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Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty versus locked plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: For surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures (PHF) in older patients, there is no consensus if locked plate fixation (LPF) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) yields better clinical results. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the clinical and functional outcomes of LPF and RTSA. We hypothesized that RTSA would outperform LPF in patients with PHF aged 65 years or older. Materials & Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed and Google Scholar from 1 July 2022 up to 12 January 2024 by two independent reviewers. Comparative studies reporting on the functional outcome using the Constant-Murley score (CMS) in patients aged 65 years or older, treated after 2012 for PHF with LPF or RTSA and with a mean follow-up time of at least 12 months were included. Ten studies with 244 LPF and 287 RTSA patients were included into the statistical analysis. We used a frequentist network meta-analysis to assess the comparative effectiveness of the treatments. Individual risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the ROB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Results: Our network meta-analysis of the CMS resulted in the following order ranked from lowest to highest: LPF, LPF + screw augmentation, hemiarthroplasty (HA), RTSA + cemented stem, non-surgical treatment, LPF + fibular allograft, RTSA with an inclination angle of 135° (RTSA IA 135°), RTSA. However, none of the direct or indirect comparisons resulted in statistically noticeable differences. Conclusion: In conclusion, functional superiority of either treatment method is still unknown, with even high-powered RCT not being able to detect statistically noticeable differences in terms of function. Patient-individual factors, such as bone quality, sex and age have to be included when making treatment decisions
Structural enrichment for laboratory mice: exploring the effects of novelty and complexity
No full textProviding structural enrichment is a widespread refinement method for laboratory rodents and other animals in captivity. So far, animal welfare research has mostly focused on the effect of increased complexity either by accumulating or combining different enrichment items. However, increasing complexity is not the only possibility to refine housing conditions. Another refinement option is to increase novelty by regularly exchanging known enrichment items with new ones. In the present study, we used pair-housed non-breeding female C57BL/6J and DBA/2N mice to investigate the effect of novelty when applying structural enrichment. We used a double cage system, in which one cage served as home cage and the other as extra cage. While the home cage was furnished in the same way for all mice, in the extra cage we either provided only space with no additional enrichment items (space), a fixed set of enrichment items (complexity), or a changing set of enrichment items (novelty). Over 5 weeks, we assessed spontaneous behaviors, body weight, and extra cage usage as indicators of welfare and preference. Our main results showed that mice with access to structurally enriched extra cages (complexity and novelty) spent more time in their extra cages and complexity mice had lower latencies to enter their extra cages than mice with access to the extra cages without any structural enrichment (space). This indicates that the mice preferred the structurally enriched extra cages over the structurally non-enriched space cages. We found only one statistically significant difference between the novelty and complexity condition: during week 3, novelty mice spent more time in their extra cages than complexity mice. Although we did not detect any other significant differences between the novelty and complexity condition in the present study, more research is required to further explore the potential benefits of novelty beyond complexity
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles with Phosphorescent Complexes as Hybrid Contrast Agents: Integration of MRI and PLIM
No full textTwo different hybrid nanosystems are prepared by loading highly crystalline, monodisperse magnetite nanocubes (MNCs) with phosphorescent Pt(II) complexes (PtCxs). One involves the encapsulation of the hydrophobic PtCx1 within an amphiphilic comb polymer (MNC@poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) [PMAO]–PtCx1), whereas the other involves the direct binding of the hydrophilic PtCx2 to the surface of the MNC mediated by a ligand-exchange procedure (MNC@OH–PtCx2). Both systems are evaluated as potential candidates for multimodal imaging in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoluminescence lifetime imaging micro(spectro)scopy (PLIM). PLIM measurements on agarose phantoms demonstrate significantly longer excited-state lifetimes compared to the short-lived autofluorescence of biological background. Additionally, both nanosystems perform as effective MRI contrast agents (CAs): the r2* values are 3–4 times higher than for the commercial CA ferucarbotran. MNC@PMAO–PtCx1 particles also cause significant increases in r2. While the ligand exchange procedure efficiently anchors PtCxs to the MNC surface, the polymeric encapsulation ensures higher colloidal stability, contributing to differences in PLIM and MRI outcomes. In these results, the successful integration of two complementary noninvasive imaging modalities within a single nanosystem is confirmed, serving as the impetus for further investigation of such systems as advanced multimodal–multiscale imaging agents with dual orthogonal readouts
Testing the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behavior in a multi-laboratory setting identifies opportunities for improving experimental rigor
No full textThe reproducibility of studies involving insect species is an underexplored area in the broader discussion about poor reproducibility in science. Our study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic multi-laboratory investigation into the reproducibility of ecological studies on insect behavior. We implemented a 3 × 3 experimental design, incorporating three study sites, and three independent experiments on three insect species from different orders: the turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae, Hymenoptera), the meadow grasshopper (Pseudochorthippus parallelus, Orthoptera), and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum, Coleoptera). Using random-effect meta-analysis, we compared the consistency and accuracy of treatment effects on insect behavioral traits across replicate experiments. We successfully reproduced the overall statistical treatment effect in 83% of the replicate experiments, but overall effect size replication was achieved in only 66% of the replicates. Thus, though demonstrating sufficient reproducibility in some measures, this study also provides the first experimental evidence for cases of poor reproducibility in insect experiments. Our findings further show that reasons causing poor reproducibility established in rodent research also hold for other study organisms and research questions. We believe that a rethinking of current best practices is required to face reproducibility issues in insect studies but also across disciplines. Specifically, we advocate for adopting open research practices and the implementation of methodological strategies that reduce bias and problems arising from over-standardization. With respect to the latter, the introduction of systematic variation through multi-laboratory or heterogenized designs may contribute to improved reproducibility in studies involving any living organisms
Tubed embeddings
No full textWe consider the following question: when does a Riemannian manifold admit an
embedding with a uniformly thick tubular neighborhood in another Riemannian manifold of
large dimension
Von Skepsis zur Zuversicht. Deutschland im Visier niederländischer politischer Zeichner 1945-2020
No full textDas Verhältnis zwischen den Niederlanden und Deutschland war lange Zeit von einem Widerspruch geprägt. Annäherung aufgrund er ökonomischen und sicherheitspolitischen Interessen der Niederlande, Ablehnung und große Skepsis aufgrund der problematischen historischen Erfahrungen mit dem Nachbarstaat. Diese Untersuchung machte diesen Zwiespalt auch in den politischen Zeichnungen sichtbar. Deren Deutschlandbild verändert sich jedoch mit der Normalisierung der vielfältigen Beziehungen beider Länder, wodurch der Blick der Zeichner auf Deutschland weniger aufgeregt wurde. In den 75 Jahren kommentierten die niederländischen politischen Zeichner allerdings immer wieder Entwicklungen in Deutschland mit Skepsis und zum Teil mit scharfer Kritik. Das Deutschlandbild wird wahrscheinlich auch in Zukunft Schwankungen ausgesetzt sein, ausgelöst durch den Gegensatz zwischen einem großen, mächtigeren Land und einem kleinen Land mit geringerem Einfluss, zu sehen dann auch in den politischen Zeichnungen
Auslandsaufenthalte im Studiengang der Zahnheilkunde am Studienstandort Münster – eine Bedarfsanalyse zur Möglichkeit von internationalen Studienaufenthalten
No full textIntroduction: Stays abroad in the form of study visits and clinical traineeships, for example, have been rare in dentistry degree programmes in Germany to date. The new ZApprO (date of issue: 8 July 2019) offers the opportunity to integrate stays abroad into the degree programme through the introduction of modules, ECTS points and clinical traineeships, among other things. The aim of this study was to analyse the student perspective on this topic. Methodology: In the summer term of 2021, a voluntary and anonymous online survey was conducted among dental students at the University of Münster. In addition to demographic data, the questionnaire also included key questions on content. Results: With a response rate of 55%, a total of 371 students took part in the survey. 96% of the study participants stated that they would like to gain experience abroad as part of their studies, almost half of them even in the case of missing or only partial recognition of academic achievements. This includes clinical traineeships (30%) and semester-long stays (32%) or both (28%). The loss of time in the progression of studies, financing as well as time-consuming planning and family obligations are the most frequently cited reasons against a stay abroad. Conclusion: The survey shows a very high level of interest among dental students in university-supported stays abroad. This includes both shorter periods of time, such as clinical traineeships, as well as longer stays, e.g. as part of Erasmus collaboration programmes. Based on the results, university-supported stays abroad should be made possible.Einleitung: Auslandsaufenthalte in Form von z.B. Studienaufenthalten und Famulaturen, sind im Studiengang Zahnmedizin in Deutschland bisher selten. Die neue ZApprO (Ausfertigungsdatum: 08.07.2019) bietet u.a. durch Einführung von Modulen, ECTS-Punkten und Famulaturen die Möglichkeit Auslandsaufenthalte in das Studium zu integrieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, zwecks einer gezielten Vorbereitung die studentische Sichtweise dazu exemplarisch zu erheben.
Methodik: Im Sommersemester 2021 wurde eine freiwillige und anonyme online Umfrage unter den Studierenden der Zahnmedizin am Studienstandort Münster durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen umfasste neben demographischen Daten auch inhaltliche Schwerpunktfragen. Ergebnisse: Entsprechend einer Rücklaufquote von 55%, haben insgesamt 371 Studierende an der Umfrage teilgenommen. Dabei gaben 96% der Studienteilnehmer*innen an, im Rahmen ihres Studiums Auslandserfahrung sammeln zu wollen, knapp die Hälfte davon sogar im Fall ausbleibender oder lediglich partieller Anerkennung von Studienleistungen. In Frage kommen Famulatur (30%) - und semesterumfassende Aufenthalte (32%) zu nahezu gleichen Teilen, weitere 28% würden beide Optionen in Betracht ziehen. Der Zeitverlust im Studienfortschritt, die Finanzierung sowie aufwendige Planung und familiäre Verpflichtungen sind die am häufigsten genannten Gründe gegen einen Auslandsaufenthalt.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Umfrage belegt ein sehr hohes Interesse von Studierenden der Zahnmedizin an universitär geförderten Auslandsaufenthalten. Dabei kommen sowohl kürzere Zeitfenster, wie etwa für Famulaturen infrage, aber auch längere Aufenthalte wie z.B. im Rahmen von Erasmus-Kooperationen. Auf Basis der Ergebnisse sollte die Etablierung von universitär geförderten Auslandsaufenthalten ermöglicht werden
Klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse nach totalem Femurersatz in der Revisionsendoprothetik
No full textMehrfache Revisionseingriffe von totalen Knie- und Hüftprothesen führen häufig zu erheblichem Knochenverlust. Dies kann zu ausgeprägten Defekten von relevanten Bereichen des Prothesenlagers führen und die Möglichkeit einer angemessenen Schaftverankerung einschränken. In dieser Situation kann ein totaler Femurersatz (TFR) eine Therapievariante zur Rekonstruktion bieten. Diese Studie befasste sich mit der Untersuchung der klinischen Ergebnisse sowie der Identifizierung möglicher Risikofaktoren nach Implantation des TFR im Revisionsfall. Für diese Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 58 Patienten, die ein TFR im Zeitraum von 2006 – 2019 erhielten retrospektiv analysiert. Alle Patientenfälle wiesen einen Nachbeobachtungszeitraum von mindestens 24 Monaten auf. Patienten mit einer primären Implantation oder vorliegenden malignen Grunderkrankung wurden nicht eingeschlossen. Insgesamt erlitten 45 Patienten (78%) eine revisionspflichtige Komplikation. Infektionen zeigten eine hohe Komplikationsrate. Vor einer Versorgung mittels TFR sollten Patienten umfassend über das erhöhte Risiko für Komplikationen aufgeklärt werden