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Mehrdeutige Wörter in Übersetzung: das Problem der mehrdeutigen Wortbildungsformen
Get PDFIn diesem Aufsatz wird das Problem der Übersetzung von mehrdeutigen Wortbildungsformen thematisiert. Dabei wird das Problem am Beispiel der deutschen Komposita aus zwei Adjektiven dargestellt. Das Ziel der durchgeführten Analyse ist, die möglichen Übersetzungsweisen festzustellen sowie die Verschiebungen zwischen den Ausgangs- und Zieltexten zu bestimmen.This paper deals with the problem of translating ambiguous word-forms. The problem is illustrated by the example of German compounds of two adjectives. The aim of the analysis is to determine the possible ways of translation and the shifts between the source and target texts
Die Integration von Anglizismen in das zeitgenössische Russisch – Eine Korpusanalyse
Get PDFWie in vielen anderen Sprachen auch, sind zahlreiche Bereiche der russischen Sprache aufgrund der Sonderstellung des Englischen als Lingua franca von der Anglifizierung betroffen. Der Artikel beschreibt, wie die in einem Korpus gefundenen Anglizismen auf graphischer, morphologischer und semantischer Ebene in die russische Sprache integriert werden. Dabei werden alle Wortarten sowie alle Möglichkeiten der Übernahme von Lehngut berücksichtigtAs in many other languages, numerous areas of the Russian language are affected by Anglicization due to the special position of English as a lingua franca. The article describes how Anglicisms found in a corpus are integrated into the Russian language at the graphical, morphological, and semantic levels. All parts of speech, as well as all possibilities of borrowing, are taken into account
Einfluss einer der Tiefen Hirnstimulation vergleichbaren elektrischen Stimulation auf Zellen des zentralen Nervensystems
Get PDFZielsetzung: Die Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) ist ein neurochirurgisches Therapieverfahren für verschiedene Bewegungsstörungen. Es wird angenommen, dass der Effekt teilweise auf einer Beeinflussung inflammatorischer Prozesse im zentralen Nervensystem beruhen könnte. Um diesen Effekt genauer zu untersuchen, etablierten wir in dieser Studie ein in vitro Modell zur Tiefen Hirnstimulation und analysierten den Einfluss elektrischer Stimulation auf verschiedene Zelle des zentralen Nervensystems. Methoden: In Anlehnung an die Therapiebedingungen bei THS-Patient*innen, entwickelten wir ein Modell, um SVGA- (Astrozyten), HMC3- (Mikroglia) und SH-SY5Y-Zellen (differenzierte Neurone) elektrisch zu stimulieren. Weiterführend stimulierten wir die benannten Zelllinien mit dem ISIS Neurostimulator für 24 Stunden mit einer Stromstärke von 0,5 mA und analysierten den Effekt auf die Expression bestimmter Zytokine und Chemokine (CXCL12, CXCL16, CCL2, CCL20, IL-1β, IL-6) mittels quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qrtPCR). Ergebnisse: Das in vitro Modell zur Tiefen Hirnstimulation konnte erfolgreich etabliert werden. Die elektrische Stimulation führte zu einer signifikanten Induktion der CXCL12-Expression in den SVGA-Zellen und zu einer deutlich erkennbaren, aber nicht-signifikanten IL-1β-Expression in den SH-SY5Y-Zellen. Dieser Effekt konnte durch eine immunzytochemische Färbung mit CXCL12- und IL-1β-Antikörpern verifiziert werden. Fazit: Der Wirkmechanismus der Tiefen Hirnstimulation scheint sehr komplex und ihr Einfluss auf die Expression von Zyto- und Chemokinen sollte weiterführend untersucht werden. Das etablierte Modell und die gewonnenen Ergebnisse tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis von Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen der THS bei
Robust Stability Analysis of Grid-Forming Converter-Dominated Grids Using Grey-Box Modelling Approach
Get PDFIn recent years, continuous efforts have been made for the modelling and stability analysis of converter-dominated grids. Ensuring stability in converter-dominated grids presents a unique challenge, primarily due to the manufacturers’ intellectual property (IP) protections. Determining the robust stability boundary of a grid incorporating converters from various manufacturers remains an area requiring extensive research. Recently, a grey-box modelling approach for studying interoperability has been proposed in the literature. However, the existing methodology is solely suitable for grid-following converters. This study bridges the gap by proposing a GFM converters model which aligns with the methodology for analysing the interoperability of GFL converters. The model is designed to represent a range of control system implementations across different manufacturers. Using robust control theory, this approach assesses the grid’s stability margin and sensitivity analysis of the control loops under various conditions considering a single GFM converter. The results are validated both analytically and through real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests to demonstrate the model accuracy in predicting robust stability margin and sensitivity of the control loops in GFM converter-dominated grids
Silicone Fiducial Markers Improve Precision in Uveal Melanoma Radiation Therapy
Get PDFObjectives: Accurate target definition, treatment planning and delivery increases local tumor control for radiotherapy by minimizing collateral damage. To achieve this goal for uveal melanoma (UM), tantalum fiducial markers (TFMs) were previously introduced in proton and photon beam radiotherapy. However, TFMs cause pronounced scattering effects in imaging that make the delineation of small tumors difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate silicone fiducial markers (SFMs) for the guiding of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for UM. Methods: In this retrospective interventional pilot case series, three patients with small UMs 3 mm or less in tumor thickness and ≤10 mm in largest basal diameter received silicone fiducial markers. The fiducial markers were punched out (3 mm) from conventional silicone encircling bands for buckle surgery. The markers were sutured onto the sclera at the tumor margins according to the use of TFMs. MRI and CT images were used for the localization of the tumor and the markers before robotic-guided SRS. Results: The silicone fiducial markers were punched out easily from the original band, better to handle than TFMs and easy to suture onto the sclera. They could be visualized in both MRI and CT, but were more visible in CT. In the absence of scattering effects, both the markers and thus the tumor boundaries could be clearly delineated. Conclusions: This is the first report that introduces fiducial markers intraoperatively shaped from conventional silicone encircling bands usually used for retinal detachment surgery. The SFMs allow more accurate tumor delineation, resulting in the more precise planning and administration of SRS when compared to TFMs. This simple modification has a major impact on a well-known treatment approach
Das Outcome von über 75-jährigen Patienten nach elektivem Ersatz der Aorta ascendens im hypothermen Kreislaufstillstand
Get PDFEingriffe an der thorakalen Aorta, insbesondere der Aorta ascendens, bleiben trotz des Fortschrittes in der chirurgischen und anästhesiologischen Technik, komplikationsträchtig. Alter erscheint klassischerweise mit einem höheren Risiko für neurologische Komplikationen jeglicher Art assoziert zu sein. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden 131 Patienten, die elektiv an der Aorta ascendens operiert wurden, in zwei Gruppen (ältere und jüngere Gruppe) aufgeteilt. Zusammenfassend zeigte sich, dass eine Operation an der Aorta ascendens bei einem älteren Patienten nach einer ausführlichen Risiko-Nutzen-Abwägung unter Einsatz der zerebralen Hirnprotektion mittels eines hypothermen Kreislaufstillstandes mit einem akzeptablen Kurzzeit-Ergebnis durchführbar ist
Enhanced extreme sea level information for flood risk assessments along the German Baltic coast
Get PDFAccurate assessments of flood risk are vital for efficient adaptation to extreme sea level (ESL) induced coastal floods. A major source of uncer- tainty surrounding coastal flood risk are those associated with the estima- tion of ESLs and their probabilities. Given limited sea level observations, uncertainty is an inherent feature of ESL estimation — leading to misallo- cated resources, higher adaptation costs, reduced flood risk mitigation, or even counterproductive outcomes if ignored. Nevertheless, statistical and numerical techniques can enhance available sea level information, adding greater value to flood risk assessments and enabling more efficient adapta- tion planning. This dissertation explores a number of techniques to provide enhanced ESL information for coastal flood risk along the German Baltic Sea coast. Specifically, this thesis (1) models ESL hydrographs, simulating not only the peak water level of extreme events but also their temporal evolution, (2) incorporates historical information into the analysis of ESLs to improve estimates of ESLs, and (3) demonstrates how these enhanced in- formation can be used to perform probabilistic flood modelling, providing a comprehensive assessment of flood exposure
Load distribution among legs and kinematics of striding and turning in water striders: Impact of leg loss on locomotory behavior
Get PDFWater striders traverse the water–air interface by harnessing surface tension, which effectively supports their body weight. To maintain buoyancy, they continuously adjust their leg positions, with midlegs generating thrust and the other legs providing support. This precise coordination allows for smooth, gentle striding, enabling them to swiftly navigate obstacles—an essential capability for exploring their habitat and evading threats. Stability is critical for water striders, but leg damage can severely impair their movement. Our study examines how load distribution changes after amputation, revealing that amputees regain stability by adjusting leg positions and redistributing weight. However, amputations lead to steering failures, altered motion, shorter travel distances, and greater deviations from their intended path, as the legs functionally interact, making the loss of one leg detrimental to the others. We also investigate the intricate coordination required for water striders to initiate and sustain turns, emphasizing the pivotal role of midlegs in directional control. Through analyzing leg accelerations, decelerations, and load distribution, we uncover the dynamics behind turns, including the use of reverse sculling as a novel escape tactic. This research not only deepens our understanding of aquatic locomotion but also provides insights that could inspire the design of more efficient and agile aquatic robots
Deep-sea polymetallic nodules spatial modelling with machine learning algorithms and benthic plume monitoring
Get PDFThis dissertation studies a) the spatial distribution of deep-sea polymetallic nodules using autonomous underwater vehicle data, including multibeam echosounder data, seafloor images, and photomosaics, which provide a m-to-mm spatial resolution that enables detailed geomorphological analysis and image-derived estimations of polymetallic nodule coverage. Multi-model machine learning approaches, including generalised linear models, generalised additive models, random forests, support vector machines, and neural networks, are used to link the different datasets. They predict well (R² > 0.7) for geographical areas where correlations between the response variable and predictors exist, the spatial autocorrelation is isolated from the model training, and the training data ensure an adequate representation of the feature space. Quasi-linear, monotonic, and nonlinear relationships between nodule coverage and spatial predictors were identified using interpretable machine learning tools, such as variable importance and partial dependence plots. b) the deep-sea mining-induced benthic plumes, showing that they initially spread as a high-density turbidity current, with little to no mixing with the ambient water. The turbidity current is channelled through steeper seafloor sections (> 3°), increasing the propagation distance outside the mining site. After the weakening of the turbidity current dynamics, a passive transfer of suspended particles by bottom currents continues to transport fine-grained particles. The suspended particulate matter concentration (mg L-1) decreases rapidly with distance and altitude, reaching almost at background levels at the end of the monitored area, 4.5 km away. Particle flocculation results in sediment redeposition over short distances (< 500 m) from the mining site. Within the mining site, a mm-resolution seafloor photomosaic reveals sediment redeposition of 3 cm and seafloor erosion of a min. 5 cm
Occurrence and diagnostic of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mammary infection
Get PDFBovine mastitis is a major problem with huge economic losses in dairy farming worldwide. One of the most common pathogens is Staphylococcus aureus, which is highly contagious and often spread during milking. A sanitation of a dairy herd can be challenging particularly in terms of diagnostics, because of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in milk. The observation of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in longitudinal studies and applied detection methods were reviewed in this study. Categorization of detection methods is used to describe the basic influence of intermittent shedding on sensitivity of diagnostic of each category. The laboratory diagnostic methods evaluated have a wide range regarding the detection limit (40 cfu/mL-106 cfu/mL). A low detection limit is essential for the detection of even chronically infected cows with intermittent shedding of the pathogen. The literature overview shows that only a few studies (n = 6) examined occurrence of intermittent shedding of Staphylococcus aureus in milk at cow level. A detection-free period of ≤ 0.5-1 d was only observed in 3 studies