ EBs related to professional and school science. The instrument by Conley et al. (2004) was adapted to provide two analogous item sets . In a study with N = 405 secondary school students from grade levels 6, 8 and 10, findings support the distinction between EBs related to professional and school science and generally revealed higher agreement with scales related to professional science as well as higher agreement in higher grade levels. The second empirical focus lies on assessing students’ understandings about the nature of scientific inquiry (NOSI). Using German versions of the Views about Scientific Inquiry questionnaire (VASI; J. S. Lederman et al., 2014), qualitative data were collected in grade levels 4, 7, 12 and from pre-service teachers with a total of N = 307 participants. The results showed that higher educational levels were associated with more sophisticated NOSI understanding. However, participants’ naïve reasoning also suggested that often researchers’ objectivity is overestimated and aspects of subjectivity are underestimated. Finally, implications for science teaching practice, teacher education, professional development, and science education research targeting different levels of the German educational system are discussed
Dieses Alles wie obengemeldet wollen wir von allen und jeden unsern Hofdienern: Der Witwenhofstaat Christines von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
Get PDFChristine von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (geb. von Hessen) residierte nach dem Tod ihres Mannes Adolf I. von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf von 1588 bis 1604 auf ihrem Witwensitz, dem Kieler Schloss. Dort hatte sie mit ihrem Witwenhof einen eigenen Gestaltungsraum, den sie auf der Grundlage ihrer finanziellen Möglichkeiten (resultierend aus der Mitgift) und frei vom Einfluss ihres ehemaligen Ehemannes gestalten konnte. Insbesondere die von Christine erlassene Hofordnung und die Speiseordnung geben Einblicke in das (zumindest diktierte) Leben und die Form ihres Hofes. Dabei wird auch deutlich, dass Individualität ein Kernelement eines jeden (Witwen-)Hofes war.Christine of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (née of Hessen) resided at her widow’s residence, Kiel Castle, from 1588 to 1604 after the death of her husband, Adolf I of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. There, she had her own creative space within her widow’s court, which she was able to shape based on her financial means (resulting from her dower) and free from the influence of her former husband. In particular, the court regulations and the dining rules both issued by Christine provide insights into the (at least dictated) life and form of her court. It also becomes evident that individuality was a core element of every (widow’s) court
Nudging Sustainable Consumer Behavior
Get PDFHumanity is increasingly facing the pressing challenges of today’s interconnected environmental and health crises. Especially, climate change and obesity pose two of the greatest threats to the world population. These threats are exacerbated by the profound impacts of current food production and agricultural practices. For instance, about 26% of global greenhouse gas emissions come from the food supply chain, and about 80% of these emissions are caused by animal agriculture. Additionally, food choices have a strong impact on human health. Due to a diet high in processed and energy-dense foods, 39% of the world’s adult population was overweight or obese in 2016, leading to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, which are among the leading causes of death. Consequently, while food systems have the potential to support environmental sustainability and promote human health, they currently pose a risk to both. Simultaneously,they endanger the implementation of several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 3 (good health & well-being), SDG 12 (responsible consumption & production), and SDG 13 (climate action). As a result, providing a growing world population with healthy diets from sustainable food systems has become one of the main tasks for policy makers and practitioners in the 21st century. Against this background, this dissertation takes a behavioral approach, employing nudging tools such as labels, social norms, and compromise, to encourage sustainable consumer behaviors, particularly food choices. This dissertation entails three independent yet interconnected essays. All essays consider different aspects of the choice architecture, i.e., the socio-informative environment, and investigate its influence on sustainability-related behavioral outcomes, such as climate-friendly choices, animal-friendly choices, and healthy choices
Der Vergleich chirurgischer Zugangswege für den Transkatheter-Aortenklappenersatz (TAVI) über 10 Jahre: eine retrospektive Single Center Studie
Get PDFDie Transkatheter-Aortenklappenimplantation (TAVI) ist eine interventionelle Behandlungsmöglichkeit für Patienten mit einer Aortenklappenstenose. Während sie früher nur älteren, multimorbiden Patienten angeboten wurde, wird sie heute auch für jüngere Niederigrisiko-Patienten diskutiert. Die transfemorale TAVI gilt als First-Line Methode, wobei 10-20% der Patienten aufgrund von Begleiterkrankungen, wie z.B. einer pAVK alternative chirurgische Zugangswege erfordern. Unsere Studie aus Kiel verglich drei chirurgische TAVI-Zugangswege (transaortal, transapikal, parasternal) anhand von 10 Jahres-Daten unseres TAVI-Registers. Insgesamt konnte so ein 609 Patienten umfassendes Patientenkollektiv retrospektiv untersucht werden. Aufgrund der unterschiedlich großen Gruppengrößen (306, 271, 32 Patienten) und Risikoprofilen wurde ein 1:1:1 Prospensity Score Matching nach LogEuroSCORE I durchgeführt. Die parasternale Methode, welche am UkSH in Kiel erstmals 2018 Verwendung fand, zeigte Tendenzen zur Überlegenheit, insbesondere in der 30-Tage-Mortalität (6,3% vs. 7,2% vs. 12,5%). Wundinfektionen traten am häufigsten bei Patienten nach transapikaler TAVI auf (2,8%). Die parasternale Methode zeigte die niedrigste Notwendigkeit für eine Nachbeatmung (25,0% vs TAO 31,3% vs TA 58,6%) und ein Nachdehnen der implantierten Klappe (6,7% vs. 43% bei TAO vs. 28,1% bei TA). Obwohl die Prozedurendauer bei parasternalen Eingriffen signifikant länger war, war der Kontrastmittelverbrauch im Median am geringsten (69 ml; p=0,071). Die 1-Jahres-Überlebensraten zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Zugängen (66% vs. TAO 72% vs. TA 70%), aber nach zehn Monaten lag die parasternale Methode deutlich vorne (80% vs. TAO 74% vs. TA 73%). Weitere Studien mit größeren Patientenkohorten und multizentrischem Ansatz sind zur Bekräftigung unserer Ergebnisse erforderlich
Tryptophan Coordinates cGAS/STING Signaling in the Intestinal Epithelium
Get PDFInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by a breakdown of the intestinal barrier function and a dysregulated inflammatory response to the microbiota for which currently no cure is available. Disease activity of IBD patients was previously found to negatively correlate with serum levels of the essential amino acid Tryptophan (Trp), which is known to play a regulatory role in the intestine and in immunity. Pathogens can be sensed via cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) / stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an innate immune sensor complex involved in the detection of both foreign and self double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) resulting in type I interferon (IFN) production. The present work shows that intracellular Trp differentially coordinates immune responses in enterocytes. In experiments employing the murine enterocytic cell line ModeK, it was shown that Trp starvation augmented the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation. However, Trp starvation markedly impaired cGAS/STING activation and subsequent IFN I induction. This effect was attributed to a reduction in STING protein levels, which was dependent on protein translation
Fetale Cholesterolsynthesemetabolite bei der Intrauterinen Wachstumsrestriktion
Get PDFBei der Intrauterinen Wachstumsrestriktion erreicht der Fetus sein genetisch vorgegebenes Wachstumspotenzial nicht. Obwohl diese Erkrankung bis zu 8 % der Schwangerschaften verkompliziert, konnte die Pathogenese bisher nicht endgültig geklärt werden. In vorangegangenen Arbeiten wurden erniedrigte Cholesterolspiegel im Blut wachstumsrestringierter im Vergleich zu normotrophen Feten festgestellt. Mit dem Ziel die fetale Rolle in der Entstehung der Intrauterinen Wachstumsrestriktion zu beleuchten, entstand die vorliegende Arbeit auf dem Boden der Hypothese, dass eine reduzierte fetale Cholesterolsyntheserate ursächlich für die niedrige Cholesterolkonzentration ist
Weiß, männlich, gebildet: Die »un/sichtbaren« Normen des filiopietistischen Intellektualismus
Get PDFDer Beitrag widmet sich dem New Orleanser Deutschamerikaner J. Hanno Deiler, in dessen Handeln und Intellektualismus, so die These, maßgeblich die »un/sichtbaren Normen« des Weißseins, Männlichseins und Gebildsein eingeschrieben waren und sich mit westlich-aufklärerischen) bildungselitären Normativitäten und Hegemonialitäten verschränkten. Der Beitrag folgt dementsprechend den Spuren des Gelehrten, Musikers und Pädagogen Deiler und legt so die »un/sichtbaren Normen« eines intellektuellen Weißseins offen. Auf diesem Wege werden nicht nur die Überlegungen Richard Hofstadters zum Anti-/Intellektualismus in der amerikanischen Geschichte einer Prüfung unterzogen, vielmehr lassen sich auch die jüngsten Forschungen von Historiker:innen wie Heike Bungert (2017) ergänzen und die Perspektive auf die deutschamerikanischen Akteure des späten 19. Jahrhunderts weiter differenzieren.The article focuses on the German-American J. Hanno Deiler of New Orleans. It is argued that Deiler’s actions and intellectualism were led by the »invisible norms« of whiteness, masculinity, and education, and that they were intertwined with the normativities and hegemonialities of Western Enlightenment education. The article reveals the »invisible norms« of intellectual whiteness by examining the traces of the scholar, musician, and educator Deiler. In this way, not only Richard Hofstadter’s reflections on anti-/intellectualism in American history are put to the test, but also the latest research by historians such as Heike Bungert (2017) can be complemented and the perspective on German-American actors of the late 19th century can be further differentiated
POEMA 2.2024
Get PDFPOEMA is a comparative yearbook dedicated to the systematic study of poetry and lyric poetry. It is aimed at scholars from all fields of philology as well as other fields of research concerned with different art forms and philosophical aesthetics. The second issue brings together contributions dedicated to the topic of ›poetry as social practice‹. They examine the relationship between genre and practice theory as well as various uses of poetry and make suggestions as to how a practice theory of poetry could be modelled.POEMA est une revue annuelle comparatiste consacrée à l’étude systématique de la poésie et du poème. Elle s’adresse aux spécialistes de toutes les philologies ainsi qu’à celles et ceux des sciences qui s’occupent d’autres formes d’art et d’esthétique philosophique. Le deuxième numéro rassemble des contributions consacrées au thème de la « poésie en tant que pratique sociale ». Elles examinent la relation entre la théorie des genres et la théorie de la pratique, ainsi que les différentes usages de la poésie, et font des suggestions sur la manière dont une théorie de la pratique de la poésie pourrait être modélisée.POEMA ist ein komparatistisch angelegtes Jahrbuch, das sich der systematischen Erforschung von Lyrik und Gedicht widmet. Es richtet sich an Fachwissenschaftlerinnen und Fachwissenschaftler aller Philologien wie auch der mit anderen Kunstformen befassten Wissenschaften und der philosophischen Ästhetik. Das zweite Heft versammelt Beiträge, die sich dem Themenfeld ›Lyrik als soziale Praxis‹ widmen. Sie beleuchten das Verhältnis von Gattungs- und Praxistheorie sowie verschiedene Praktiken der Lyrik und machen Vorschläge, wie eine Praxistheorie der Lyrik zu modellieren wäre
Human APOE4 Protects High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet Fed Targeted Replacement Mice against Fatty Liver Disease Compared to APOE3
Get PDFRecent genome- and exome-wide association studies suggest that the human APOE ε4 allele protects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while ε3 promotes hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis. The present study aimed at examining the APOE genotype-dependent development of fatty liver disease and its underlying mechanisms in a targeted replacement mouse model. Male mice expressing the human APOE3 or APOE4 protein isoforms on a C57BL/6J background and unmodified C57BL/6J mice were chronically fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet to induce obesity. After 7 months, body weight gain was more pronounced in human APOE than endogenous APOE expressing mice with elevated plasma biomarkers suggesting aggravated metabolic dysfunction. APOE3 mice exhibited the highest liver weights and, compared to APOE4, massive hepatic steatosis. An untargeted quantitative proteome analysis of the liver identified a high number of proteins differentially abundant in APOE3 versus APOE4 mice. The majority of the higher abundant proteins in APOE3 mice could be grouped to inflammation and damage-associated response, and lipid storage, amongst others. Results of the targeted qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses contribute to the overall finding that APOE3 as opposed to APOE4 promotes hepatic steatosis, inflammatory- and damage-associated response signaling and fibrosis in the liver of obese mice. Our experimental data substantiate the observation of an increased NAFLD-risk associated with the human APOEε3 allele, while APOEε4 appears protective. The underlying mechanisms of the protection possibly involve a higher capacity of nonectopic lipid deposition in subcutaneous adipose tissue and lower hepatic pathogen recognition in the APOE4 mice
MicroRNAs constitute an additional layer in plant response to simultaneous bio‐ and abiotic stresses as exemplified by UV‐B radiation and flg22‐treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana
Get PDFPlants are confronted with various environmental stresses and develop sophisticated adaptive mechanisms. Our previous work demonstrated that the crosstalk of flg22 and ultraviolet (UV)-B-induced signalling cascades reprograms the expression of flavonol pathway genes (FPGs), benefiting plant defence responses. Although several transcription factors have been identified to be involved in this crosstalk, the underlying mechanism is largely unclear. Here, we analyzed microRNAs (miRNAs) and identified 126, 129 and 113 miRNAs with altered abundances compared to untreated control in flg22-, UV-B- and flg22/UV-B-treated seedlings, respectively. Two distinct modules were identified: The first consists of 10 miRNAs repressed by UV-B but up-regulated by flg22, and the second with five miRNAs repressed by flg22 but up-regulated by UV-B. In Arabidopsis, the knockdown of miR858a, a representative of module I, increased the abundance of CHS (a marker gene for FPGs), whereas its overexpression reduced CHS. Conversely, knockout of miR164b from module II decreased CHS and its overexpression increased CHS transcript levels. These data suggest a decisive role of miRNAs in the crosstalk. In the next, we described the interaction between miR858a and its target MYB111 (a positive regulator of FPGs) from module I in detail. We showed that MYB111 was profoundly post-transcriptionally regulated by miR858a during the crosstalk, whose expression was specifically but antagonistically controlled by UVR8- and FLS2-mediated signallings. Moreover, transcriptional monitoring using the GUS reporter gene demonstrates that miRNA-mediated posttranscriptional regulation is the main driving force in reprogramming the expression of FPGs and regulates plant adaptation to multiple concurrent environmental stresses