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Avvakum Im(personal): A Categorization Approach to Information Structure and Coreference in the Historical Russian Text from the 17th Century
Get PDFDiese Studie analysiert die unpersönlichen Konstruktionen mit dem Verb in der dritten Person Plural im altrussischen Text Das Leben des Protopopen Avvakum. Verschiedene Interpretationen dieser Konstruktionen werden basierend auf ihren semantischen Merkmalen, Häufigkeiten und Kontexten klassifiziert. Mögliche Verbindungen zur diachronen Entwicklung des russischen grammatischen Systems und zum narrativen Genre des Textes werden diskutiert.This study analyzes third-person plural impersonal constructions in the Old Russian text The Life of Archpriest Avvakum. It examines various interpretations of these constructions based on their semantic features, frequencies, and contexts. The findings provide insights into the semantic patterns of impersonal constructions. Their connection to the diachronic evolution of the Russian grammatical system and the narrative genre of the text is discussed
Du oder Sie, ty ili Vy? Die Einstellung zum Siezen und Duzen im Vergleich zwischen Russland und Deutschland
Get PDFDie Frage nach dem Siezen und Duzen begleitet uns täglich. Sie ist in Gesellschaft und Medien äußerst präsent, wurde jedoch in der Sprachwissenschaft zuletzt vernachlässigt. Dieser Aufsatz enthält die wichtigsten Ergebnisse einer Studie zum Siezen und Duzen im kontrastiven Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und Russland. Neben dem Faktor der Herkunft erweist sich der Faktor Geschlecht als zentral bei der Spracheinstellung zum Siezen und Duzen.The question of whether to use ›du‹ or ›Sie‹ is part of a German-speaker’s everyday life. It is extremely present in society and the media, but has recently been neglected in linguistics. This paper contains the most important results of a study on form of address in a contrastive comparison between Germany and Russia. In addition to the factor of origin, the factor of gender proves to be central in language attitudes to form of address
Die stilisierte Form der Sprache in den Stücken von Alena Vostrá
Get PDFDie Stücke von Alena Vostrá zeigen vor allem die Paradoxien des menschlichen Verhaltens unter den angespannten Bedingungen einer verschärften Modellsituation. Das Thema des von der Außenwelt bedrohten Menschen stand im Einklang mit der zeitgenössischen Atmosphäre, in der das Streben nach persönlicher Freiheit, Unabhängigkeit und einer eigenen Identität erwachte. Im Kontext der tschechischen Literatur gehören die Stücke von Alena Vostrá zu einer spezifischen Reihe von Modellstücken und Grotesken, die im Umfeld des Činoherní klub entstanden sind.Alena Vostrá’s plays show above all the paradoxes of human behaviour under the tense conditions of an intensified model situation. The theme of man threatened by the outside world corresponded to the contemporary atmosphere in which the quest for personal freedom, independence and identity was awakening. In the context of Czech literature, Alena Vostrá’s plays belong to a specific series of model plays and grotesques created in the environment of the Činoherní klub
James R. Fichter, Tea. Consumption, Politics, and Revolution, 1773–1776. Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press Services 2023
Get PDFIn der Nacht vom 16. auf den 17. Dezember 1773 enterte eine Horde nordamerikanischer Kolonisten drei soeben in Boston eingelaufene Teeschiffe der britischen East India Company. Die Besatzungen wurden überrumpelt, und ein Gutteil des Tees landete im Wasser. Diese „Boston Tea Party“ bildet in der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung bis heute das Fanal der Amerikanischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung, die zehn Jahre später mit dem Frieden von Paris ein formales Ende fand. Von Beginn an firmierte der von den Briten in die Neuenglandkolonien importierte Tee als Inbegriff der Fremdherrschaft, was zum baldigen Boykott des bis dahin allseits beliebten Getränks seitens der Kontinentalvereinigung führte. Doch machte die öffentlichkeitswirksame Boykottbewegung die nordamerikanischen Kolonisten wirklich zu Teeabstinenzlern oder gar zu Kaffeetrinkern? Führte jene zu einem faktischen Ende des Teekonsums oder stellte sie in erster Linie ein mediales Ereignis dar? Mit diesen Fragen beschäftigt sich die Studie „Tea. Consumption, Politics, and Revolution, 1773–1776“ von James R. Fichter
Investigating Past, Present, and Future Trends on Interface Between Marine and Medical Research and Development: A Bibliometric Review
Get PDFThe convergence of marine sciences and medical studies has the potential for substantial advances in healthcare. This study uses bibliometric and topic modeling studies to map the progression of research themes from 2000 to 2023, with an emphasis on the interdisciplinary subject of marine and medical sciences. Building on the global publication output at the interface between marine and medical sciences and using the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process, we discovered dominating research topics during three periods, emphasizing shifts in research focus and development trends. Our data show a significant rise in publication output, indicating a growing interest in using marine bioresources for medical applications. The paper identifies two main areas of active research, "natural product biochemistry" and "trace substance and genetics", both with great therapeutic potential. We used social network analysis to map the collaborative networks and identify the prominent scholars and institutions driving this research and development progress. Our study indicates important paths for research policy and R&D management operating at the crossroads of healthcare innovation and marine sciences. It also underscores the significance of quantitative foresight methods and interdisciplinary teams in identifying and interpreting future scientific convergences and breakthroughs
Repertoire-based mapping and time-tracking of T helper cell subsets in scRNA-Seq
Get PDFThis approach accurately positions the Th1, Th1-17, Th17, Th22, Th2a, Th2, T follicular helper (Tfh), and regulatory T-cell (Treg) subsets, outperforming mapping based on CITE-Seq. Remarkably, the mapping is tightly focused on specific scRNA-Seq clusters, despite 4-year interval between subset sorting and the effector CD4+ scRNA-Seq experiment. These findings highlight the intrinsic program stability of Th clones circulating in peripheral blood. Repertoire overlap analysis at the scRNA-Seq level confirms that the circulating Th1, Th2, Th2a, Th17, Th22, and Treg subsets are clonally independent. However, a significant clonal overlap between the Th1 and cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell clusters suggests that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells differentiate from Th1 clones. In addition, this study resolves a longstanding ambiguity: we demonstrate that, while CCR10+ Th cells align with a specific Th22 scRNA-Seq cluster, CCR10-CCR6+CXCR3-CCR4+ cells, typically classified as Th17, represent a mixture of bona fide Th17 cells and clonally unrelated CCR10low Th22 cells. The clear distinction between the Th17 and Th22 subsets should influence the development of vaccine- and T-cell-based therapies. Furthermore, we show that severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection induces systemic type 1 interferon (IFN) activation of naive Th cells. An increased proportion of effector IFN-induced Th cells is associated with a moderate course of the disease but remains low in critical COVID-19 cases. Using integrated scRNA-Seq, TCR-Track, and CITE-Seq data from 122 donors, we provide a comprehensive Th scRNA-Seq reference that should facilitate further investigation of Th subsets in fundamental and clinical studies
Sex Differences in the Relationship of Socioeconomic Position With Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Estimated Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results of the German National Cohort
No full textBackground Using data from the largest German cohort study, we aimed to investigate sex differences in the relationship of socioeconomic position (SEP) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors, and estimated CVD risk. Methods and results A total of 204 780 (50.5% women) participants from the baseline examination of the population-based NAKO (German National Cohort) were included. Logistic, multinomial, and linear regression models were used to estimate sex-specific odds ratios (ORs) and β coefficients with 95% CIs of CVD, CVD risk factors, and very high-risk score (Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation-2) for CVD associated with SEP. Women-to-men ratios of ORs (RORs) with 95% CIs were estimated. In women compared with men, low versus high SEP (educational attainment and relative income) was more strongly associated with myocardial infarction, hypertension, obesity, overweight, elevated blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and current alcohol consumption, but less strongly with current and former smoking. In women with the lowest versus highest educational level, the OR for a very high 10-year CVD risk was 3.61 (95% CI, 2.88-4.53) compared with 1.72 (95% CI, 1.51-1.96) in men. The women-to-men ROR was 2.33 (95% CI, 1.78-3.05). For the comparison of low versus high relative income, the odds of having a very high 10-year CVD risk was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.04-3.18) in women and 2.25 (95% CI, 2.08-2.42) in men (women-to-men ROR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.05-1.63]). Conclusions In women and men, there was an inverse relationship between indicators of SEP and the likelihood of having several CVD risk factors and a very high 10-year CVD risk. This association was stronger in women, suggesting that CVD risk is more strongly influenced by SEP in women compared with men
Non-Monotonic Variation of Potential-Dependent Surface Diffusion at Electrochemical Interfaces in the Presence of Coadsorbates
Get PDFThe influence of coadsorbed ions on adsorbate diffusion, an inherent effect at solid-liquid interfaces, was studied for adsorbed sulfur on Ag(100) electrodes in the presence of bromide or iodide. Quantitative in situ high-speed scanning tunnelling microscopy (video-STM) measurements were performed both in the potential regime of the c(2×2) halide adlayer at its saturation coverage and in the regime of a disordered adlayer where the halide coverage increases with potential. These studies reveal a surprising non-monotonic potential dependence of Sad diffusion with an initial increase with halide coverage, followed by a decrease upon halide adlayer ordering into the c(2×2) structure. Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations only qualitatively reproduce the rise in Sad mobility with halide coverage, suggesting that many-adsorbate interactions and the presence of the electrolyte need to be considered
Wearable Sensors for Sleep Monitoring in Free-Living Environments: A Scoping Review on Parkinson’s Disease
Get PDFParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple neural pathways, leading to a broad spectrum of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, are prevalent among PD patients and significantly impact symptomatology and patients’ quality of life. Wearable technology presents an opportunity to study these interactions in patients’ daily life environments without the limitations of in-clinic sleep studies. Thus, this review aims to explore how wearable technology has been employed or developed for the sleep monitoring of PD patients in free-living environments. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore to identify original research articles focusing on wearable sleep technology for the ambulatory monitoring of PD patients. Twenty-six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and underwent structured data extraction and quality assessment. Key aspects analysed included subject demographics, extracted sleep parameters, identified sleep disorders, and the application of machine-learning algorithms. Wearable devices could offer a practical solution for long-term sleep monitoring in PD, though further validation is needed. The absence of standardised protocols and the lack of device validation within PD populations remain significant challenges. The evidence gathered in this study remains insufficient to define a standardised protocol for sleep assessment of PD patients in free-living environments
Langzeit-Krankheitsverläufe von Patient/-innen mit WHO-Grad 3-Gliom in Abhängigkeit von dem postoperativen Therapieprozedere
No full textMaligne Gliome stellen für betroffene Patient/-innen eine hohe Belastung dar. Zum größten Teil treten die Tumoren sporadisch auf. Klinisch äußern sich diese in vielfältiger Weise, am häufigsten führt jedoch ein Krampfereignis zur weiterführenden Diagnostik mittels radiologischer Verfahren. In den vergangenen 20 Jahren ergaben sich nur wenige Erkenntnisse in Hinsicht auf neue Therapieverfahren. Große Fortschritte ergaben sich jedoch mit der Einführung molekulargenetischer Diagnosekriterien in die WHO-Klassifikation zur Einteilung von Tumoren des ZNS im Jahre 2016. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Langzeitverläufe von Patient/-innen mit WHO Grad 3-Gliomen in Abhängigkeit von der Therapie und der molekulargenetischen Konstellation auszuwerten. Dafür wurden klinische Daten erhoben und Tumorgewebe aufgearbeitet und verschiedene molekulargenetische Parameter untersucht. Anschließend wurde eine Überlebenszeitanalyse nach dem Kaplan-Meyer-Verfahren durchgeführt. Ein junges Alter bei Diagnose, ein singuläres Tumorvorkommen, ein guter klinischer Zustand bei Diagnose und ein hohes Resektionsausmaß zeigten Vorteile bezogen auf die progressionsfreie Zeit und Überlebenszeit. Eine vermehrte Methylierung des MGMT-Promotors und eine IDH-Mutation wirkten sich signifikant positiv auf die Überlebenszeit und die progressionsfreie Zeit aus, eine 1p/19q-Codeletion zeigte signifikante Vorteile bezüglich des progressionsfreien Überlebens. Als postoperative Therapie ergaben sich in dieser Arbeit für die Radiotherapie, wie sie in der Zeit vor dem Jahr 2005 durchgeführt wurde, die besten Langzeitergebnisse. Für den Zeitraum nach dem Jahr 2005 zeigte die Radiochemotherapie einen signifikanten Vorteil im Gesamtüberleben im Vergleich zur Radiotherapie allein. Dies zeigte sich auch in der risikostratifizierten Überlebenszeitanalyse