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Persistent deep-water formation in the Nordic Seas during Marine Isotope Stages 5 and 4 notwithstanding changes in Atlantic overturning
Get PDFAlongside shifts in Pacific and Southern Ocean carbon cycling, reductions in the extent and formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and the expansion of southern sourced waters in the Atlantic Ocean were linked to enhanced marine carbon storage during glacial periods and are considered key mechanisms explaining late Pleistocene atmospheric CO2 variations on glacial–interglacial timescales. However, changes in the formation of deep waters in the Nordic Seas, an important source of NADW, and their influence on the geometry and intensity of Atlantic overturning remain poorly understood, especially beyond the last glacial maximum, leaving possible impacts on atmospheric CO2 changes elusive. [...] , consistent with sustained Nordic Seas convection. In addition, slightly higher, yet statistically significant, mean bottom water [CO] during MIS 5e (sensu stricto, 126–116 ka before present) compared to the Holocene (last 10 ka) highlights the resilience of Nordic Seas overturning towards a warmer North Atlantic, decreased Arctic sea ice extent and meltwater supply from surrounding ice sheets, although centennial-scale perturbations cannot be excluded. A compilation of bottom water [CO] records from the Atlantic Ocean indicates that dense waters from the Nordic Seas may have continuously expanded into the intermediate and/or deep (western) North Atlantic via supply of dense-water overflows across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, diminishing the capacity of the North Atlantic to store carbon during MIS 4. Our study emphasises differences in the sensitivity of North Atlantic and Nordic Seas overturning dynamics to climate boundary conditions of the last glacial cycle that have implications for the carbon storage capacity of the Atlantic Ocean and its role in atmospheric CO2 variations
Associations Between Daily Step Counts and Sleep Parameters in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review
Get PDFBackground: People with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) often experience sleep disturbances and reduced physical activity. Altered sleep behavior and lower daily steps have been linked to disease severity and symptom burden. Although physical activity may influence sleep, few studies have examined the relationship between sleep parameters and daily steps in PD. This scoping review aimed to review current knowledge on sleep parameters and daily steps collected concurrently in PwPD and their potential association. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in five databases, PubMed, Web of Science, Sport Discus, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Methodological quality was assessed using a customized quality checklist developed by Zanardi and collaborators for observational studies, based on Downs and Black's work. Results: Out of 1421 records, five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Four studies reported wearable-based measurements of both step count and sleep parameters, while one study reported wearable-based measurements of step count and self-reported sleep measures. Two studies examined the association between sleep parameters and step count. One study did not find any correlation between sleep and step count, whereas one study reported a positive correlation between daytime sleepiness and step count. Conclusions: This review highlighted the lack of research investigating the relationship between sleep parameters and step count as an indicator of physical activity in PwPD. Findings are inconsistent with a potential positive correlation emerging between daytime sleepiness and step count. Findings also pointed toward lower step count and reduced sleep duration in PwPD, as measured with wearable devices
Author response to "Comment on: Burden of coeliac disease in Germany: real world insights from a large retrospective health insurance claims database analysis"
Get PDFWe agree with the commentary that distinguishing between incident and prevalent patients with CeD is important for understanding the disease’s economic implications. However, the limited timeframe of the available data restricts our ability to accurately identify adult CeD patients who are genuinely newly diagnosed, since most individuals with CeD are diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. The available observation period for patients with CeD is not long enough to follow patients from childhood diagnosis until adulthood. Thus, there is a risk of misclassifying incident patients as prevalent cases, but it should be acceptable regarding the overall evaluation, since the probability of incident patients at older age groups is lower.Given our interest in incident patients, we are currently preparing another publication focused specifically on newly diagnosed children with CeD
Editorial
Get PDFDie Christiana Albertina wurde 1966 als Kieler Universitätszeitschrift gegründet und ist seither wichtiges Instrument zur Verbreitung und Dokumentation der Geschichte, Entwicklungen und Leistungen der CAU nach innen und außen. Das aktuelle Heft 86 bietet ein breites Themenspektrum: Es reicht vom Urweltmammutbaum im Alten Botanischen Garten über die Geschichte und Architektur des Sportforums und die Fenster der Universitätskirche bis hin zu den historischen Verbindungen der Kieler Universität mit den Hochschulen in Zagreb und Posen. Weitere Beiträge widmen sich dem 150-jährigen Jubiläum des Germanistischen Seminars, den Entwicklungen der Open-Access-Services der Universitätsbibliothek, dem Internationalen Netzwerk für Populismusforschung, der Entdeckung des ›Blinkerwalls‹ in der Mecklenburger Bucht sowie der Kleidung der Frauen im antiken Rom. Ergänzt wird das Heft durch Nachrufe und Würdigungen sowie durch Rezensionen aktueller Publikationen zur CAU.The Christiana Albertina was founded in 1966 as the Kiel University magazine and has since been an important instrument for disseminating and documenting the history, developments and achievements of Kiel University both internally and externally. Issue 86 contains thematically wide-ranging articles on the dawn redwood in the Old Botanical Garden, the history and architecture of the Sports Forum, the windows of the University Church, the historical connections of Kiel University with the universities in Zagreb and Poznań, the 150th anniversary of the Department of German Studies, the development of the Open Access services of the University Library, the International Network for Research on Populism, the discovery of the ›Blinkerwall‹ in the Bay of Mecklenburg, as well as on women’s clothing in ancient Rome. In addition, it includes obituaries and tributes, as well as reviews of recent publications related to Kiel University
Towards More Predictable and Accessible Palladium-catalyzed C–H Activation
No full textThe doctoral work overall addresses the issue of making palladium-catalyzed C–H activation more interpretable, predictable and accessible. Chapter 1 explores the combination of multivariate linear regression (MLR) with nondirected arene C–H olefination. Experimental screening of various ligands informed DFT-parameterized MLR models which successfully enabled the regioselectivity predictions for monodentate pyridine ligands and the identification of a more effective ligand combination. For reaction yields decision trees were deemed suitable for dividing datasets into inactive and active regions, thereby allowing for the in-silico filtering of non-reactive ligands. Chapter 2 applies MLR to predict a more selective bidentate N-acylamino acid ligand in a regiodivergent thiophene alkynylation. Additional mechanistic studies revealed a ligand-dependent Curtin–Hammett scenario and limitations of DFT or CCSD(T) for qualitative selectivity predictions. This could be traced back to shortcomings of implicit solvation models, namely the inadequate truncation of intramolecular dispersion effects. The crucial role of silver in catalyst regeneration and suppression of alkyne homocoupling, and the beneficial role of the solvent in facilitating substrate coordination was also elucidated. Chapter 3 translates a C–H deuteration protocol for arenes into an M.Sc. laboratory course. Students applied advanced analytical and experimental techniques and were taught key concepts in C–H activation and NMR spectra simulation. The course was successfully implemented using only commercially available materials and serves as an accessible entry point for newcomers to C–H activation
In memoriam Prof. Dr. Dr. hc. Herbert Haag (1937–2025)
Get PDFNachruf auf Herbert Haag, langjähriger Direktor des ehemaligen Instituts Sport und Sportwissenschaft (ISS) der Philosophischen Fakultät der CAU.Obituary for Herbert Haag, long-time director of the former Institute of Sports and Sports Science (ISS) at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at Kiel University
Biological effects of munition left on sunken war ships in the North Sea: a multi-biomarker study using caged blue mussels and fish caught at WWII wreck sites at the Belgian coast
Get PDFThe environmental risks associated with dumped munitions, unexploded ordnance (UXO) and sunken war ships is gaining more and more attention nowadays, since these warfare materials may start leaking, posing a threat to marine wildlife. This study aims to assess the effects of pollution by explosives for marine fauna associated with sunken war ships still loaded with munitions at the time of sinking. For this purpose, transplanted blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) and passive samplers were exposed for several weeks on two WWII warship wrecks (HMS Basilisk and V1302, formerly named John Mahn) to detect leakage of explosives and to characterize the effects of those substances on mussel health. In addition, fish (Trisopterus luscus) dwelling at V1302 were caught and investigated following the same approach as used with the mussels. The hazardous potential of dissolved explosives was assessed using multi-biomarker analysis, which includes the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as histochemical biomarkers like lysosomal membrane stability (LMS), lipofuscin (LIPF), neutral lipids (NL) and glycogen (GLY) as an indicator of mussel’s energy reserve. Chemical analysis of passive samplers as well as mussel and fish tissue indicated leakage of explosives at both wrecks and a subsequent uptake by exposed organisms. The leakage of explosives was correlated with membrane impairments and signs of oxidative stress measured in exposed mussels and fish
Tumorvakzinierung: Chitosan-Nanopartikel als Vehikel zur Verbesserung der Antigenaufnahme von antigenpräsentierenden Zellen und einer tumorgerichteten Immunantwort
Get PDFAntigenpräsentierende Zellen (APC) wie Makrophagen und dendritische Zellen (DC) sind auf die Aufnahme und Präsentation von Antigenen spezialisiert. Über MHC-II-Präsentation aktivieren sie T-Helferzellen. DC können durch MCH-I-Kreuzpräsentation auch direkt zytotoxische T-Zellen aktivieren. So kann eine spezifische Immunantwort gegen Krebszellen induziert werden. Krebszellen können diesem Angriff durch Immun-Escape-Mechanismen, z.B. durch reduzierte Antigenpräsentation, entgehen. Tumorvakzinierungen zielen darauf ab, APC Tumorantigene gezielt (wieder) zugänglich zu machen, um eine effektive spezifische Immunantwort auszulösen. Chitosan-Nanopartikel (CNP) stellen aufgrund ihrer Biokompatibilität und immunstimulierenden Wirkung ein vielversprechendes Vehikel für diese Strategie dar. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Aufnahme FITC-konjugierter CNP (200 nm, 450 nm und 980 nm) in APC 24 Stunden nach CNP-Zugabe analysiert, um ihre Eignung hierfür zu untersuchen. Humane DC, M1- und M2-Makrophagen wurden aus Monozyten gesunder Spender differenziert; Die CNP-Aufnahme wurde zudem in murine DC sowie humane nicht-antigenpräsentierende Zellen untersucht. Durchflusszytometrisch wurde eine starke Assoziation der CNP mit allen Zelltypen ermittelt. ImageStream-Analysen und Konfokalmikroskopie bestätigten eine effiziente intrazelluläre Aufnahme. Größenabhängige Aufnahmeunterschiede zeigten sich nicht; Es ergaben sich jedoch Hinweise auf eine geringere Verträglichkeit der größeren CNP. In Kokulturen mit Lungenepithelzellen war die CNP-Aufnahme in DC höher als in die Epithelzellen. Zusammenfassend werden CNP effizient von APC aufgenommen und sind potenziell als Vehikel in Tumorvakzinierungsstrategien geeignet. Untersuchungen mit in CNP verkapselten relevanten Tumorantigenen sind vor einer Eruierung der Wirkung in in-vivo-Studien erforderlich
Association Between Body Mass Index and the Composition of Leucocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma: Implications for Personalized Approaches in Musculoskeletal Medicine
Get PDFPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained attention in regenerative medicine due to its bio-active proteins with tissue-healing potential. However, heterogeneity in PRP composition remains a major challenge for reproducibility and standardization. Given that body mass index (BMI) affects systemic blood parameters, we investigated whether BMI affects the cellular and molecular composition of PRP. Seventy-three participants were stratified into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups. PRP was prepared using a double-syringe system, and platelet activation was induced by freeze-thaw cycles. Whole blood and PRP cell counts were analyzed, and IL6, IGF1, HGF, and PDGF-BB levels in PRP were quantified by ELISA. Platelet enrichment and levels of IGF1, HGF, and PDGF-BB in PRP did not significantly differ between BMI groups. In contrast, IL6 concentrations were higher in normal-weight compared to overweight and obese individuals. Moreover, BMI-related associations emerged between platelet counts and PDGF-BB, and between PRP proteins and sex or caffeine intake, suggesting a more complex BMI-specific modulation of PRP composition. In conclusion, our findings support considering BMI as a relevant factor in PRP therapy. Incorporating BMI into PRP standardization strategies could improve reproducibility and support personalized regenerative approaches
Advances in Nasal Biopharmaceutics to Support Product Development and Therapeutic Needs
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: Nasal biopharmaceutics is the scientific understanding of product and patient factors that determine the rate and extent of drug exposure following nasal administration. The authors considered whether current biopharmaceutics tools are fit for the current and future needs of nasal product development and regulation. Methods: The limitations of current methods were critically assessed, unmet needs were highlighted, and key questions were posed to guide future directions in biopharmaceutics research. Results: The emergence of physiologically based biopharmaceutics models for nasal delivery has the potential to drive the scientific understanding of nasal delivery. Simulations can guide formulation and device development, inform dose selection and generate mechanistic insights. Developments in modeling need to be complemented by advances in experimental systems, including the use of realistic or idealized nasal casts to estimate the regional deposition of nasal sprays and refined in vitro cell culture models to study nasal drug absorption and the influence of mucus. Similarly, improvements are needed to address the practicalities of using animals in non-clinical studies of nasal drug delivery, and greater clinical use of gamma scintigraphy/magnetic resonance imaging is recommended to measure the delivery and nasal retention of different formulations in humans. Conclusions: Nasal drug delivery is a rapidly growing field and requires advances in nasal biopharmaceutics to support product innovation. Key needs are (i) validated clinically relevant critical product attributes for product performance and (ii) established links between how patients administer the product and where in the nose it deposits and dissolves in order to act or be absorbed, leading to its desired clinical effect