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Towards a model theory of Frobenius lifts:valued difference fields and definable henselian valuations
No full textWir befassen uns mit zwei verschiedenen Fragen in der Modelltheorie bewerteter Körper.
Chapter 3: In Kollaboration mit Margarete Ketelsen und Piotr Szewczyk untersuchen wir die Frage der Lring-Definierbarkeit von nicht-trivialen henselschen Bewertungsringen. Aufbauend auf Ergebnissen von Jahnke und Koenigsmann liefern wir eine Charakterisierung von henselschen Körpern, die eine nicht-triviale definierbare henselsche Bewertung besitzen. Insbesondere behandeln wir Fälle, in denen die kanonische henselsche Bewertung positive Restklassencharakteristik besitzt. Wir verwenden dazu Techniken aus Modelltheorie und Algebra von zahmen Körper.
Chapter 4: Wir beweisen relative Quantorenelimination für bewertete Körper der Restklassencharakteristik null, die mit einem nicht-surjektiven Endomorphismus ausgestattet sind, und bauen dabei auf der jüngsten Arbeit von Dor und Halevi auf. Insbesondere folgern wir daraus relative Quantorenelimination für den Ultralimes der Frobenius-Wirkung auf separabel abgeschlossenen bewerteten Körpern positiver Charakteristik
How Large is the Potential of Brain Dead Donors and what Prevents Utilization? A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis at Seven University Hospitals in North Rhine-Westphalia
No full textOrgan donation after brain death is constantly lower in Germany compared to other countries. Instead, representative surveys show a positive attitude towards donation. Why this does not translate into more donations remains questionable. We retrospectively analyzed all potential brain dead donors treated in the university hospitals of Aachen, Bielefeld, Bonn, Essen, Düsseldorf, Cologne and Münster between June 2020 and July 2021. 300 potential brain dead donors were identified. Donation was utilized in 69 cases (23%). Refused consent (n = 190), and failed utilization despite consent (n = 41) were reasons for a donation not realized. Consent was significantly higher in potential donors with a known attitude towards donation (n = 94) compared to a decision by family members (n = 195) (49% vs. 33%, p = 0.012). The potential donor´s age, status of interviewer, and the timing of the interview with decision-makers had no influence on consent rates, and it was comparable between hospitals. Refused consent was the predominant reason for a donation not utilized. Consent rate was lower than in surveys, only a known attitude towards donation had a significant positive influence. This indicates that survey results do not translate well into everyday clinical practice and promoting a previously documented decision on organ donation is important
A model of porcine polymicrobial septic shock
No full textBackground: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality of patients with sepsis is high and largely unchanged throughout the past decades. Animal models have been widely used for the study of sepsis and septic shock, but translation into effective treatment regimes in the clinic have mostly failed. Pigs are considered as suitable research models for human diseases due to their high comparability and similarity to human anatomy, genetics, and the immune system. We here evaluated the previously reported models of septic shock in pigs and established a novel model of polymicrobial sepsis that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock in pigs.
Materials and methods: The literature search was performed using the keywords “pig”, “sepsis” and “septic shock”. For the establishment of septic shock in n = 10 German landrace pigs, mechanical ventilation was initiated, central venous and arterial lines and invasive hemodynamic monitoring via pulse contour cardiac output measurement (PiCCO) established. Peritoneal polymicrobial faecal sepsis was induced by application of 3 g/kg body weight faeces into the abdominal cavity. Septic shock was defined according to the third international consensus definitions (Sepsis-3). Upon shock, pigs underwent the 1-h bundle for the treatment of human sepsis. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA.
Results: Published porcine sepsis models exhibited high methodological variability and did not meet the clinical criteria of septic shock. In our model, septic shock developed after an average of 4.8 ± 0.29 h and was associated with a reproducible drop in blood pressure (mean arterial pressure 54 ± 1 mmHg) and significant hyperlactatemia (3.76 ± 0.65 mmol/L). Septic shock was associated with elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and initial cardiac depression followed by a hyperdynamic phase with significant loss of systemic vascular resistance index after initial resuscitation. In addition, organ dysfunction (acute kidney injury) occurred. Conclusions: We here established a model of septic shock in pigs that meets the clinical criteria of septic shock utilized in human patients. Our model may thus serve as a reference for clinically relevant sepsis research in pigs
Developments in Severance Payments for Executive Board Members from 2010 to 2019
No full textDieser Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der Akzeptanz der Empfehlung G.13 Satz 1 des Deutschen Corporate Governance Kodex (in der Fassung vom 16. Dezember 2019, vormals 4.2.3 Abs. 4 Satz 1), die für vorzeitige Vertragsbeendigungen von Vorstandsmitgliedern Abfindungsobergrenzen vorsieht. Die Abfindungshöhen der vorzeitig ausscheidenden Vorstandsmitglieder von DAX-Unternehmen im Verhältnis zu Jahresvergütung und Restvertragslaufzeit sind im Zeitraum 2015 bis 2019 signifikant niedriger als zwischen 2010 und 2014. Ein signifikanter Rückgang der Abfindungsfälle kann hingegen nicht nachgewiesen werden. In den Erklärungen nach § 161 AktG der DAX-Unternehmen ist die Abweichungsquote bezüglich der untersuchten Empfehlung rückläufig, jedoch wird eine Überschreitung der empfohlenen Obergrenze in keinem der Fälle in der folgenden Erklärung erwähnt. Schließlich gibt es zunehmend andere Formen großzügiger Zahlungen an ausscheidende Vorstandsmitglieder neben den nicht mehr so üppigen Abfindungen.This study investigates the development of the acceptance of Recommendation G.13 sentence 1 of the German Corporate Governance Code (dated December 16, 2019, formerly 4.2.3 paragraph 4 sentence 1), which provides ceilings for early termination of contracts of members of the executive board. The severance payment amounts of early retiring members of the executive board of DAX companies in relation to annual compensation and remaining contract term are significantly lower in the period 2015 to 2019 than between 2010 and 2014. However, there is no evidence of a significant decrease in severance cases. In the DAX companies’ declarations of conformity pursuant to § 161 AktG, the rate of deviation with respect to the recommendation under consideration is decreasing, but an exceeding of the recommended upper limit is not mentioned in any of the following declarations of conformity. Finally, there are increasingly other forms of generous payments to departing board members in addition to the less generous severance payments
Vom Signalisieren zur Unterstützung:Die Aufwertung junger digitaler Unternehmen
No full textDespite extensive research on the liability of newness of young firms and what they can do to reduce information asymmetries, relatively little is known about how young digital ventures’ growth and scaling is affected by different forms of endorsement. With a focus on third-party endorsements from industry analysts, I approach this question using a two-stage research design. First, I empirically examine the connection between awards given by industry analysts and the funding of digital ventures. I use the example of the Cool Vendor award given by the analyst firm Gartner and focus on the fintech domain. Using semi-structured interviews, I then identify and explain different forms of endorsement from a digital venture perspective, thereby differentiating between pure market signals and more sophisticated mechanisms. This differentiation is presented in a conceptual framework, which I propose as a supplement to the signalling literature. This paper promotes a better understanding of what helps fledgling digital firms to develop and prosper.Trotz umfangreicher Untersuchungen zur sogenannten Bürde der Neuheit junger Unternehmen und darüber, was sie tun können, um Informationsasymmetrien zu verringern, ist relativ wenig darüber bekannt, wie das Wachstum und die Skalierung junger digitaler Unternehmen durch verschiedene Formen der Unterstützung beeinflusst wird. Mit einem Fokus auf die Unterstützung durch Branchenanalysten gehe ich dieser Frage mit einem zweistufigen Forschungsdesign nach. Zunächst untersuche ich empirisch den Zusammenhang zwischen der Vergabe von Auszeichnungen durch Analysten und der Finanzierung junger digitaler Unternehmen. Ich benutze das Beispiel der Cool Vendor-Auszeichnung der Analystenfirma Gartner und konzentriere mich auf den Fintech-Bereich. Mit Hilfe halbstrukturierter Interviews identifiziere und erkläre ich zudem verschiedene Formen der Unterstützung aus Perspektive junger digitaler Unternehmen und unterscheide dabei zwischen reinen Marktsignalen und komplexeren Mechanismen. Diese Unterscheidung wird in einem konzeptionellen Framework dargestellt, welches ich als Ergänzung zur Signalling-Literatur vorschlage. Dieser Beitrag fördert ein besseres Verständnis davon, was junge digitale Unternehmen in ihrer Entwicklung unterstützt
Frugal Innovation in Oncology: Tracing the Arc of Microchip Technology in Early Cancer Detection and Treatment
No full textHarmonic morphisms, eigenfamilies, and symmetry
No full textDiese Dissertation behandelt harmonische Morphismen, Eigenfamilien und Minimalflächen.
Wir entwickeln neue Reduktionstheoreme für harmonische Morphismen und zeigen, dass
sie genau die horizontal konformen Abbildungen sind, die bestimmte minimale
Untermannigfaltigkeiten zurückziehen. Außerdem analysieren wir globale und infinitesimale
Bedingungen für weitere Kodimensionen. Es folgt eine Strukturtheorie für Eigenfamilien auf
kompakten Riemannschen Mannigfaltigkeiten. Weiter untersuchen wir polynomielle
harmonische Morphismen zwischen euklidischen Räumen. Neue Beispiele und
Klassifikationen in niedrigen Dimensionen werden präsentiert. Abschließend wenden wir
unsere Theoreme an, um neue minimale Kegel zu erzeugen
In the Enchanted Forest of Play:Flow Consciousness and the Present Moment in Musical Improvisation with Children
No full textDie Dissertation „Im Zauberwald des Spiels: Flowbewusstsein und Gegenwartsmoment in der musikalischen Improvisation mit Kindern“ untersucht die Rolle der Musiktherapie für die seelische Entwicklung von Kindern im schulischen Kontext. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet, wie musikalisches Spiel eine seelische Verwandlung ermöglicht. Der theoretische Rahmen basiert auf der morphologischen Annahme von Rosemarie Tüpker, dass musikalische Prozesse seelische Prozesse abbilden. Die vier Behandlungsschritte Leiden-Können, Methodisch-Werden, Anders-Werden und Bewerkstelligen beschreiben diese Transformation. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Spielprozessen (Winnicott), Flow (Csikszentmihalyi), Gegenwartsmoment (Stern), Assimilation und Akkommodation (Piaget) und dem seelischen Wandel zu erörtern. In sechs Fallbeispielen wird gezeigt, wie Musiktherapie in der Schule als Raum für Selbstbildung und seelische Transformation therapeutisch genutzt werden kann.The dissertation “Im Zauberwald des Spiels: Flowbewusstsein und Gegenwartsmoment in der musikalischen Improvisation mit Kindern” examines the role of music therapy for the emotional development of children in a school context. The central research question is how musical play enables psychological transformation. The theoretical framework is based on Rosemarie Tüpker's morphological assumption that musical processes map mental processes. The four treatment steps of being able to suffer, becoming methodical, becoming different and accomplishing describe this transformation. The aim of the work is to discuss the connection between play processes (Winnicott), flow (Csikszentmihalyi), present moment (Stern), assimilation and accommodation (Piaget) and mental transformation. Six case studies show how music therapy can be used therapeutically in schools as a space for self-education and mental transformation
Integrating I(I)/I(III) catalysis in reaction cascade design enables the synthesis of gem-difluorinated tetralins from cyclobutanols
No full textPartially saturated, fluorine-containing rings are ubiquitous across the drug discovery spectrum. This capitalises upon the biological significance of the native structure and the physicochemical advantages conferred by fluorination. Motivated by the significance of aryl tetralins in bioactive small molecules, a reaction cascade has been validated to generate novel gem-difluorinated isosteres from 1,3-diaryl cyclobutanols in a single operation. Under the Brønsted acidity of the catalysis conditions, an acid-catalysed unmasking/fluorination sequence generates a homoallylic fluoride in situ. This species serves as the substrate for an I(I)/I(III) cycle and is processed, via a phenonium ion rearrangement, to an (isolable) 1,3,3-trifluoride. A final C(sp3)-F bond activation event, enabled by HFIP, forges the difluorinated tetralin scaffold. The cascade is highly modular, enabling the intermediates to be intercepted: this provides an expansive platform for the generation of structural diversity
Interference screws manufactured from magnesium display similar primary stability for soft tissue anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation compared to a biocomposite material – a biomechanical study
No full textPurpose: Biodegradable interference screws (IFS) can be manufactured from different biomaterials. Magnesium was previously shown to possess osteoinductive properties, making it a promising material to promote graft-bone healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The purpose of this study was to compare IFS made from magnesium to a contemporary biocomposite IFS. Methods: In a porcine model of ACL reconstruction, deep porcine flexor tendons were trimmed to a diameter of 8 mm, sutured in Krackow technique, and fixed with either 8 × 30 mm biocomposite IFS (Bc-IFS) or 8 × 30 mm magnesium IFS (Mg-IFS) in an 8 mm diameter bone tunnel in porcine tibiae. Cyclic loading for 1000 cycles from 0 to 250 N was applied, followed by load to failure testing. Elongation, load to failure and stiffness of the tested constructs was determined. Results: After 1000 cycles at 250 N, elongation was 4.8 mm ± 1.5 in the Bc-IFS group, and 4.9 mm ± 1.5 in the Mg-IFS group. Load to failure was 649.5 N ± 174.3 in the Bc-IFS group, and 683.8 N ± 116.5 in the Mg-IFS group. Stiffness was 125.3 N/mm ± 21.9 in the Bc-IFS group, and 122.5 N/mm ± 20.3 in the Mg-IFS group. No significant differences regarding elongation, load to failure and stiffness between Bc-IFS and Mg-IFS were observed. Conclusion: Magnesium IFS show comparable biomechanical primary stability in comparison to biocomposite IFS and may therefore be an alternative to contemporary biodegradable IFS