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Intersektionalität und Biologieunterricht: Fachdidaktische Verortungen und ein exemplarisches Lehr- und Lernsetting
Get PDFIn dem Beitrag werden Möglichkeiten für eine intersektionale Ausrichtung der Fachdidaktik Biologie erörtert. Zunächst wird der Status quo betrachtet, schlaglichtartig werden aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Fachwissenschaft Biologie sowie im Fachkanon der Biologiedidaktik beleuchtet. Anschließend wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Themenstellungen von Diskriminierung und sozialen Ungerechtigkeiten kompetenzorientiert in die Fachspezifik implementiert werden können. Konkretisiert wird dies exemplarisch anhand eines didaktischen Lehr- und Lernsettings zum humanbiologischen Thema Menstruation.This chapter explores possibilities for an intersectional approach in biology education. First, the status quo is examined, highlighting current developments in the discipline of biology as well as in the canon of biology education research. The discussion then focuses on how issues of discrimination and social injustice can be integrated into subject-specific teaching in a competency-oriented manner. This is exemplified through a learn setting on the human biology topic of menstruation
Borophene‐Based Ultrasensitive and Broadband Photodetectors
Get PDFPhotodetectors based on vertical junctions between 2D materials and silicon offer enhanced sensitivity, reduced size, and better integrability with other systems. In these detectors, 2D materials are typically grown on metallic crystalline substrates and then transferred onto silicon to form a van der Waals junction between the 2D and silicon. In this work, χ3-phase borophene is directly grown on single-crystal silicon wafers, resulting in excellent Schottky junctions between borophene and silicon. This approach eliminates impurities often introduced during the transfer process, which is commonly performed using polymethyl methacrylate, ensuring a smooth fabrication process and a reliable electrical junction. Optoelectronic measurements of the borophene-based detector on n-type silicon demonstrate high sensitivity, reaching several amps per watt across a wide wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. This sensitivity is approximately ten times higher than that of detectors fabricated by transferring 2D materials onto silicon. Additionally, the response times of the fabricated detector are measured at 35 µs for the rise time and 225 µs for the fall time. These exceptional results are attributed to the superior junction formed through direct borophene growth on silicon, paving the way for advanced photodetectors with enhanced light–matter interaction efficiency in integrated silicon-based circuits and technologies
Empowering patients: A multimodal digital health technology survey of patients with neurogenerative disorders and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
Get PDFObjective In an era where digital devices become increasingly available, passive and active capturing of patient data during their everyday life becomes possible. However, it is still unclear to what extent people with chronic diseases are willing to use digital health technology (DHT) to assess study-relevant endpoints. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine such acceptance rates for clinical studies and which type of DHT patients prefer. Methods A survey with 492 people with Parkinson's disease (64 ± 11 years, 41% female) and 75 people with an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (58 ± 15 years, 99% female) was conducted. Results The vast majority of people (93%) were willing to use at least two devices simultaneously during a clinical study. Two-thirds indicated that they would use DHT for ≥6 days following a visit in the context of a study. The appearance of the device turned out to be important as the most popular devices were smartwatches, whereas more complex DHT, clearly recognisable as medical-grade were least popular. The effects of gender, age and disease could be detected, such as, for example, a tendency for men to be willing to use more devices simultaneously than women. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest a willingness among individuals with Parkinson's disease and immune-mediated inflammatory disease to engage in clinical studies involving DHT. It is also evident that elderly patients can be integrated into these studies provided that the participation demands are aligned with clinical imperatives and the devices are user friendly
The Unexploited Treasures of Hydrological Observations Beyond Streamflow for Catchment Modeling
Get PDFWhile measured streamflow is commonly used for hydrological model evaluation and calibration, an increasing amount of data on additional hydrological variables is available. These data have the potential to improve process consistency in hydrological modeling and consequently for predictions under change, as well as in data-scarce or ungauged regions. Here, we show how these hydrological data beyond streamflow are currently used for model evaluation and calibration. We consider storage and flux variables, namely snow, soil moisture, groundwater level, terrestrial water storage, evapotranspiration, and altimetric water level. We aim at summarizing the state-of-the-art and providing guidance for the use of additional hydrological variables for model evaluation and calibration. Based on a review of the current literature, we summarize observation methods and uncertainties of currently available data sets, challenges regarding their implementation, and benefits for model consistency. The focus is on catchment modeling studies with study areas ranging from a few km2 to ~500,000 km2. We discuss challenges for implementing alternative variables that are related to differences in the spatio-temporal resolution of observations and models, as well as to variable-specific features, for example, discrepancy between observed and simulated variables. We further discuss advancements required to deal with uncertainties of the hydrological data and to integrate multiple, potentially inconsistent datasets. The increased model consistency and improvement shown by most reviewed studies regarding the additional variables often come at the cost of a slight decrease in streamflow model performance
Specific Assay Protocols for Porcine Single-Eye Retinal Pigment Epithelium Concerning Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Get PDFThe retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is strongly involved in the pathogenesis of several retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). RPE models addressing specific pathological pathways are of high importance for understanding cellular pathomechanisms and pre-clinical screening of potential new therapeutics. The goal of this study is to establish standard operation protocols for single-eye porcine RPE preparation for AMD-relevant models of oxidative stress (RPE-Ox) and inflammation (RPE-Inf). Porcine primary RPE were prepared from one eye and seeded into one well of 12-well plates or, for polar differentiation, in transwell inserts. Different coatings (Poly-ᴅ-Lysine and laminin) and serum content of media (10%, 5%, and 1%) were tested to determine optimal culture parameters. For RPE-Ox, cells were treated with NaIO3, CoCl2, or erastin; cell viability (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide, MTT), and gene expression (RT-qPCR) were determined. For RPE-Inf, cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); cell viability (MTT), cytokine secretion (ELISA), and gene expression (RT-qPCR) were determined. For transwell plates in RPE-Inf, cell viability (MTT), polar cytokine secretion (ELISA), gene expression (RT-qPCR), and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) for barrier assessment were conducted. For RPE-Ox, effective LD50 could be achieved by using 24 h stimulation with 25 µm erastin, seven days after preparation in 5% serum cultures, without coating. For gene expression assessment, the use of Poly-ᴅ-Lysine is recommended. [...] decrease and gene expression assays. Two specific best practice protocols for the use of porcine single-eye cultures in AMD research concerning oxidative stress and inflammation with optimized parameters were established and are provided
Diffusionskapazität der Lunge nach akuter SARS-CoV-2 Infektion und deren Zusammenhang mit unterschiedlichen Phänotypen des Post-Covid-Syndroms (PCS)
Get PDFDie COVIDOM-Studie wurde an 3 Standorten in Deutschland (Kiel, Berlin, Würzburg) durchgeführt, um die Langzeitfolgen von SARS-CoV-2 Infektionen populationsbasiert zu erfassen. Dazu wurden durch die jeweils zuständigen Gesundheitsämter Proband:innen eingeladen, die mindestens 6 Monate zuvor eine PCR-bestätigte SARS-CoV-2-Infektion hatten. Basierend auf der initialen Untersuchung wurden bereits diverse Scoringsysteme entwickelt, um ein Post-Covid-Syndrom (PCS) besser quantifizieren und phänotypisieren zu können. Zielsetzung dieser Promotionsarbeit war es herauszufinden, ob Proband:innen nach durchgemachter Infektion eine bleibende Einschränkung der Diffusionskapazität der Lunge für Kohlenstoffmonoxid zeigen und ob sich ein Zusammenhang zum PCS-Schweregrad oder unterschiedlichen PCS-Phänotypen feststellen lässt. Das subjektive Gefühl einer eingeengten Lunge sowie das Gefühl, viel Atmen zu müssen, waren häufig genannte Antwortkategorien der untersuchten Proband:innen im strukturiert erfassten Multidimensionalen Dyspnoeprofil. Diese Empfindungen konnten allerdings durch die in der ambulanten Versorgung standardmäßig durchgeführte Bodyplethysmographie, Spirometrie und auch durch die zusätzliche Diffusionsgasmessung kaum objektiviert oder quantifiziert werden. Trotz dieser fehlenden Objektivierbarkeit ist der Leidensdruck der von PCS betroffenen Patient:innen mitunter sehr hoch und kann schwere Einschränkungen der Alltagstauglichkeit und Arbeitsfähigkeit nach sich ziehen
In memoriam Prof. Dr. Rudolf Meyer-Pritzl (1961–2024)
Get PDFNachruf auf Rudolf Meyer-Pritzl, ehemaliger Inhaber des Lehrstuhls für Bürgerliches Recht, Römisches Recht, Europäische Privatrechtsgeschichte der Neuzeit und Rechtsvergleichung an der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel.Obituary for Rudolf Meyer-Pritzl, former holder of the Chair of Civil Law, Roman Law, Modern European Private Law History, and Comparative Law at the Faculty of Law of Christian Albrecht University in Kiel
Embleme am Kieler Rathaus: Eine ephemere Festdekoration zu Geburt und Taufe des späteren Zaren Paul Petrowitsch 1755
Get PDFZur Feier der Geburt und Taufe von Paul Petrowitsch, späterer Herzog von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf und Zar Paul I., wurde das Kieler Rathaus im Jahr 1755 illuminiert. Sein Vater, Herzog Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, der mit Katharina der Großen verheiratet war, in St. Petersburg lebte und von 1761 bis 1762 als Zar Peter III. regierte, ordnete die Festlichkeiten und die Illumination an. Der ephemere emblematische Entwurf der Rathausfassade durch den Kieler Rat ist in Bild und Text mehrfach dokumentiert und zählt damit zu den seltenen Beispielen detailliert überlieferter ephemerer, emblematischer Festkultur. Die Wahl der Emblembilder spiegelt die bedeutenden politischen und wirtschaftlichen Erwartungen wider, die Kiel mit der künftigen Regentschaft des Thronerben Paul Petrowitsch verband.To celebrate the birth and baptism of Paul Petrowitsch, who would later become Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp and Tsar Paul I, Kiel City Hall was illuminated in 1755. His father, Duke Karl-Peter Ulrich of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, who was married to Catherine the Great and lived in St. Petersburg, ordered the festivities and illumination of the town hall. He reigned as Tsar Peter III from 1761 to 1762. The Kiel City Council’s ephemeral emblematic design of the town hall façade is documented several times in pictures and text, making it one of the rare examples of detailed records of ephemeral emblematic festive culture. The choice of emblematic images reflects the significant political and economic expectations that Kiel had for the future reign of the heir to the throne, Paul Petrowitsch
Experience reports from active volunteer members in German right-to-die organisations through qualitative content analysis
Get PDFAlthough not widely known to the general public, right-to-die organisations have been active in Germany since the 1980s, similar to Switzerland. Notably, there is often a lack of focus on the volunteer members of these organisations, despite their unique perspectives on the matter. Our study aims to thoroughly investigate the experiences of members in German right-to-die organisations and thereby make a significant contribution to the ongoing debate. This project was implemented through qualitative interviews conducted with active volunteer members of German right-to-die organisations, followed by a qualitative structured content analysis based on Mayring's approach. [...] Results After conducting 13 interviews, it became clear that, while some participants were deeply impacted by the dramatic nature of the illness-related circumstances surrounding certain assisted suicides, the majority do not find the work burdensome. Instead, they view it as highly fulfilling and rewarding. In particular, interacting with the relatives of those seeking assistance and with the individuals themselves is seen as especially enriching. Furthermore, participants frequently encounter significant ignorance from large segments of the medical community and law enforcement regarding current regulations, which can lead to complications during assisted suicides. Additionally, collaboration with care facilities and senior residences presents a considerable challenge for many members, often due to religious objections. Conclusion Our study of volunteer members of right-to-die organisations is, as far as we know, the first one with active volunteers of German right-to-die organisations. The interviews thus provide new and important insights into a lived practice that has been little studied. These insights must be incorporated into the current debate on the responsible establishment of the practice of assisted suicide
Approximation Algorithms for Integer Programming with Resource Augmentation
Get PDFSolving a general integer program (IP) is NP-hard. The classic algorithm [Papadimitriou, J.ACM '81] for IPs has a running time depending on the number of constraints and the largest absolute value of the entries of the constraint matrix. The running time is exponential in the number of constraints and becomes pseudo-polynomial if the number is constraints is constant. In recent years, there has been extensive research on FPT (fixed parameter tractable) algorithms for the so-called n-fold IPs, which may possess an arbitrary number of constraints, but the constraint matrix satisfies a specific block structure. It is remarkable that these FPT algorithms take the largest absolute value value of the constraint matrix as a parameter, together with other parameters including the number of rows/columns of some small submatrices. If largest absolute value value of the constraint matrix is not treated as a parameter, then the running time becomes pseudo-polynomial even if all the other parameters are taken as constants. This paper explores the trade-off between time and accuracy in solving an IP. We show that, for arbitrary epsilon greater 0, there exists an algorithm that returns a near-feasible solution, that is, a solution that violates the constraints by at most epsilon times the largest absolute value of the constraint matrix; and whose running time is bounded by a computable function in the number of constraints and the inverse of epsilon times a polynomial in the input encoding. Furthermore, for n-fold IPs, we establish a similar result -- our algorithm's running time is bounded by a computable function in the number of rows and columns of the small submatrices and the inverse of epsilon; and returns a solution that slightly violates the constraints. We show that our results can be used to obtain additive approximation schemes for multidimensional knapsack as well as scheduling