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Disability and disability rights under the prohibition of discrimination
No full textEngellilik, toplumlar tarihinin başlangıcından itibaren varlığını sürdüren birolgudur. Tarih boyunca çağın egemen olan bakış açısına göre çeşitli değerlendirilmeler yapılmıştır. Nihayetinde engellilerin, temel insan haklarına dahi erişebilmesinin önündeki temel bariyer ayrımcılık olgusu olmuştur. Toplumlar tarihinde yaşanan büyük ıstırapların temel kaynağına bakıldığında, bir yerlerde ayrımcılık olgusuyla rastlaşmak mümkündür. Temel insan hakları metinlerinin pek çoğunda farklı düzlemlerde ayrımcılık yasaklanmıştır. Bu bağlamdaki metinler, engellilik temelindeki ayrımcılıktan doğan hak ihlallerini frenleme açısından oldukça önemlidir. Esasen insan hakları metinlerinin temel amacı genel olarak insanların haklarını korumaktır. Bu bağlamda engelliler özelinde bağımsız düzenlemelere gereksinim duyulmayacağı düşünülebilir. Lakin uygulamada çeşitli güvencelerin alınması bir gereklilik olarak gözükmektedir.Disability is a phenomenon that has existed since the beginning of the history of societies. Throughout history, various evaluations have been made according to the prevailing point of view of the age. Ultimately, the main barrier preventing people with disabilities from accessing even basic human rights has been the phenomenon of discrimination. When we look at the main source of the great sufferings experienced in the history of societies, it is possible to come across the phenomenon of discrimination somewhere. Many of the basic human rights texts prohibit discrimination on different levels. The texts in this context are very important in terms of curbing rights violations arising from discrimination on the basis of disability. In fact, the main purpose of human rights texts is to protect the rights of people in general. In this context, it can be thought that there will be no need for independent regulations for the disabled. However, in practice, it seems to be a necessity to obtain various assurances
Suça sürüklenen çocukların ceza sorumluluğu ve yargılanmaları [2023]
No full textÇocuk, saflığın ve kusursuzluğun simgesidir. Ancak çocuklar; bedensel, düşünsel, ekonomik ve sosyal yönden yetersiz olduklarından bağımlı insanlardır. Bu nedenle çocuklar, geçmişte(tarihte) olduğu gibi günümüzde de toplumun en çok sömürülen kesimini oluşturmaktadır. Hukukun asıl işlevi, güçsüzleri korumaktır. Bu nedenlerle, insanlığın geleceği olan çocukların korunması için özel bir hukuki düzenlemeye gereksinim doğmuştur. Bunun sonucu olarak, uluslararası bildirgeler biçiminde çeşitli ve ayrı düzenlemeler yapılmıştır. Bunlardan en önemlisi, 20 Kasım 1989 günü Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurulunca kabul edilen “Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşme”dir. Bundan dolayı her yıl 20 kasım günü çocuk hakları günü olarak kutlanmaktadır. Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları sözleşmesi hükümleri, ülkemizde 1995 yılında Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi tarafından onaylanarak kabul edilmiş olduğundan, iç hukukumuzun bir parçası hâlinde gelmiş ve yasal olarak devletimizi bağlamaktadır. Görülüyor ki çocukların özel olarak korunmalarını, hukuksal düzlemde Birleşmiş Milletler Çocuk Hakları Sözleşmesi ile Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasası, açıkça buyurmuşlardır. Böylece çocukların haklarını korumakla yükümlü “devlet” dir. Çocuğa ve onun haklarına yapılan yatırım, gelecek kuşaklara yönelik en önemli yatırımdır. Atatürk’ün çocuklara verdiği değeri gösteren sözleriyle; “Çocuklar geleceğimizin güvencesi ve yaşama sevincimizdir, bugünün çocuğunu, yarının büyüğü olarak yetiştirmek hepimizin insanlık görevidir.” Çocuklar, nasıl bir çocukluk yaşarsalar, onlar da öylesine bir büyüklük (yetişkinlik) yaşarlar ve kendilerinden sonra gelecek kuşaklara da öylesine bir çocukluk yaşatırlar. Bu nedenle, bir toplumun demokratik kültürüne ve geleceğine ilişkin en yararlı yatırım, en verimli katkı çocuk haklarını kökleştirme, sayılabilir. Böylece çocuk hakları kapsamında, uluslararası insan hakları ve anayasal temel haklar, yalnızca çocuklar için yenilenmekle kalmazlar; aynı zamanda tüm toplum için derinleştirerek yaygınlaştırılmış olur. Çocuk hakları, insan haklarının ve anayasal temel hakların onsekiz yaşından küçük çocuklara da tanınması ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Türkiye nüfusunun yaklaşık yüzde otuzu (27,5) onsekiz yaşından küçük çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Ülkemiz gibi genç ve çocuk nüfusunun yüksek olduğu, genelde “insan hakları”, özelde ise “çocuk hakları” konusundaki çalışmaların önemi çok daha büyük ve anlamlı olmaktadır.Hazira
Understanding Covid-19 Mobility Through Human Capital: A Unified Causal Framework
No full textThis paper seeks to identify the causal impact of educational human capital on social distancing behavior at workplace in Turkey using district-level data for the period of April 2020 - February 2021. We adopt a unified causal framework, predicated on domain knowledge, theory-justified constraints anda data-driven causal structure discovery using causal graphs. We answer our causal query by employing machine learning prediction algorithms; instrumental variables in the presence of latent confounding and Heckman's model in the presence of selection bias. Results show that educated regions are able to distance-work and educational human capital is a key factor in reducing workplace mobility, possibly through its impact on employment. This pattern leads to higher workplace mobility for less educated regions and translates into higher Covid-19 infection rates. The future of the pandemic lies in less educated segments of developing countries and calls for public health action to decrease its unequal and pervasive impact.WOS:0009378408000012-s2.0-8514846576136844967Science Citation Index Expanded-Social Sciences Citation IndexarticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRMartYÖK - 2022-2
Probabilistic seismic microzonation for ground shaking intensity, a case study in Türkiye
No full textThe purpose of seismic microzonation is to estimate earthquake characteristics on the ground surface based on a probabilistic approach to mitigate earthquake damage in the foreseeable future for the new buildings, as well as for the existing building stock. The probabilistic analysis and related results are very important from an engineering perspective since the nature of the problem can only be dealt with in a probabilistic manner. The uncertainties associated with these analyses may be large due to the uncertainties in source characteristics, soil profile, soil properties, and building inventory. At this stage, the probability distribution of the related earthquake parameters on the ground surface may be determined based on hazard-compatible input acceleration-time histories, site profiles, and dynamic soil properties. One option, the variability in earthquake source and path effects may be considered using a large number of acceleration records compatible with the site-dependent earthquake hazard. Likewise, large numbers of soil profiles may be used to account for the site-condition variability. The seismic microzonation methodology is proposed based on the probabilistic assessment of these factors involved in site response analysis. The second important issue in seismic microzonation procedure is the selection of microzonation parameters. The purpose being mitigation of structural damage, it is possible to adopt earthquake parameters like cumulative average velocity (CAV) or Housner intensity (HI) that was observed to have better correlation with building damage after earthquakes. A seismic microzonation procedure will be developed with respect to ground shaking intensity considering probabilistic values of the cumulative average velocity (CAV) or Housner intensity (HI).WOS:0010878449000032-s2.0-85173792292ArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - HAYIRNovemberYÖK - 2022-23Kası
Resolving conflicts during human-robot co-manipulation
No full textUK Research and Innovation, UKRI: EP/S033718/2, EP/T022493/1, EP/V00784XThis work is partially funded by UKRI and CHIST-ERA (HEAP: EP/S033718/2; Horizon: EP/T022493/1; TAS Hub: EP/V00784X).This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) approach to detect and resolve motion conflicts that occur between a human and a proactive robot during the execution of a physically collaborative task. We train a random forest classifier to distinguish between harmonious and conflicting human-robot interaction behaviors during object co-manipulation. Kinesthetic information generated through the teamwork is used to describe the interactive quality of collaboration. As such, we demonstrate that features derived from haptic (force/torque) data are sufficient to classify if the human and the robot harmoniously manipulate the object or they face a conflict. A conflict resolution strategy is implemented to get the robotic partner to proactively contribute to the task via online trajectory planning whenever interactive motion patterns are harmonious, and to follow the human lead when a conflict is detected. An admittance controller regulates the physical interaction between the human and the robot during the task. This enables the robot to follow the human passively when there is a conflict. An artificial potential field is used to proactively control the robot motion when partners work in harmony. An experimental study is designed to create scenarios involving harmonious and conflicting interactions during collaborative manipulation of an object, and to create a dataset to train and test the random forest classifier. The results of the study show that ML can successfully detect conflicts and the proposed conflict resolution mechanism reduces human force and effort significantly compared to the case of a passive robot that always follows the human partner and a proactive robot that cannot resolve conflicts. © 2023 Copyright is held by the owner/author(s).2-s2.0-8515037875
An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties scale in Turkey: Implications for other non-WEIRD countries
No full textThe Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a very widely used scale in which parents, teachers or the child rate various aspects of the child's well-being. It is widely used in the Western world and is translated into 80+ languages. It is also used in countries that do not classify as WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic). However, unlike WEIRD countries, some studies indicate that the psychometric properties of the SDQ when used in non-WEIRD countries are questionable. Therefore, we gave the SDQ to the mothers and teachers of 310 3- to 5-year-olds in urban centres of Turkey and examined its psychometric properties. Turkey is not a WEIRD country because it is not Western, although the participants in our study were well educated, living in an industrialized area, rich relative to others in Turkey (although poor relative to Westerners) and democratic. As such, it is not drastically different from WEIRD countries and our question was whether even relatively small deviations from standard WEIRD criteria could result in questionable psychometric properties for the SDQ.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu - 112K038WOS:0010939078000012-s2.0-85174608534Social Sciences Citation IndexArticle;Early AccessUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan - EVETKasımYÖK - 2022-23YÖK - 2022-23Eylü
Out-of-plane seismic performance of bed-joint reinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) infill walls damaged under cyclic in-plane displacement reversals
No full textScientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK); [1649B031700370]All of the sources of funding for the work described in this publication are acknowledged below: 2211-a, scholarship reference number 1649B031700370. PhD scholarship granted to Omer Faruk HaliciThe infill walls made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC), which is a lightweight, fire resistant and energy efficient material, provide effective insulation solutions for building types of structures and becoming more and more popular in earthquake prone regions. Although the number of experimental tests examining the seismic response of clay brick infills is extensive, the amount of prior research on infill walls built of AAC blocks is rather limited. Past research revealed that the use of bed-joint reinforcement is one of the promising solutions to improve the global seismic response of masonry walls by enhancing strength and displacement capacity. In this study, the out-of-plane (OOP) seismic performance of AAC infill walls with flat-truss and innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement is experimentally evaluated. Also, consideration is given to the prior in-plane (IP) damage, which was found to degrade the seismic performance of infills in OOP direction. For this purpose, three IP and four OOP, in total, seven experimental tests were performed on four full-scale AAC infill wall specimens. The test parameters were selected in such a way as to make it possible to parametrically compare the OOP performance of AAC infills with flat-truss and cord-type bed-joint reinforcements with unreinforced AAC infill walls, together with the effect of prior IP damage on the OOP response of unreinforced AAC infill walls. It was found that the use of innovative cord-type bed-joint reinforcement improved the OOP strength to a similar extent to what was obtained from the truss-type reinforced specimen. In terms of ultimate displacement and energy dissipation capacity enhancement, the specimen with cord-type reinforcement performed better. In addition, the damages formed due to IP cyclic displacement reversals up to 0.005 drift ratio, which is defined as the drift limit for buildings with brittle infill walls in certain design codes, resulted in a significant reduction in the OOP strength and stiffness properties of AAC infills. The theoretical OOP strength calculations were found to provide unconservative strength values for the IP-damaged specimens.WOS:0009925238000012-s2.0-85162234295Science Citation Index ExpandedarticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVETNisanYÖK - 2022-2
What predicts perceived discrimination among white Americans? Findings from two nationally representative studies
No full textMany national or racial majority groups increasingly perceive discrimination against their group, despite objective indicators of advantage. The present studies simultaneously test three individual-level explanations of perceived discrimination among White Americans: system legitimizing beliefs, economic precarity, and group interest, in addition to corresponding predictors at the context (state) level. Using multilevel analysis, we analyzed nationally-representative data from the 2016 American National Election Survey (N = 2631)-an election period marked by discourse about majority group grievances. Results showed that, at the individual level, system-legitimizing beliefs (symbolic racism, conservatism, realistic, and symbolic threat) predicted perceived discrimination among Whites, as did objective (income) and subjective (perceived financial insecurity) economic precarity. Conversely, group interest (indicated by White racial identification) was not a significant predictor. At the state level, support for the Republican candidate also predicted perceived discrimination. These findings replicated with data from the 2012 American National Election Survey (N = 3261). We discuss the implications of White Americans' discrimination claims in the current socio-political climate.WOS:0009288442000012-s2.0-85147522987Social Sciences Citation IndexarticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılan - EVETMartYÖK - 2022-2
Artificial intelligence augmented iterative product decoding
No full textPub. No: US20230216522A1A method for product decoding within a data storage system includes receiving data to be decoded within a first decoder; performing a plurality of decoding iterations to decode the data utilizing a first decoder and a second decoder; and outputting fully decoded data based on the performance of the plurality of decoding iterations. Each of the plurality of decoding iterations includes (i) decoding the data with the first decoder operating at a first decoder operational mode to generate once decoded data; (ii) sending the once decoded data from the first decoder to the second decoder; (iii) receiving error information from the first decoder with an artificial intelligence system; (iv) selecting a second decoder operational mode based at least in part on the error information that is received by the artificial intelligence system; and (v) decoding the once decoded data with the second decoder operating at the second decoder operational mode to generate twice decoded data; and outputting fully decoded data based on the performance of the plurality of decoding iterations.Hazira
"MEF ÜNİVERSİTESİ Kütüphanesİ Örneğİ"
No full textBu çalışmada, MEF Üniversitesi Kütüphanesi örneği baz alınarak, ulusal ve uluslararası alanlarda akademik kütüphaneler arasında kaynak paylaşımı konusunda izlenen yol ve yöntemler ele alınmıştır. Bu alanda izlenen yol ve yöntemlerden hareketle Türkiye ve dünyada kaynak paylaşımın kurumlar için ne anlam ifade ettiği, kaynak paylaşımda artıların ve eksilerinin neler olduğu, kurumlar arası işbirliğinin kaynak paylaşımda ne gibi bir rolü ve etkisi olduğu gibi çeşitli konular üzerine tartışılmıştır