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The Relationship of Depth of Anaesthesia With Blink Reflex in Cats
No full textBackground: The blink reflex is a neurological response characterised by eyelid movements and can provide important data on
the state of anaesthesia. Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anaesthetic agent in cats and evaluation of eye reflexes under
this agent may help to better understand the depth of anaesthesia.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the blink reflex and the depth of anaesthesia in cats
and to evaluate the parameters that can be obtained from the blink reflex in addition to its effect in determining the depth of
anaesthesia.
Methods: All cats were premedicated with midazolam 0.1 mg kg−1 and butorphanol 0.4 mg kg−1. Propofol at a dose of 4 mg kg−1
was administered for the induction of anaesthesia. Following this, anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Anaesthesia
was maintained at a minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) value of 2.9, which is the end-tidal MAC value that provides deep
anaesthesia for cats. Following the end of the operation, electrical stimulation was given to the supraorbital nerve for each 0.1 for
each decreasingMAC value starting from the end-tidalMAC value of 2.9, and blink parameters were recorded from the orbicularis
oculi muscle. In this study, the mean latency, amplitude and duration values in sevoflurane anaesthesia in cats were determined.
Results: In cats, only two blink responses, R1 and R2, were found in all MAC values. At the same time, a very strong positive
correlation was found between R1 latency and MAC, and a moderate negative correlation was found between R2 latency and
MAC. There was a very strong negative correlation between R1 amplitude and MAC and a moderate positive correlation between
R2 amplitude andMAC. Therewas amoderate negative correlation between R1 duration andMAC and a weak negative correlation
between R2 duration and MAC. When the relationship between anaesthesia stages and MAC was compared, R1 amplitude and
R2 amplitude were found to be significant only between stage II and awake stage. In all other stages, R1 latency, R2 latency, R1
amplitude and R2 amplitude were not significant. All cats woke up with an average MAC value of 0.43 ± 0.20.
Conclusions: In this study, mean latency, amplitude and duration values in cats under sevoflurane anaesthesia were determined.
It was demonstrated that it was possible to elicit blink parameters in cats under sevoflurane anaesthesia with a short stimulus
sequence to the supraorbital nerve. Only two blink responses, R1 and R2, were elicited at all MAC values
Metagenomic analysis of microbial diversity in sucuk, a traditional Turkish dry-fermented sausage, and its relationship with organic acid compounds
No full textSucuk is a traditional Turkish fermented meat product that is widely consumed in T & uuml;rkiye. The aim of this study was to determine the microbial diversity and organic acid profile and to elucidate their mutual relationship. The most abundant phylum in sucuk was Firmicutes, followed by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria phyla. The most abundant genera in sucuk were Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Staphylococcus. Acetic, lactic, and tartaric acids were found in all sucuk samples. Tartaric and lactic acids were positively correlated with microbial diversity parameters. Furthermore, tartaric acid was found to be an indicator of the presence of a rare genus, while lactic acid was found to be an indicator of a balanced distribution among genus and the dominance of some genus. This study for the first time showed that the microbiota of fermented Turkish sausage will be an important contribution to future studies
Effects of Elizabethan Collar and Wound Protection Corset on Pain and Discomfort Levels in Cats Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy
No full textObjective: To compare the impacts of Elizabethan collar (EC) and wound protection corset (WPC) on pain and discomfort levels in cats following ovariohysterectomy. Study design: Prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Animals: Twenty-six healthy female cats. Methods: Animals were randomly assigned to two groups after midline celiotomy: One group wore an EC (n = 13), and the other wore a WPC (n = 13). Pain was evaluated using the Composite Measure Pain Scale-Feline (CMPS-F) and the Multidimensional Pain Scale (MCPS) at intervals of 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, with the requirement for rescue analgesia recorded. Discomfort was assessed through cortisol levels, behavioural observations and the frequency of misbehaviours. Results: No significant differences were observed between groups at all time intervals for CMPS-F and MCPS (p < 0.05). Rescue analgesic administration was similar between the groups, with 16 administrations in the WPC group and 17 in the EC group (p = 0.88). Cortisol levels also showed no significant difference between groups (WPC: 0.05 [0.05-0.3] vs. EC: 0.05 [0.05-0.8]; p = 0.09). Behavioural observations revealed significant differences in misbehaviours, with 10 out of 13 cats in the EC group attempting to remove their collars or exhibiting head shaking (p < 0.01), whereas no misbehaviours were noted in the WPC group. Conclusion: Both EC and WPC provided comparable pain management; however, the significant misbehaviours associated with EC use suggest increased discomfort level
Marketing Problems Of Agricultural Cooperatıves: An Applicatıon In Burdur Province
No full textThe aim of this research is to determine the marketing problems encountered in
agricultural cooperatives and the relationship between these problems and negative
marketing performance. In this sense, survey questions regarding marketing
environment problems, product-related problems, price-related problems, distributionrelated problems, promotion-related problems and negative marketing performance
were asked to the cooperative managers. Another aim of the research is to determine the
effect of marketing problems on negative marketing performance. In the research, a
questionnaire was applied to 104 dairy cooperative managers in the province of Burdur
using the full count method. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was
a positive and moderate relationship between the variables (p<0.01). According to the
regression analysis based on the relationship between the variables; It was found that
problems related to price and promotion affect marketing performance negatively
(p<0.01)
Eriocheir Hepuensis Dai, 1991 (Brachyura, Grapsoidea, Varunidae, Varuninae): Reporting The Southerly Distribution To Northern Vietnam
No full textEriocheir hepuensis Dai, 1991, the Hepu mitten crab, is here formally reported from Thanh Hoa and Quang Ninh Provinces, northern Vietnam. Previous reports of “E. sinensis” and “E. japonicus” from “Cua lông”, Thai Binh Province, northern Vietnam, require clarification, are probably misidentifications of E. hepuensis, and highlight the problems of species identification within Eriocheir. The taxonomy of E. hepuensis is also discussed
Geographic Genetic Structure of Alectoris chukar in Turkiye: Post-LGM-Induced Hybridization and Human-Mediated Contaminations
No full textTürkiye is considered an important evolutionary area for Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), since it is both a potential ancestral area and a diversification center for the species. Using 2 mitochondrial (Cty-b and D-loop) and 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers, we investigated the geographic genetic structure of A. chukar populations to determine how past climatic fluctuations and human activities have shaped the gene pool of this species in Türkiye. Our results indicate, firstly, that only A. chukar of the genus Alectoris is present in Türkiye (Anatolia and Thrace), with no natural or artificial gene flow from congenerics. Secondly, the geographic genetic structure of the species in Türkiye has been shaped by topographic heterogeneity, Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, and artificial transport by humans. Third, there appears to be three genetic clusters: Thracian, Eastern, and Western. Fourth, the post-LGM demographic expansion of the Eastern and Western populations has formed a hybrid zone in Central Anatolia (~8 kyBP). Fifth, the rate of China clade-B contamination in Türkiye is about 8% in mtDNA and about 12% in nuDNA, with the Southeastern Anatolian population having the highest contamination. Sixth, the Thracian population was the most genetically distinct, with the lowest genetic diversity and highest level of inbreeding and no China clad-B contamination. These results can contribute to the conservation regarding A. chukar populations, especially the Thracian population
An Evaluation Of Environment-Oriented Corporate Cooperation Projects In The Context Of Instrumentalization Of Social Responsibility In Turkey
No full textThe concept of social responsibility gained a corporate structure in the second half of
the 1900s. Corporate social responsibility projects, which find their place both in the
world and in Turkey, are embodied by companies' projects to solve social and
environmental problems. These projects seem to contradict the nature of capitalism,
mainly because they are the product of moral concerns. However, capitalist logic is
driven by economic concerns rather than moral values. For this reason, corporate social
responsibility can become a tool of economic actors acting for profit maximization.
Instrumentalization theory, one of the theories of corporate social responsibility,
emphasizes this aspect of capitalism. According to this theory, the primary responsibility
of a company is to maximize the profits of its shareholders. The instrumentalization
theory, also known as the "Friedman Doctrine", is frequently encountered in corporate
social responsibility projects. In this study, it is claimed that some environment-oriented
corporate cooperation projects in Turkey act in harmony with the instrumentalization
theory. According to the findings of the article, corporate social responsibility is
instrumentalized with environment-oriented corporate cooperation projects. In
particular, the institutional collaborations of TEMA and WWF Turkey foundations with
capitalist circles provide evidence that the logic of instrumentalization is clearly
revealed through social responsibility projects
Protective effects of resveratrol against fumonisin B1-induced liver toxicity in mice
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol against fumonisin B1
(FB1
)-induced liver toxicity, as, to the best of our
knowledge, these effects have not been investigated yet, even though the toxic effects and mechanisms of FB1
and the antioxidative effects
of resveratrol are well known. 40 BALB/c mice were divided into control, FB1
, resveratrol, and FB1
+resveratrol groups. Control received
saline for 14 days. The FB1
group received 2.25 mg/kg FB1
every other day for 14 days. The resveratrol group received 10 mg/kg resveratrol
for 14 days. The FB1
+resveratrol group received 2.25 mg/kg FB1
every other day and 10 mg/kg resveratrol every day for 14 days. All
administrations were peritoneal. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total sialic acid (TSA) levels were
analysed in serum samples, while total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured in the liver. Additionally,
the liver tissue was examined for histopathological changes. AST, ALT, and TSA were significantly higher in the FB1
group than control.
Resveratrol countered FB1
effects for all parameters, including TOS and TAS. Liver histology showed FB1
-induced hyperaemia, infiltrations,
and megalokaryosis in some hepatocytes. No pathological findings were detected in the control, resveratrol, or FB1
+resveratrol group.
Our findings confirm resveratrol’s protective effect against liver damage and oxidative stress caused by FB1
. In addition, they suggest that
increased serum TSA levels can be used as a biomarker of FB1
-induced hepatotoxicit
Ab initio study of fundamental properties of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, Cs) perovskites
No full textThe structural, elastic, anisotropic, and lattice dynamical properties of cubic perovskite compounds XInO3 (X = K, Rb, and Cs) are investigated using first-principles calculations. Electronic band structures and state densities revealed that the electronic nature of the studied materials exhibited half-metallicity properties. The existence of O p-d states close to the Fermi level contributes to the half-metallic properties. Moreover, polycrystalline properties, such as bulk, Young, and shear moduli and Pugh and Poisson ratios, have been determined. As a result of these characteristics, the compounds under consideration exhibited ductility behavior. As far as is known, since this is the first study of XInO3 (X = K, Rb, and Cs) compounds, this work sheds light on future works