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Evaluation of learning management systems using interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy-z numbers
No full textThe use of online education tools has increased rapidly with the transition to distance education caused by the pandemic. The obligation to carry out all activities of face-to-face education online made it very important for the tools used in distance education to meet the increasing needs. In line with these needs, radical changes have occurred in the learning management systems used in distance education. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to determine the features that the systems used in distance education should have and to compare the existing systems according to these features. For this purpose, a novel fuzzy extension, interval valued intuitionistic fuzzy Z-numbers, is defined for modeling uncertainty, and AHP and WASPAS methods using proposed fuzzy numbers are developed to determine the importance of decision criteria and compare alternatives.WOS:0010834495000112-s2.0-85173691458Emerging Sources Citation IndexArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRKasımYÖK - 2022-23Eki
The competence to conclude treaties in international law and the invalidity of treaties within the scope of article 46 of the Vienna convention on the law of treaties
No full textDevletlerin bir andlaşma ile bağlanma süreçlerinde iç hukuklarında uygulanacak usule ilişkin düzenlemeleri, uluslararası hukuk ile iç hukukun kesiştiği sınırlı alanlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte devletlerin bu alandaki düzenlemelerinin çeşitli usulleri içerdiği gözlenmektedir. Geleneksel olarak yürütmenin elinde olan andlaşma akdetme yetkisinin demokratikleşme süreçleriyle birlikte yasama ile paylaşılan bir uygulama halini aldığı görülmektedir. Kimi devletlerde bu süreçlere anayasa mahkemeleri veya benzer yetkiyle donatılmış yargı organlarının da dahil olması mümkün olabilir. Hatta halk oylamasından geçmesi öngörülen andlaşma akdetme usulleri de mevcuttur. İç hukukta öngörülen bu kuralların ihlal edilmesi yoluyla bir uluslararası andlaşmaya taraf olan devlet, andlaşmanın geçersizliğini 1969 Viyana Andlaşmalar Hukuku Sözleşmesi’nin (VAHS) 46. maddesine dayanarak ileri sürebilir. Uluslararasıcılık ile anayasalcılığı bağdaştırıcı bir çözüm sunar gibi gözüken bu hüküm, gerçekte son derece zor ve istisnaî bir uygulamaya sahiptir. Gerek devletlerin andlaşma akdetme konusundaki kurallarının karmaşık olması gerekse genel bir sınıflandırmayı zorlaştıracak kadar çeşitli olması, konuyu daha da çetrefilli hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, ilgili hükmün hazırlık çalışmaları, kapsamı ve sınırlarını ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelemektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, VAHS’nin hazırlık çalışmalarında da en tartışmalı konulardan biri olan bu geçersizlik gerekçesinin neden son derece istisnaî ve ileri sürüldüğünde başarı şansının zayıf olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bunların yanında, bu hükmün şu anda akademik çevrelerde tartışılmakta olan andlaşmalardan çekilmeye ilişkin kurallara benzer şekilde uygulanabilirliği de ele alınmıştır.The regulations governing the domestic procedures that states are to follow in their processes regarding the conclusion of a treaty represent one of the limited areas where international law intersects with domestic law. Nonetheless, the regulations in this area include various procedures. The power to conclude treaties, traditionally vested in the executive, has become a practice shared with the legislature in line with democratization processes. Constitutional courts or judicial bodies with similar powers may be able to be involved in these processes in some states. Other states even have treatyconcluding procedures that require a referendum. If a state becomes a party to an international treaty in violation these rules of domestic law, it may invoke the treaty’s invalidity under Article 46 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). While this provision may seem to challenge both internationalism and constitutionalism, its practical application proves to be extremely difficult and rare. Both the complexity of states’ rules on treaty-making and their diverse nature further complicates the matter to the extent that a general categorization becomes challenging. The study delves into the development, scope, and limitations of the relevant provision in VCLT and analyzes why this ground of invalidity, which was one of the most controversial issues in the preparatory work of the VCLT, is highly exceptional and unlikely to succeed if invoked. In addition, this study addresses the applicability of this provision to the rules on withdrawal from treaties that are currently under discussion in academia.WOS:001155134000003Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)ArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan -HAYIRYÖK- 2023-24Aralı
Reasons for Revocation of Custody
No full textKanun koyucu, ergin olana dek çocuğu koruyup kollamak, terbiye etmek ve çocuğa eğitim aldırmakla görevli velinin velayet hakkını çocuğun yararını merkeze alarak kullanmasını; çocuğun kişi varlığı bakımından yararını veya gelişimini tehlikeye düşüren durumların varlığı halinde ise hakimin çocuğun korunması için bir dizi tedbiri almasını öngörmektedir. Bu tedbirler öncelikle çocuğun korunmasına yönelik duruma uygun çeşitli emirler ve düzenlemeler olabileceği gibi, çocuğun bir kuruma veya aile yanına yerleştirilmesini içerebilir. Anılan tedbirlerden sonuç alınamaz veya sonuç alınamayacağı baştan belli olur ise, bir son çare tedbiri olarak velayet hakkının kaldırılması söz konusu olabilir. Ancak velayet hakkının kaldırılması, kanunda sınırlayıcı olarak belirtilmiş olan sebeplerin birinin varlığı halinde mümkündür. Bu sebepler, kural olarak velayet hakkını birlikte kullanan ana ve babanın deneyimsizlik, rahatsızlık, başka bir yerde bulunma ve benzeri bir sebeple velayet görevini gereğince yerine getirme hususundaki aczi ile çocuğa yeterli ilgi göstermeme veya çocuğa karşı velayetten kaynaklanan yükümlülüklerini ağır şekilde savsaklaması hallerinden ibarettir. Ayrıca velinin üçüncü kişiyle evlenmesi kural olarak velayetin kaldırılması sebebi olmamakla birlikte, duruma göre çocuğun yararı gerektiriyorsa velayetin kaldırılmasına yol açabilmektedir.The legislator provides that the parent, who is responsible for protecting, nurturing and educating the child until he/she becomes an adult, should use the right of custody by putting the child's best interest in the centre; and the judge to take a series of measures in order to protect the child in case of situations endangering the child's best interest or development in terms of his/her personality. These measures may include various orders and regulations regarding the protection of the child, as well as placing the child in an institution or family. lf the aforementioned measures fail or it becomes clear from the beginning that no results can be obtained, the right of custody may be revoked as a last resort measure. However, the revocation of the right of custody is possible in the presence of one of the limited number of reasons specified in the law. These reasons consist of the inability of the parents, who use the right of custody together as a rule, to fulfil their custody duties due to inexperience, illness, being elsewhere and similar reasons and not showing enough attention to the child or severely neglecting their obligations to the child arising from custody. in addition, the marriage of a parent to a third party does not constitute a reason far the revocation of custody as a rule, but it may lead thereto if required in order to ensure the child's best interest.Aralı
Differential effect of young adults and students metacognitive skills in mathematics problem solving process
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine how young adults and pupils use their metacognitive abilities such as cognitive strategies and self-checking during the mathematics problem-solving process. The study group consisted of 12 young adults selected from three different faculties in a foundation university and 32 pupils from public and privateK-12 schools, Istanbul, Turkey. Multimodal mixed-methods design was employed, where participants were asked to think out loud while solving ten mathematical problems. The experimental process was recorded with the use of eye-tracking, which was utilized to evaluate the active use of metacognitive sub-skills. The findings from the experimental process revealed that there is a significant difference between the amount of reflection of young adults’ and pupils' cognitive strategy and self-checking skill levels on their responses to mathematics problem solving process in favor of pupils.Temmu
The minimum variance distortionless response beamformer for damage identification using modal curvatures
No full textThis study presents a damage identification procedure in beams based on the use of beamforming algorithms, which are mostly utilized in inverse problems of source identification and image reconstruction. We choose the modal curvatures as observed quantities and compare the performance of the Bartlett beamformer, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) processor, and of a conventional objective function based on the modal curvatures. By means of a set of experiments, we show that the MVDR processor can overcome some of the difficulties encountered with other estimators, especially in cases of slight damage, or damage located between two sensors. © 2023, Association of American Publishers. All rights reserved.2-s2.0-8515265642
Comparing humans and deep neural networks on face recognition under various distance and rotation viewing conditions
No full textHumans possess impressive skills for recognizing faces even when the viewing conditions are challenging, such as long ranges, non-frontal regard, variable lighting, and atmospheric turbulence. We sought to characterize the effects of such viewing conditions on the face recognition performance of humans, and compared the results to those of DNNs. In an online verification task study, we used a 100 identity face database, with images captured at five different distances (2m, 5m, 300m, 650m and 1000m) three pitch values (00 - straight ahead, +/- 30 degrees) and three levels of yaw (00, 45, and 90 degrees). Participants were presented with 175 trials (5 distances x 7 yaw and pitch combinations, with 5 repetitions). Each trial included a query image, from a certain combination of range x yaw x pitch, and five options, all frontal short range (2m) faces. One was of the same identity as the query, and the rest were the most similar identities, chosen according to a DNN-derived similarity matrix. Participants ranked the top three most similar target images to the query image. The collected data reveal the functional relationship between human performance and multiple viewing parameters. Nine state-of-the-art pre-trained DNNs were tested for their face recognition performance on precisely the same stimulus set. Strikingly, DNN performance was significantly diminished by variations in ranges and rotated viewpoints. Even the best-performing network reported below 65% accuracy at the closest distance with a profile view of faces, with results dropping to near chance for longer ranges. The confusion matrices of DNNs were generally consistent across the networks, indicating systematic errors induced by viewing parameters. Taken together, these data not only help characterize human performance as a function of key ecologically important viewing parameters, but also enable a direct comparison of humans and DNNs in this parameter regimeAğusto
Commemorations of Sinan: Creating a National Hero in Turkey in the 1930s
No full textSinan (d.1588) is the most renowned architect of the Ottoman Empire. His buildings, located throughout the eastern Mediterranean, were central to a dynastic and religious architectural heritage that was inherited by a modern and secular Turkish nation state, established in 1923. This article examines how Sinan was refashioned as a national hero in the early decades of the Republic. It focuses on commemorations of Sinan and their major venue: his Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul. In my analysis of these commemorations, I draw on a wide and diverse array of primary source materials, including written, photographic, artistic, and other visual materials from the 1930s and 1940s that are located in official, semi-official, and other collections. By doing so, this article reveals how the variety of nationalist approaches to Sinan and his architecture coexisted and competed.WOS:0010318468000052-s2.0-85148719487Arts & Humanities Citation IndexArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRTemmuzYÖK - 2022-2
Legal Transactions Requiring Approval of Guardianship and Supervisory Authority
No full textVesayet, sınırlı ehliyetsiz veya tam ehliyetsiz sayılan kimselerin hukuki güvenliğini sağlamak için TMK tarafından öngörülen iki temel yasal temsil rejiminden biridir. Diğer rejim velayettir. Velayette veli her zaman ana ve/veya baba olduğu için bunlara güven tamdır. Oysa vesayette vasi çoğu zaman ana baba dışındaki kimselerdir. Zayıf durumdaki bir kişinin en iyi ve doğal koruyucusu onu dünyaya getiren kişiler, yani ana ve babadır. Bu paradigmadan hareket eden kanun koyucu velinin denetimine çok sınırlı hallerde gerek duymuşken vasi üzerinde ise tam bir güvensizliğe dayalı düzenlemeler öngörmüştür. Vasi TMK m. 462'de sayılan on dört kalem önemli işlem bakımından vesayet makamının iznine tabi tutulmuştur. Vesayet makamı özel vesayette aile meclisi iken kamu vesayetinde sulh mahkemesidir. Yine TMK m. 463'te yedi kalem olarak sayılan ve daha önemli olduğu kabul edilen işlemler bakımından da vesayet makamının iznine ilave olarak denetim makamının da izni aranmıştır. Denetim makamı her zaman asliye mahkemesidir.Guardianship is one of two legal representation regimes provided by the Turkish Civil Code (TCC) in order to provide the legal security of the minors and the persons under guardianship. The other regime is custody. Since the guardians are always the mother and father or one of them in custody, they are fully trusted. However, in guardianship, the guardian is principally someone else other than the parents. The best and natural protector of a weak person are his/her parents. Acting from this paradigm, the legislator required the supervision of the parent in exceptional situations, while it envisaged regulations based on complete distrust on the guardian. Guardian is subject to the permission of the guardianship authority in terms of important transactions which were listed as fourteen items in TCC Art. 462. While the guardianship authority is the family council under private tutelage, it is the court of peace under public tutelage. in addition to the permission of the guardianship authority, the permission of the supervisory authority was sought in terms of the transactions that were listed as seven items in TCC Art. 463 and considered to be more important. The supervisory authority is always the court of first instance.Hazira
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No full textKH00162MEF Üniversitesi Kütüphane Direktörü Ertuğrul Çimen, ÜNAK Web Seminerleri 2022 kapsamında düzenlenen IFLA WLIC "Toplantısına Ücretsiz Katılmak Mümkün Mü?" başlıklı seminerde konuşmacı olarak yer aldı.Nisa