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Identifying the dialectal background of American Finnish speakers using a supervised machine-learning model
Get PDFThis study presents results of two experiments using supervised machine-learning models to examine individual Finnish speakers’ dialectal backgrounds. Data come from interviews conducted with heritage speakers of Finnish in northern Wisconsin and are compared to data from the Finnish Dialect Syntax Archive. The models were constructed and then, following successful validation testing, used to identify the dialectal background of five individual American Finnish speakers. Results showed individual variation in dialectal backgrounds and some correlation to speakers’ likely language input. Our approach offers a new methodological tool for examining speakers’ dialectal backgrounds in situations of language contact
Faster EPTAS for Scheduling on Uniform Machines
Get PDFWe present an efficient polynomial-time approximation scheme (EPTAS) for the problem of scheduling jobs on parallel uniform machines that improves all previously known EPTAS for the problem. Our algorithm uses a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) formulation for a relaxed version of the problem. We simplify the MILP by repeatedly removing carefully selected sets of jobs and machines until all integer variables have been removed. Then, we build up the solution through the use of a dynamic programming approach, enumeration, and linear program solving. Notable about our approach is that our algorithm only uses an LP solver, different from previous EPTAS approaches where MILP solvers are necessary
Development of a chemical sensor for the measurement of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater
Get PDFThe thesis presents the development of a novel, autonomous DIC sensor for seawater measurements. The work details a stepwise sensor development process from a bench-top prototype to a fully submersible system. Both versions operate on a conductometric detection principle in combination with a gas diffusion sequential injection analysis : (i) a custom-made four-hollow brass electrode detection cell, and (ii) a custom-made gas exchange unit with a “Tube In A Tube” configuration. The bench-top analyzer was validated through laboratory experiments and tested in multiple field trials. Each measurement required 15 minutes. It achieved an analytical precision of measurement of ± 4.9 and 9.7 μmol kg-1 in laboratory and field deployments, respectively, meeting ‘Weather Quality’ standards for ocean carbonate measurements. Based on the success of the bench-top analyzer, an in-situ version was developed, retaining the core architecture. It featured a compact and pressure-resistant housing suitable for shallow water deployments. The in-situ sensor was deployed in multiple field trials and demonstrated an analytical precision of measurement of < 20 μmol kg-1, with each measurement completed in 20 minutes. The high-frequency DIC data collected during field deployments in the North Sea and the Kiel Fjord provided new insights into the short-term variability and environmental drivers of carbonate system dynamics in coastal and estuarine systems. These data resolved high spatial and temporal resolution which overcomes the limitations of traditional discrete sampling method and demonstrated the potential of the analyzer to enhance carbonate system monitoring. Overall, the work in this thesis showed the development of a novel, cost-effective, and autonomous DIC analyzer with an aim to address a critical technological gap in marine biogeochemical research
Leuchtende Dreiecke bis zum Himmel: Die Beton-Glas-Fenster der Kieler Universitätskirche
Get PDFDie Kieler Universitätskirche, 1965 eingeweiht, ist ein singuläres Beispiel moderner Sakralarchitektur in Schleswig-Holstein. Ihr Bau basiert auf einem streng durchkomponierten Dreiecksgrundriss, der sich in allen Gestaltungsdetails widerspiegelt. Besonders prägend sind die großflächigen Beton-Glas-Fenster, deren polychrome Dreiecksstruktur den Innenraum in ein farbiges Lichtvolumen taucht und ihn so zu einem immateriell wirkenden Erfahrungsraum transformiert. Die Kirche entstand im Kontext der Nachkriegsmoderne und steht in einer architektur- und kunsthistorischen Tradition, die bis zu Egon Eiermanns Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche und französischen Vorbildern der „Dalle de Verre“-Technik zurückreicht. Mit der Kieler Kirche setzten die Architekten Ernst und Herbert Weidling sowie Erhard Kettner diese Impulse in eine eigenständige Form um, die zugleich funktional, ästhetisch und theologisch überzeugt. Als seltenes Beispiel einer Universitätskirche nach 1945 dokumentiert der Bau nicht nur den architektonischen Gestaltungswillen seiner Zeit, sondern auch die Verflechtung von Campusarchitektur, liturgischer Nutzung und moderner Glaskunst.The University Church of Kiel, inaugurated in 1965, represents a unique example of modern sacred architecture in Schleswig-Holstein. Its design is based on a strictly conceived triangular layout, echoed in every architectural detail. The defining feature is the extensive concrete-glass façades, whose polychrome triangular structure immerses the interior in a vibrant light volume, creating an almost immaterial spatial experience. Built in the context of post-war modernism, the church draws on international influences such as Egon Eiermann’s Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church and the French “dalle de verre” technique, while developing its own distinct expression. Designed by Ernst and Herbert Weidling together with Erhard Kettner, the church embodies a synthesis of functionality, aesthetics, and theology. As one of the very few university churches built after 1945, it not only reflects the architectural ambitions of its era but also highlights the interplay of campus planning, liturgical use, and modern stained glass art
Digitales Publizieren an der CAU: Ein Vierteljahrhundert Open-Access-Services in Kiel
Get PDFDie Geschichte des digitalen Publizierens an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU) begann Mitte der 1990er Jahre, parallel zu den ersten internationalen Entwicklungen. Ausgehend von frühen Initiativen zur digitalen Dissertation entwickelte sich an der CAU über 25 Jahre hinweg eine moderne Publikationsinfrastruktur mit vielgenutzten Open-Access-Services. Angebunden sind sie an das institutionelle Repositorium MACAU, das Forschenden aller Disziplinen heute als Plattform zur freien Veröffentlichung von Dissertationen, Zeitschriften, Reihen und anderen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten dient. Der Beitrag skizziert die Entwicklung der Infrastruktur und Services zum Publizieren im Open Access (OA) von den Anfängen bis ins Jubiläumsjahr 2025. Er führt von ersten Schritten über technische und strategische Meilensteine bis hin zu den aktuellen Herausforderungen in der wissenschaftlichen KommunikationspraxisThe history of digital publishing at Kiel University (CAU) began in the mid-1990s, parallel to the first international developments. Starting with early initiatives for digital dissertations, a modern publication infrastructure with widely used open access services has developed at Kiel University over the past 25 years. They are linked to the institutional repository MACAU, which today serves researchers from all disciplines as a platform for the free publication of dissertations, journals, series and other academic works. The article outlines the development of the infrastructure and services for publishing in Open Access (OA) from the beginnings to the anniversary year 2025, from the first steps through technical and strategic milestones to the current challenges in scientific communication practic
In memoriam Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Biesterfeld (1940–2025)
Get PDFNachruf auf Wolfgang Biesterfeld, ehemaliger Professor für deutsche Literatur und Didaktik des Literaturunterrichts am Institut für Neuere deutsche Literatur und Medien der Philosophischen Fakultät der CAU.Obituary for Wolfgang Biesterfeld, former professor of German literature and teaching methodology at the Institute for Modern German Literature and Media in the Faculty of Arts at Kiel University
Schwierige Anerkennung: Geleitwort zum Sammelband Schwierigkeit und Möglichkeit von Toleranz
Get PDFDas Vorwort führt in die zentralen Fragen des Sammelbandes Die Schwierigkeit und Möglichkeit von Toleranz ein. Es reflektiert über Toleranz als kulturelle Praxis jenseits einklagbarer Rechte und betont ihre Ambivalenz zwischen Ablehnung und Anerkennung. Im Zentrum steht das von der Kieler Forschungsgruppe entwickelte ›Ablehnung-Respekt-Modell der Toleranz‹, das Toleranz als reflektierte Auseinandersetzung mit Differenz versteht. Der Sammelband führt historische, religiöse und literarische Perspektiven zusammen und stellt Toleranz als anspruchsvolle, aber unverzichtbare Grundlage des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens dar.The foreword to the anthology Die Schwierigkeit und Möglichkeit von Toleranz (The Difficulty and Possibility of Tolerance) introduces key questions explored in the collection. It reflects on tolerance as a cultural practice beyond enforceable rights, emphasizing its ambivalence between rejection and recognition. At the core is the ›disapproval-respect model of tolerance‹ developed by the Kiel research group, which understands tolerance as a reflective engagement with difference. The book brings together historical, religious, and literary perspectives, presenting tolerance as a demanding yet indispensable foundation of social coexistence
Benchmarking foundation models as feature extractors for weakly supervised computational pathology
Get PDFNumerous pathology foundation models have been developed to extract clinically relevant information. There is currently limited literature independently evaluating these foundation models on external cohorts and clinically relevant tasks to uncover adjustments for future improvements. Here we benchmark 19 histopathology foundation models on 13 patient cohorts with 6,818 patients and 9,528 slides from lung, colorectal, gastric and breast cancers. The models were evaluated on weakly supervised tasks related to biomarkers, morphological properties and prognostic outcomes. We show that a vision-language foundation model, CONCH, yielded the highest overall performance when compared with vision-only foundation models, with Virchow2 as close second, although its superior performance was less pronounced in low-data scenarios and low-prevalence tasks. The experiments reveal that foundation models trained on distinct cohorts learn complementary features to predict the same label, and can be fused to outperform the current state of the art. An ensemble combining CONCH and Virchow2 predictions outperformed individual models in 55% of tasks, leveraging their complementary strengths in classification scenarios. Moreover, our findings suggest that data diversity outweighs data volume for foundation models
National evidence on glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes from 62 low- and middle-income countries
Get PDFGiven rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Yet, it remains unknown which glucose-lowering medication types people with diabetes across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use. In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled nationally representative data of 223,283 adults aged ≥25 years in 62 LMICs from 2009 to 2019. We found that 51.9% [95%-CI: 49.6%, 54.2%] of 21,715 individuals with diabetes were undiagnosed. Among individuals with diagnosed diabetes, 18.6% [95%-CI: 14.5%, 23.4%] reported using no glucose-lowering medication, 57.3% [95%-CI: 53.1%, 61.4%] only used oral medication, 19.5% [95%-CI: 17.6%, 21.5%] used oral medication and insulin, and 4.7% [95%-CI: 3.9%, 5.6%] used insulin alone. In low-income countries, fewer individuals with diabetes were diagnosed and treated than in middle-income countries. Yet, among individuals who did get diagnosed, insulin use was two-thirds higher in low-income countries (38.9% [95%-CI: 31.6%, 46.7%]) compared to middle-income countries (23.2%; 95%-CI: 21.0%, 25.5%]). This finding could suggest a need for earlier diagnosis and treatment initiation. Our results can inform national and regional drug procurement efforts across LMICs
Identifying and addressing the components of extreme physical-oceanographical events for improved risk management in coastal systems
Get PDFExtreme physical-oceanographic events, such as marine heatwaves, fluvial floods, droughts and storm surges, have major impacts on local communities, economic sectors and ecosystems, and their frequency, intensity and duration increase due to climate change. There is a lack of understanding of the systemic drivers of extreme events as well as of their interconnected impacts on estuarine and coastal ecosystems. This knowledge is essential for assessing future impacts on ecosystem services and the local communities that depend on them, and to inform robust risk assessments and develop comprehensive risk management and adaptation strategies including early warning systems. Considering this, the German Alliance for Marine Research (DAM)-funded programme “ElbeXtreme” focuses on an integrated approach utilizing stakeholder engagement, data mining, experimental and field observations to develop novel observational and modelling approaches for assessing and monitoring risks in the Elbe estuary. The programme will deliver new insights into risks and impacts of extreme events in the estuarine system of the Elbe and the adjacent region of the North Sea (German Bight) to build a systemic risk understanding and support adaptation planning for local communities and ecosystems. Here we outline the rationale of the ElbeXtreme project and its planned activities, with the aim of stimulating national and international collaboration in tackling the urgent issue of marine and coastal risks