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Empirical Findings on Historical Learning in Special Needs Education
Get PDFThe paper explores how historical learning is organized under inclusive conditions, particularly focusing on students with disabilities. Despite the increasing importance of inclusion in history education, empirical research in this area remains limited. Most studies, primarily from German-speaking countries, focus on students with intellectual disabilities. Research has shown that even students with severe intellectual impairments can engage in historical thinking and orientation from a biographical perspective. However, there is a notable lack of research on historical learning for other disabilities such as visual or hearing impairments. Inclusive research projects highlight the value of cultural participation and self-representation in reconstructing history. Teachers’ perspectives indicate challenges in implementing complex demands for students with intellectual disabilities, often necessitating simplified instructional methods. International studies suggest that direct instruction and non-textual forms of learning can be particularly effective for students with intellectual disabilities. Methods such as project-based learning, classroom debates and personalised approaches that relate historical content to students’ own experiences have shown promise. Language-sensitive history teaching, including the use of plain language and strategies to reduce linguistic complexity, also supports historical learning, although it can sometimes be seen as discriminatory if not handled in a participatory manner.Der Beitrag untersucht, wie historisches Lernen unter inklusiven Bedingungen organisiert wird, und konzentriert sich dabei insbesondere auf Schüler mit Behinderungen. Trotz der zunehmenden Bedeutung der Inklusion im Geschichtsunterricht ist die empirische Forschung in diesem Bereich noch begrenzt. Die meisten Studien, vor allem aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum, konzentrieren sich auf Schülerinnen und Schüler mit geistigen Behinderungen. Die Forschung hat gezeigt, dass auch Schülerinnen und Schüler mit schweren intellektuellen Beeinträchtigungen in der Lage sind, historisch zu denken und sich in einer biographischen Perspektive zu orientieren. Es gibt jedoch einen bemerkenswerten Mangel an Forschung zum historischen Lernen bei anderen Behinderungen wie Seh- oder Hörbehinderungen. Inklusionsforschungsprojekte betonen den Wert der kulturellen Teilhabe und der Selbstdarstellung bei der Rekonstruktion von Geschichte. Die Sichtweise der Lehrenden zeigt, dass die Umsetzung komplexer Anforderungen für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit geistigen Behinderungen eine Herausforderung darstellt und oft vereinfachte Unterrichtsmethoden erforderlich macht. Internationale Studien deuten darauf hin, dass direkter Unterricht und nichttextliche Lernformen für Schülerinnen und Schüler mit geistigen Behinderungen besonders effektiv sein können. Methoden wie projektbasiertes Lernen, Debatten in der Klasse und personalisierte Ansätze, die historische Inhalte mit den eigenen Erfahrungen in Verbindung bringen, haben sich als vielversprechend erwiesen. Sprachsensibler Geschichtsunterricht, einschließlich der Verwendung einfacher Sprache und Strategien zur Reduzierung der sprachlichen Komplexität, unterstützt ebenfalls das historische Lernen, obwohl er manchmal als diskriminierend empfunden werden kann, wenn er nicht entsprechend gehandhabt wird
Bridging History and Special Education: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Historical Thinking and Disabilities
Get PDFThis anthology, based on an international conference held 2023 at the University of Cologne, brings together contributions to the ongoing international discourse on inclusive education and the challenges and potentials of inclusive history teaching. It highlights the need to expand the concept of inclusion beyond a narrow focus on disability. At the same time, it seeks to demonstrate how expertise in special education can enrich the discourses in history education. Aiming to foster interdisciplinary dialogue and mutual learning among researchers and practitioners from different countries and backgrounds, the volume contributes to the theoretical refinement, empirical foundation, and practical development of inclusive approaches to history education.Der Sammelband, der auf eine internationale Tagung an der Universität zu Köln im Jahr 2023 zurückgeht, vereint Beiträge zum laufenden internationalen Diskurs über inklusive Bildung sowie die Herausforderungen und Potenziale des inklusiven Geschichtsunterrichts. Er unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit, das Verständnis von Inklusion über den Fokus auf Behinderung hinaus zu erweitern. Gleichzeitig wird deutlich, dass sonderpädagogische Expertise und Ansätze auch den geschichtsdidaktischen Diskurs bereichern können. Mit dem Ziel, den interdisziplinären Dialog und das gegenseitige Lernen zwischen Forschenden und Praktiker*innen aus verschiedenen Ländern und mit unterschiedlichen Hintergründen zu fördern, soll der Band zur theoretischen Verfeinerung, empirischen Untermauerung und praktischen Entwicklung von inklusiven Ansätzen in der Geschichtsbildung beitragen
The Use of the Czech National Corpus in the Analysis of Russicisms in Czech
Get PDFDas Tschechische Nationalcorpus zeigt die unterschiedlichen Formen der tschechischen Sprache und bietet eine Reihe nützlicher Tools um linguistische Phänomene, Textarten oder Wortbeziehungen zu suchen, zu vergleichen und zu analysieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird das Korpus anhand einer Frequenzanalyse von Russizismen im Tschechischen im Zeitraum von 1998 bis 2021 vorgestellt.The Czech National Corpus maps the various forms of the Czech language and offers useful tools for searching, comparing and analysing linguistic phenomena, text types or relationships between words. In this paper, we will introduce this unique tool and demonstrate the possibilities of its use through a frequency analysis of the occurrence of russicisms in Czech in the period from 1998 to 2021
Slavische Welt(en) im Umbruch: Einzeldarstellungen zu Ehren von Norbert Nübler
Get PDFDer Sammelband zu Ehren Norbert Nüblers enthält Beiträge zu unterschiedlichen Themen aus dem Bereich der Slavia. Eine erste Rubrik versammelt Beiträge zu »Grammatischen Fragestellungen«, die den Verbalaspekt in den slavischen Sprachen, Verbalsubstantive sowie Fragen der Lexik behandeln. Eine zweite Rubrik ist grenzüberschreitenden Fragen zu »Literatur und Sprache in slavischen (Nachbar-)Ländern« gewidmet, während sich eine dritte Rubrik mit der »Slavistik im Wandel der Zeit« befasst. Anhand der unterschiedlichen Beiträge macht der Sammelband nicht nur das breite Spektrum der Slavistik erkenn-, sondern zugleich die vielfältigen theoretischen und methodologischen Ansätze des Faches sichtbar.The anthology in honour of Norbert Nübler contains articles on various topics from the field of Slavia. A first section brings together contributions on »Grammatical Issues«, which deal with the verbal aspect in the Slavic languages, verbal nouns and questions of lexis. A second section is dedicated to cross-border questions on »Literature and language in Slavic (neighbouring) countries«, while a third section deals with »Slavic studies in the course of time«. The various contributions in this anthology not only reveal the broad spectrum of Slavic studies, but also highlight the diverse theoretical and methodological approaches of the subject
Liebeslyrik und Gesellschaftskritik?: Regime des Kapitalismus bei Kurt Drawert und Durs Grünbein
No full textAktuelle Liebeslyrik wird jenseits der Geschlechterordnungen selten in politischer oder gesellschaftlicher Perspektive untersucht. Der vorliegende Beitrag lädt mit aktuellen soziologischen Theorien dazu ein, dies am Beispiel der Poesie von Kurt Drawert und Durs Grünbein zu überdenken. Obwohl die beiden DDR- sozialisierten Schriftsteller nach 1989/90 nicht prominent politisch hervorgetreten sind, wird in ihrer Lyrik eine Verwobenheit von romantischen und sexuellen Beziehungen mit gesellschaftlichen Strukturen sichtbar, die eine Kritik am Kapitalismus der Spätmoderne deutlich hervortreten lässt.Contemporary love poetry is rarely analysed from a political or social perspective beyond the gender order. This paper uses current sociological theories to invite readers to reconsider this, using the poetry of Kurt Drawert and Durs Grünbein as an example. Although the two GDR-socialised writers did not make a prominent political appearance after 1989/90, their poetry reveals an interweaving of romantic and sexual relationships with social structures, which allows a critique of late modern capitalism to emerge clearly.La poésie amoureuse contemporaine est rarement analysée sous un angle politique ou social, au-delà de la question du genre. Cet article s’appuie sur des théories sociologiques actuelles pour inviter à une relecture en ce sens, en prenant pour exemple la poésie de Kurt Drawert et Durs Grünbein. Bien que ces deux auteurs, socialisés en RDA, ne se soient pas distingués par une prise de position politique marquante après 1989/90, leur poésie révèle un enchevêtrement des relations romantiques et sexuelles avec les structures sociales, permettant ainsi de formuler une critique explicite du capitalisme de la modernité tardive
Prevention of Obesity among Adults: Evidence- and Consensus-Based Guideline
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of obesity is rising globally. Evidence-informed guidance on preventing obesity is needed, but most existing obesity guidelines are focussed on treatment. Methods We developed an evidence- and consensus-based guideline on the prevention of obesity among adults. Following international best practice recommendations for guideline development, we systematically searched for relevant systematic reviews and conducted a structured consensus process involving 34 experts including 5 patient representatives. The guideline's target group is the adult population of Germany, but most recommendations are likely to be applicable internationally. Results We developed 24 recommendations for the general public, health care professionals, and policy makers. The guideline recommends, among others, a healthy diet in line with existing food-based dietary guidelines, regular physical activity, as well as appropriate sleep and stress management. Smoking cessation is recommended even when associated with weight gain. Offering qualified advice and counselling on diet and physical activity to all individuals in primary care is suggested. Potential effects of medication on body weight should be considered in prescription decisions. Implementation of evidence-informed policies for promoting healthy food and physical activity environments is recommended. Conclusions Evidence-based approaches for preventing obesity on the individual and societal levels exist and should be implemented more widely.
Rising direct medical costs of osteoarthritis in Germany from 2002 to 2020: trends, demographic drivers, and public health considerations
Get PDFAs a major chronic disease Osteoarthritis (OA) poses a substantial clinical and economic challenge, especially in aging societies. Worldwide the economic burden of OA is significant, however data on related healthcare costs in Germany remain limited. With mounting financial pressures, identifying key cost drivers in healthcare is becoming increasingly vital. This study offers a novel quantification of Germany's direct medical OA costs, examining demographic trends, and exploring implications for healthcare planning and policy in an international context. In 2020, diseases of the musculoskeletal system accounted for 10% of Germany's direct healthcare costs, with osteoarthritis being one of the leading contributors to this economic burden. OA-related costs rose from €8.6 billion in 2015 to €12.1 billion in 2020 (+41%), particularly among older adults. While costs declined in those under 45, they increased by 17% in those aged 45-65, 32% in those aged 65-85, and 99% in those over 85. Inpatient and semi-inpatient costs rose by 32%, reaching €6.6 billion, driven by nursing care, which nearly doubled between 2015 and 2020. Outpatient OA costs totaled €3.4 billion in 2020, with outpatient nursing showing the sharpest rise (+85%). Gender-specific differences were substantial: women incurred 70% of total costs, with higher shares in nursing care, while men had relatively higher expenditures in hospital and rehabilitation settings. [...]. Inpatient and nursing care have emerged as the primary cost drivers. In a European comparison, Germany ranks among the countries with the highest OA-related direct medical costs. These findings underscore the urgent need for osteoarthritis-specific public health strategies focused on prevention, individualized conservative treatments, and gender-sensitive care models to ensure the long-term sustainability of healthcare systems in aging societies
Reconstruction of South China Sea Deep Water Salinity During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)
Get PDFReconstructing the deep water salinity during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 26.5~19 ka BP), corresponding to Marine Isotope Stage 2, the most recent and coldest period, is crucial for understanding glacial deep ocean circulation variation and its effect on the climate. The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the largest marginal seas in the western Pacific Ocean, where LGM deep water salinity reconstruction remains unexplored. This study employs pore water [Cl−] profiles acquired from boreholes of Site U1499 of IODP Expedition 367 and Sites U1431 and U1433 of IODP Expedition 349 to reconstruct the LGM salinity in the deep SCS. Utilizing a one-dimensional diffusion-advection numerical model, the LGM salinity of the deep northern SCS is determined to be 35.68 ± 0.04 g/kg, and that of the deep central SCS is 35.61 ± 0.03 g/kg, revealing an intra-basin salinity gradient of ~0.07 g/kg. LGM salinity gradients within the SCS were reduced relative to modern ones, indicating attenuated deep circulation within the SCS during the LGM. Furthermore, a diminished salinity gradient (Δ = 0.02 g/kg) across the Luzon Strait between the SCS and Pacific and an enhanced vertical stratification between Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) and Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW) collectively support a sluggish deep Pacific circulation during the LGM
Intensity-Modulated Interventional Radiotherapy (Modern Brachytherapy) Using 3D-Printed Applicators with Multilayer Geometry and High-Density Shielding Materials for the NMSC Treatment
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: This study investigates the dosimetric impact of a 3D-printed applicator integrating multilayer catheter geometry and high-density shielding, designed for contact interventional radiotherapy (IRT) in non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment. The aim is to assess its potential to enhance target coverage and reduce doses in organs at risk (OARs). Methods: A virtual prototype of a multilayer applicator was designed using 3D modeling software and realized through fused deposition modeling. Dosimetric simulations were performed using both TG-43 and TG-186 formalisms on CT scans of a water-equivalent phantom. A five-catheter array was reconstructed, and lead-cadmium-based alloy shielding of varying thicknesses (3-15 mm) was contoured. [...] . Results: Compared to TG-43, the TG-186 algorithm yielded lower OAR doses while maintaining comparable CTV coverage. Progressive increase in shielding thickness led to improved V95% and V100% values and a notable reduction in OAR dose, with an optimal trade-off observed between 6 and 9 mm of shielding. The TW remained above 7 mm across all configurations, supporting its use in lesions thicker than conventional guidelines recommend. Conclusions: The integration of multilayer catheter geometry with high-density shielding in a customizable 3D-printed applicator enables enhanced dose modulation and OAR sparing in superficial IRT. This approach represents a step toward personalized brachytherapy, aligning with the broader movement in radiation oncology toward patient-specific solutions, adaptive planning, and precision medicine. Future directions should include prototyping and mechanical testing of the applicator, experimental dosimetric validation in phantoms, and pilot clinical feasibility studies to translate these promising in silico results into clinical practice
Using Genetic Algorithms for Research Software Structure Optimization
Get PDFOur goal is to generate restructuring recommendations for research software systems based on software architecture descriptions that were obtained via reverse engineering. We reconstructed these software architectures via static and dynamic analysis methods in the reverse engineering process. To do this, we combined static and dynamic analysis for call relationships and dataflow into a hierarchy of six analysis methods. For generating optimal restructuring recommendations, we use genetic algorithms, which optimize the module structure. For optimizing the modularization, we use coupling and cohesion metrics as fitness functions. We applied these methods to Earth System Models to test their efficacy. In general, our results confirm the applicability of genetic algorithms for optimizing the module structure of research software. Our experiments show that the analysis methods have a significant impact on the optimization results. A specific observation from our experiments is that the pure dynamic analysis produces significantly better modularizations than the optimizations based on the other analysis methods that we used for reverse engineering. Furthermore, a guided, interactive optimization with a domain expert’s feedback improves the modularization recommendations considerably. For instance, cohesion is improved by 57% with guided optimization