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»Ga in Godes namen und nim orloff van dinen olderen«: Die Aufnahmeriten nach dem Buch im Chore im Kloster Preetz
Get PDFDas Buch im Chore ist eine Art Liber ordinarius für das Benediktinerinnenkloster Preetz (Bistum Lübeck), das zwischen 1471 und 1487 von der damaligen cantrix (seit 1484 Priorin) Anna von Buchwald zusammengestellt wurde. Es enthält ein kurzes Ordo für die Aufnahme von Kandidatinnen in die monastische Gemeinschaft sowie Rubriken für die Jungfrauenweihe, die den Nonnen von Preetz nach ihrem Eintritt zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt vom Bischof gespendet werden sollte. In Preetz war die Aufnahmezeremonie in das Kloster eine Art ›Investitur mit Oblation‹: Die Kandidatin wird von ihren Eltern ›dargebracht‹ (offertur); der Propst empfängt sie am Eingang des Sanktuariums und fragt sie, ob sie Gehorsam und ein Leben nach der Regel des heiligen Benedikt verspreche. Dann legt er ihre Hände in ein Korporale, hält ein Bild der Maria, domina nostra, über sie und übergibt ihr das gesegnete Ordensgewand. Beim Offertorium der Messe bringt sie einen Ring zum Altar; am Ende findet ihre Einführung in den Chorgestühl statt. Im Buch im Chore wird keine schriftliche Profess erwähnt, die zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt – wenn die Nonne mündig ist – gefordert würde; die Aufnahmezeremonie von Preetz scheint also ein ›all-in-one‹-Initiationsritus gewesen zu sein. Entgegen mancher Annahme entsprechen diese Formen des Klostereintritts nicht den Anforderungen der Bursfelder Reform, die in Preetz erst 1491 eingeführt werden sollte. Man könnte vielmehr fragen, ob sie Praktiken widerspiegeln, die in norddeutschen Frauenklöstern vor der Einführung der Reform üblich waren. Das Buch enthält die Gesänge und Rubriken für die cantrix des Konvents, nicht jedoch die vom Propst zu sprechenden Texte, etwa die Segnungen über die Gewänder. Für die Riten der Jungfrauenweihe wird auf ein Liber priorissae verwiesen, das nicht erhalten geblieben ist.The Buch im Chore is a kind of Liber ordinarius for the Benedictine convent of Preetz (diocese of Lübeck), which has been compiled between 1471 and 1487 by the then cantrix (prioress since 1484) Anna von Buchwald. It contains a short ordo for the admission of candidates to the monastic community and rubrics for the consecration of virgins, which was to be administered to the Preetz nuns by the bishop at a later date after their entry. In Preetz, the ceremony for the admission to the convent was a kind of ›investiture with oblation‹: the candidate is ›offered up‹ by her parents (offertur), the provost receives her at the entrance of the sanctuary and asks her whether she promises obedience and a life according to the rule of S. Benedict. Then he clasps her hands with a corporal, holds an image of Mary, domina nostra, over her and gives her the blessed habit of the nuns. At the offertory of the mass, she carries a ring to the altar, at the end takes places her installation in the choir stalls. In the Buch im Chore, there is no mention of a written profession being demanded at a later time, when the nun is major, the Preetz admission ceremony is apparently an ›all-in-one‹-initiation rite. Contrary to what is sometimes assumed, these modalities of entering the convent do not correspond to the requirements of the Bursfelde Reform, which was to be introduced in Preetz in 1491, one might rather ask whether they represent practices that were common in North German convents before the introduction of the reform. The book contains the chants and rubrics for the cantrix of the convent, but not the texts to be recited by the provost, such as the blessings over the vestments. For the rites of consecration of virgins, reference is made to a Liber priorissae, which has not been preserved
Public Participation in EU Legislation? Recommendations for Involving Citizen Scientists in Anthropogenic Litter Research Within the Water Framework Directive
No full textAnthropogenic litter causes significant harm to the environment on a global scale. Achieving international agreements and establishing corresponding national legislation is essential for solving this prevalent environmental problem. Effective monitoring programmes are also critical for evaluating the environmental status in aquatic (marine and freshwater) environments, as required by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) in Europe. In contrast to the MSFD, the current version of the WFD does not yet include anthropogenic litter pollution as an indicator to evaluate the status of aquatic environments. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we recommend using existing litter data generated by citizen science initiatives as a baseline to establish relevant indicators in the WFD. Further, citizen scientists could contribute to the WFD by taking complimentary samples, for example, at underrepresented smaller streams, adding context and value to data collected at established monitoring stations. The involvement of citizens as actors within an EU Directive would not only help to obtain valuable data on a significant spatial and temporal scale but could potentially also increase the environmental awareness and political engagement of the public. The upcoming revision cycle of the WFD in 2028 presents a unique opportunity to give citizens a voice and opportunity to partake in EU legislative frameworks
Surviving on Limited Resources: Effects of Caloric Restriction on Growth, Gene Expression and Gut Microbiota in a Species With Male Pregnancy (Hippocampus erectus)
Get PDFCaloric restriction (CR) studies have traditionally focused on species with conventional reproductive roles, emphasising female's greater investment in costly gametes and parental care. While the divergent impact of CR on males and females is evident across species, the factors driving this variation, that is, resource allocation to reproductive elements as part of distinct life history strategies, remain unclear. To address this, we investigated the effects of CR on development, gene expression and intestinal microbiota in the lined seahorse Hippocampus erectus, a species with male pregnancy, where fathers invest in offspring through gestation. Juvenile seahorses were subjected to ad libitum (AL) or CR feeding for 5 months. CR stunted male growth and brood pouch development, reflecting the energy demands of this crucial parental care trait. However, condition index declined in CR females but not males, while ovarian weight remained unchanged. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated organ- and sex-specific responses to CR with distinct lipid and energy-related pathways activated in male and female livers, indicative of survival enhancement strategies. CR had minimal impact on genes associated with spermatogenesis, but downregulated lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes in ovaries, emphasising the importance of pre-copulatory resource allocation in female gametes. CR strongly shaped gut microbial composition, creating distinct communities from AL seahorses while also driving sex-specific taxonomic differences. Our research indicates that nutrient limitation's impact on males and females is influenced by their allocation of resources to reproduction and parental investment. We underscore the significance of studying species with diverse reproductive strategies, sex roles and life-history strategies
Impact of horizontal resolution and model time step on European precipitation extremes in the OpenIFS 43r3 atmospheric model
Get PDFEvents of extreme precipitation pose a hazard to many parts of Europe but are typically not well represented in climate models. Here, we evaluate daily extreme precipitation over Europe during 1982–2019 in observations (GPCC), reanalysis (ERA5), and a set of atmosphere-only simulations at low (100 km), medium (50 km), and high (25 km) horizontal resolution and also at different time steps (i.e., 60, 30, and 15 min) using low resolution (100 km) with identical vertical resolutions using OpenIFS (version 43r3). We find that both OpenIFS simulations and reanalysis underestimate the rates of extreme precipitation compared to observations. The biases are largest for the lowest resolution (100 km) and decrease with higher-horizontal-resolution (50 and 25 km) simulations in all seasons. The sensitivity to horizontal resolution is particularly high in mountain regions (such as the Alps, Scandinavia, Iberian Peninsula), likely linked to the sensitivity of vertical velocity to the representation of topography. The sensitivity of precipitation to model resolution increases dramatically with increasing percentiles, with modest biases in the 70th–80th percentile range and large biases above the 99th percentile range. We also find that precipitation above the 99th percentile mostly consists of large-scale precipitation (∼ 80 %) in winter, while in summer it is mostly large-scale precipitation in northern Europe (∼ 70 %) and convective precipitation in southern Europe (∼ 70 %). Convective precipitation is more sensitive to model time step than to horizontal resolution. Large-scale precipitation increases significantly with both higher horizontal resolution and a shorter model time step
Correlative Raman Spectroscopy-SEM Investigations of Sintered Magnesium-Calcium Alloys for Biomedical Applications
Get PDFIn this study, a correlative approach using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is introduced to meet the challenges of identifying impurities, especially carbon-related compounds in metal injection-molded (MIM) Mg-0.6Ca specimens designed for biomedical applications. This study addresses, for the first time, the issue of carbon residuals in the binder-based powder metallurgy (PM) processing of Mg-0.6Ca materials. A deeper understanding of the material microstructure is important to assess the microstructure homogeneity at submicron levels as this later affects material degradation and biocompatibility behavior. Both spectroscopic and microscopic techniques used in this study respond to the concerns of secondary phase distributions and their possible stoichiometry. Our micro-Raman measurements performed over a large area reveal Raman modes at ~1370 cm-1 and ~1560 cm-1, which are ascribed to the elemental carbon, and at ~1865 cm-1, related to C≡C stretching modes. Our study found that these carbonaceous residuals/contaminations in the material microstructure originated from the polymeric binder components used in the MIM fabrication route, which then react with the base material components, including impurities, at elevated thermal debinding and sintering temperatures. Additionally, using evidence from the literature on thermal carbon cracking, the presence of both free carbon and calcium carbide phases is inferred in the sintered Mg-0.6Ca material in addition to the Mg2Ca, oxide, and silicate phases. This first-of-its-kind correlative characterization approach for PM-processed Mg biomaterials is fast, non-destructive, and provides deeper knowledge on the formed residual carbonaceous phases. This is crucial in Mg alloy development strategies to ensure reproducible in vitro degradation and cell adhesion characteristics for the next generation of biocompatible magnesium materials
Asymptotic Thresholds for (a:b) Minimum-Degree Games
Get PDFWe investigate the (a : b) Maker–Breaker subgraph game played on the edge set of the complete graph Kn, where n, a, b ∈ N , and Maker’s objective is to construct a member of a prescribed family of graphs H, while Breaker aims to prevent this. In our study, Breaker moves fi rst, and H is taken to be either the family of connected spanning subgraphs or the family of spanning subgraphs with minimum-degree at least k = k(n). For the (a : b) minimum-degree-k game, we determine the asymptotically optimal threshold bias across a wide range of values for a. For the (a:b) connectivity game, we resolve an open problem posed by Hefetz et al. (2012) by identifying the exact leading term in the asymptotic behavior of the threshold bias when a = c ln n
Are Furanocoumarins Present in the Cichorieae Tribe of Asteraceae? A Comparative Study of Cicerbita alpina (Asteraceae) and Peucedanum ostruthium (Apiaceae)
Get PDFCicerbita alpina (L.) Wallroth and Peucedanum ostruthium W.D.J. Koch occur in megaphorb communities in alpine and subalpine areas; both species often share the same habitats. P. ostruthium is used as a spice for spirits, while young shoots of C. alpina are collected in the northeastern regions of Italy as a local delicacy. In the present study, we isolated eleven known coumarins and one chromone from subaerial parts of P. ostruthium; two furanocoumarins were found for the first time in this species. Using UHPLC-HRMS, we analyzed the furanocoumarin content of two P. ostruthium accessions, one commercially purchased and one collected in the wild. These samples were compared to six rootstock samples of Cicerbita alpina collected in the wild. Though the furanocoumarins imperatorin, isoimperatorin, oxypeucedanin, and ostruthol had been reported from C. alpina before, we were not able to detect any of these compounds in our samples of C. alpina. Therefore, and due to the occurrence of both taxa in the same habitat, we assume that the original report of furanocoumarins in C. alpina was based on a mixed collection of C. alpina and P. ostruthium. This hypothesis seems plausible, because furanocoumarins have not been reported from any other taxon of the Cichorieae tribe of the Asteraceae family
Etablierung und Validierung direkter und indirekter Nachweisverfahren zur Diagnostik von Infektionen durch das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2
No full textIn der Coronavirus-Pandemie war der schnelle und zuverlässige Nachweis von Infektionen durch das severe-acute-respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wesentlich. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollten direkte und indirekte Verfahren für den Nachweis validiert und auf ihre Eignung für die Routinediagnostik untersucht werden. Die Reverse-Transkriptase-Polymerasekettenreaktion (RT-PCR) in Echtzeit ist der Goldstandard für die Akutdiagnostik. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei In-house-RT-PCRs für den Nachweis des Nukleokapsid- und des Envelope-Protein-Gens von SARS-CoV-2, eines RNA-Bakteriophagen sowie des humanen Glycerinaldehyd-3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase-Gens unter Verwendung von Uracil-DNA-Glycosylase zur Kontaminationsprävention validiert. Beide Verfahren konnten SARS-CoV-2 sensitiv und spezifisch nachweisen. Das E-Gen-basierte Verfahren war etwas empfindlicher. Die Einbeziehung des zellulären Kontrollgens und des RNA-Phagen stellte den korrekten Ablauf sicher. Die Verfahren eignen sich für unterschiedliche Geräte zur Extraktion und zur Amplifikation. Pools aus acht Patientenproben waren für die PCR-Diagnostik geeigne. SARS-CoV-2-Schnelltests stellen eine wesentliche Ergänzung dar. In dieser Arbeit wurden drei kommerziell erhältliche POCTs untersucht und mit der im Labor entwickelten PCR verglichen. Die untersuchten POCTs konnten COVID-19-Patienten mit einer Viruslast von >107 Kopien/ml gut identifizieren. Der Nachweis SARS-CoV-2-spezifischer Antikörper erlaubt die Diagnostik einer stattgehabten Infektion. In der vorgelegten Arbeit wurden acht vorwiegend IgG-spezifische Antikörpertests verglichen. Es zeigten sich diagnostische Genauigkeiten von 93,7-99,2 %. IgG-Antikörper gegen das S-Protein waren länger nachweisbar als gegen das N-Protein. COVID-19-Infizierte entwickelten nur sporadisch hochavide Antikörper
Peer- vs. KI-Feedback: Wie Schüler*innen der Sekundarstufe I Textfeedback zu einer Zusammenfassung rezipieren
Get PDF(Formatives) Feedback zählt zu den einflussreichsten Faktoren im Lernprozess. Gerade im schulischen Kontext kann es jedoch mit einem hohen zeitlichen Aufwand der Lehrkraft einhergehen, weshalb häufig zu Peerfeedback – einem Feedback unter Lernenden – gegriffen wird. Neben diesem ist mit dem Eintreffen Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildungslandschaft auch ein Feedback durch KI-Systeme möglich, welches eine Alternative zu etablierten Praktiken wie denen des Peerfeedbacks darstellen kann. Während im Forschungsdiskurs vorwiegend die Qualität dieser Feedbacks untersucht wird, bleiben die Lernenden als Feedbackrezipierende oft unberücksichtigt. In dieser Arbeit wird daher der Fokus auf die Feedbackrezeption und insbesondere die Wahrnehmung der Schüler*innen gerichtet. Untersucht wird dabei die Rezeption eines von Peers verfassten und eines von dem KI-Tool FelloFish generierten Feedbacks zu einer Zusammenfassung in der Sekundarstufe I (Klasse 6 und 7).Wie sich zeigt, nehmen die Schüler*innen (insbesondere in Klasse 7) das Peer-Feedback im Vergleich sehr positiv war. Dies bleibt auch nach Auflösung über die Quelle des Feedbacks bestehen. Das KI-Feedback wird von den Lernenden als konkreter und hilfreicher eingeschätzt, zeigt jedoch gleichzeitig diverse Fehlerstellen (auch Halluzinationen), auf die die Lernenden verweisen. Die Fehlerstellen können die weitere Wahrnehmung des Feedbacks beeinflussen und gegebenenfalls zu Frustration u. ä. unter den Lernenden führen. Dies verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer Rahmung beim Einsatz eines ebensolchen KI-Feedbacktools zur Förderung einer kritischen und reflektierten Schreib- und Überarbeitungshaltung.(Formative) feedback is one of the most influential factors in the learning process. However, especially in the school context this can be time consuming for the teacher, which is why peer feedback, i.e. feedback between learners, is often used. The arrival of artificial intelligence (AI) in the educational landscape also enables feedback to be provided using AI tools, offering an alternative to established practices such as peer feedback. While the quality of this feedback is primarily focused on in the research discourse, learners as the ones receiving the feedback are often not taken into account. The following Master's thesis will therefore focus on the reception of feedback and in particular the perception of the students. For this purpose, both the reception of feedback written by peers and feedback generated by the AI tool FelloFish is analyzed. The study is conducted within the context of summary writing in secondary I level education (year 6 and 7). It becomes evident that the pupils (especially in year 7) perceive the peer feedback very positively compared to AI feedback. This remains the case even after the source of the feedback is revealed. The AI feedback is perceived as more specific and helpful by the learners, but at the same time shows various errors (including hallucinations) to which the learners refer. These errors can influence the further perception of the feedback and possibly lead to frustration etc. among the learners. This illustrates the need for framing when using such an AI feedback tool to promote a critical and reflective writing and revision attitude
Magnetic Measurements of a Stator Core Under Manufacturing Influences and the Impacts on the Design Process of a Reluctance Synchronous Machine
Get PDFThe magnetic properties of electrical steel sheets, crucial for efficient electrical machine performance, deteriorate through manufacturing processes. This study investigates the impact of different manufacturing steps on magnetization behavior and specific core losses in M270-50A electrical steel, and their influence on the performance of a reluctance synchronous machine (RSM). Magnetic measurements were conducted on three material states: laser-cut strips, assembled stator cores, and press-fitted stator cores. These were integrated into finite element analysis (FEA) models, including an extended two-region stator model that separates yoke and tooth regions to reflect different manufacturing effects. Simulations examined torque characteristics and flux linkage under various loading conditions and were validated using a prototype machine. The findings of magnetic measurements indicate that manufacturing-induced stresses significantly increase magnetization demand and core losses—up to 650% and 53%, respectively. These effects lead to a 4.2% reduction in maximum air gap torque and notable changes in torque characteristic curves and d-axis flux linkage maps. Including realistic magnetic data yielded torque predictions closely aligned with experimental results and reduced discrepancy in core loss simulation by more than 50%. The study’s findings indicate that accounting for manufacturing influences in material characterization enhances modeling accuracy and enables optimized electrical machine designs and control strategies