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»Liftboy« and Professor:Peter Demetz' Mode of Transatlantic Relationship Building
No full textDieser Artikel porträtiert den Germanisten und Schriftsteller Peter Demetz (1922–2024) als transatlantische Schlüsselfigur auf Grundlage seiner Korrespondenzen mit dem Merkur Herausgeber Hans Paeschke. Durch Skizzieren der vielfältigen Bestrebungen von Demetz wird klar, dass es seine professionelle und persönliche Flexibilität und Offenheit waren, die ihm die erfolgreiche transatlantische Transition von Europa in die USA ermöglicht haben. Inmitten der aktuellen geopolitischen Spannungen kann Demetz's kreative und konstruktive Herangehensweise an das akademische und das literarische Arbeiten heute ein Modell sein, transatlantischen Austausch zu gestalten.Based on his correspondence with Merkur editor Hans Paeschke, this article portrays Germanist and writer Peter Demetz (1922-2024) as a key transatlantic mediator. Demetz's manifold pursuits show his professional and personal broad-mindedness which has allowed him to successfully master the transatlantic transition from Europe to the US. Sketching Demetz's manifold pursuits, I argue that his professional flexibility and openness allowed him to successfully master the transatlantic transition from Europe to the US. Given rising geopolitical tensions, Demetz's creative and constructive approach to academic and literary work beyond rigid institutional conventions may inspire transatlantic careers and communication today
Drawing Lots Instead of Losing Votes Below Electoral Thresholds and With Fractions of Seats
No full textProzent-Hürden sollen eine Zersplitterung in Parlamenten verhindern und Parteien nur in Fraktionsstärke hineinlassen. Dazu werden bislang die Stimmen für Parteien unterhalb der Hürde gar nicht berücksichtigt. Diese Ungleichheit der Wahl und Benachteiligung von kleinen Parteien ließe sich dadurch vermeiden, dass von den kleineren Parteien unterhalb der Hürde eine ausgelost wird, die die Mandate für die Stimmen all dieser kleinen Parteien erhält. Alternativ könnte jede kleinere Partei mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeit, die zu ihrem Stimmanteil proportional ist, in Fraktionsstärke einziehen oder eine freiwillige Bildung von Losgemeinschaften erlaubt werden. Schließlich kann das Losen auch als Alternative zu den gängigen Wahlverfahren verwendet werden, um Bruchteile an Mandaten zuzuteilen oder um Stichwahlen um eine Position zu ersetzen.Percentage hurdles are intended to prevent fragmentation in parliaments and only allow parties of the minimum size of parliamentary groups into parliament. So far, the votes for parties below the hurdle are not taken into account. This inequality of votes and discrimination against small parties could be avoided by drawing lots from the smaller parties below the threshold such that one receives the mandates for the votes of all these small parties. Alternatively, each smaller party could move into parliament with the minimum size of a parliamentary group with a probability that is proportional to its share of the vote, or the voluntary formation of lottery groups could be allowed. Finally, drawing lots can also be used as an alternative to the current electoral procedures, in order to allocate fractions of mandates or to replace a runoff for a position
Master mitotic kinases regulate viral genome delivery during papillomavirus cell entry
No full textMitosis induces cellular rearrangements like spindle formation, Golgi fragmentation, and nuclear envelope breakdown. Similar to certain retroviruses, nuclear delivery during entry of human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes is facilitated by mitosis, during which minor capsid protein L2 tethers viral DNA to mitotic chromosomes. However, the mechanism of viral genome delivery and tethering to condensed chromosomes is barely understood. It is unclear, which cellular proteins facilitate this process or how this process is regulated. This work identifies crucial phosphorylations on HPV minor capsid protein L2 occurring at mitosis onset. L2’s chromosome binding region (CBR) is sequentially phosphorylated by the master mitotic kinases CDK1 and PLK1. L2 phosphorylation, thus, regulates timely delivery of HPV vDNA to mitotic chromatin during mitosis. In summary, our work demonstrates a crucial role of mitotic kinases for nuclear delivery of viral DNA and provides important insights into the molecular mechanism of pathogen import into the nucleus during mitosis
Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Feldspars From the Bühl Basalt (Northern Hesse, Germany) Formed Under Reducing Conditions as Terrestrial Analogue of Mercury for MERTIS
No full textThe MErcury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer instrument onboard the BepiColombo spacecraft is designed to investigate Mercury’s surface in the mid-infrared (mid-IR). Based on MESSENGER data and modeling, Mercury is thought to be evolved under highly reducing conditions (e.g., McCubbin et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JE005367; Namur & Charlier, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2860). The modeling also indicates that Mercury's surface is rich in feldspar. However, it is unknown if reducing conditions during the emplacement of volcanic melts have an influence on the IR properties of feldspars. Therefore, we investigated basaltic samples from the Bühl quarry in northern Hesse, Germany, that evolved under reducing conditions in the mid-IR and compared the spectra with samples that experienced more oxidizing conditions during their formation. The Bühl samples are feldspar-rich and contain metallic iron in some areas. Our investigations show that there are no differences between feldspars that formed under different oxidizing conditions. All spectral properties could be explained by well-known factors that affect mid-IR spectra of silicates
Molecular identification of polymorphic transposable elements in populations of the invasive ant Cardiocondyla obscurior
No full textTransposable elements (TEs) are found in virtually every eukaryotic genome and are important for generating de novo genetic variation. However, outside of costly and time-consuming whole-genome sequencing approaches, the set of available methods to study TE polymorphisms in non-model species is very limited. The Transposon Display (TD) is a simple yet effective technique to characterize polymorphisms across samples by identifying amplified fragment length polymorphisms using primers targeting specific TE families. So far, this technique has almost exclusively been used in plants. Here, we present an optimized TD protocol for insect species with small genomes such as ants (ca. 200–600 Mb). We characterized TE polymorphisms between two distinct genetic lineages of the invasive ant 'Cardiocondyla obscurior', as well as between neighboring populations of the New World lineage. We found active LTR/Ty3 retrotransposons, that contributed to the genetic diversification of populations in this species
Philo of Alexandria and Philosophical Discourse
No full textGreek authors likened "philosophical discourse" in the Hellenistic and Roman eras to an orchard. Logic, physics, and ethics served as the orchard walls, the trees, and the fruit of this enterprise. In a similar manner, this collection of essays, written by an international group of scholars and devoted to Philo of Alexandria's fashioning of a new Jewish philosophical discourse, harvests the fruits of many disciplines – including the study of Ancient Judaism and History of Religions, Ancient Philosophy, and the Classics – and brings them to bear on one of the Roman period's most prolific and creative Jewish thinkers and public figures. Essays treat Philo’s relationship to the varied schools of philosophy: Socratic thought, Pyrrhonism, Epicureanism, Pythagoreism, Stoicism, and Middle Platonism all played a role in the seedbed of Philo’s orchard. The volume also includes a new catalogue of Philo’s library and a study of Philo’s reception in Christian philosophical discourse.Griechische Autoren verglichen den "philosophischen Diskurs" in der hellenistischen und römischen Epoche mit einem Obstgarten. Logik, Physik und Ethik waren die Gartenmauern, Bäume und Früchte dieses Vorhabens. In dieser Aufsatzsammlung, die von einer internationalen Gruppe von Wissenschaftler*innen verfasst wurde und sich mit Philo von Alexandria und seiner Entwicklung eines neuen jüdischen philosophischen Diskurses befasst, werden die Früchte zahlreicher Disziplinen geerntet – darunter antike Judaistik, Religionsgeschichte, Philosophie der Antike und klassische Philologie – und auf einen der produktivsten und kreativsten jüdischen Denker und Persönlichkeiten des öffentlichen Lebens der römischen Epoche übertragen. Die Aufsätze behandeln Philos Beziehung zu den verschiedenen philosophischen Schulen: Sokratisches Denken, Pyrrhonismus, Epikureismus, Pythagoreismus, Stoizismus und Mittelplatonismus spielten alle eine Rolle bei der Anlage von Philos Obstgarten. Der Band enthält auch einen neuen Katalog der Bibliothek Philos und eine Studie über seine Rezeption im christlichen philosophischen Diskurs
Preserflo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy: Efficacy and Surgical Success within a Heterogenous Patient Cohort
No full textTo compare success rates of trabeculectomy (TE) and Preserflo MicroShunt (PMS) in heterogenous glaucoma cohorts with regards to different pre- and postoperative therapeutic regimens. Data of 187 glaucoma patients who either received TE (73 eyes) or PMS implantation (114 eyes) between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. Surgical success and failure rates were analyzed within six months of follow-up. Intraocular pressure (IOP) development over the course of follow-up was compared between both groups. Tertiary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), number and type of medications, frequency of postoperative complications and revision surgeries. Outcome measures underwent additional assessment based on subgroup categorizations, and failure time hazard ratios were computed. The success rates were comparable between both procedures (TE: 54.1%, PMS: 60.0%; p = 0.17). Both procedures showed significant IOP reduction (p < 0.01); however, overall IOP reduction was greater in the TE group than in the PMS group (TE: Reduction by 12 mmHg (188.9%), PMS: Reduction by 7 mmHg (51.3%); p = 0.01). The number of topical medications decreased significantly in both groups over the course of follow-up (TE: 4 to 0, PMS: 3 to 0; p < 0.01). While the number of complications and revision surgeries were similar in both groups, the time interval until the first revision surgery within the TE group was significantly shorter (TE: 13.5 d, PMS: 163 d; p = 0.01) than within the PMS group. No difference could be detected between TE and PMS with regard to the follow-up regimen. In particular, there was no significant difference in the need for 5-floururacil injections postoperatively (p = 0.29). Less invasive glaucoma surgery with the PMS appeared comparable to the TE within a heterogenous glaucoma cohort with regards to IOP development and freedom from medication
Software im Zollrecht der Europäischen Union:Die zollwertrechtliche Behandlung von Software in der Europäischen Union unter Einbezug des Wirtschaftszollgedankens sowie des Welthandelsrechts
No full textVor dem Hintergrund international arbeitsteiliger Produktion und globaler Handelsbeziehungen finden die wenigsten Produktionsprozesse nur an einem Ort statt. Während Hardware meist in Niedriglohnländern gefertigt wird, erfolgt die Softwareentwicklung regelmäßig in Ländern mit hohem Lohnniveau. Dies wirft zentrale zollrechtliche Fragen auf, insbesondere zur Bestimmung des Zollwertes digitalisierter Waren, die nach ihrer Fertigung grenzüberschreitend verbracht werden. Ein wesentliches Problem ist, ob und inwieweit der Wert der installierten oder implementierten Software den Zollwert der Hardware beeinflusst.
Da das geltende Zollrecht weitgehend vor der Digitalisierung entwickelt wurde, ist es auf entsprechende Fragestellungen nicht ausgerichtet. Diese Dissertation analysiert die zollwertrechtliche Behandlung von Software in der Europäischen Union unter Berücksichtigung wirtschaftszollrechtlicher und welthandelsrechtlicher Aspekte
The Replication Database: Documenting the Replicability of Psychological Science
No full textIn psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sample achieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scarcity, compounded by the difficulty in accessing replication data, jeopardizes the efficient allocation of research resources and impedes scientific advancement. Addressing this crucial gap, we present the 'Replication Database' (https://forrt-replications.shinyapps.io/fred_explorer), a novel platform hosting 1,239 original findings paired with replication findings. The infrastructure of this database allows researchers to submit, access, and engage with replication findings. The database makes replications visible, easily findable via a graphical user interface, and tracks replication rates across various factors, such as publication year or journal. This will facilitate future efforts to evaluate the robustness of psychological research
Untersuchung der intramolekularen Interaktionen in nicht-ribosomalen Peptidsynthetasen durch terminale Kommunikationsdomänen
No full textIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Funktion der COM-Domäne in der Tyrocidin Synthetase untersucht. Dazu wurden drei Module (TycA, TycB1 und TycB3), die ein natürliches (TycA/TycB1) und ein orthogonales (TycB3/TycB1) COM-Paar bilden, genutzt.
Auf Grundlage der ersten Kristallstruktur eines vollständigen in cis COM‑Domänenpaars aus der Bacitracin C Synthetase (Konstrukt: E-COMD-COMA-C) und eines Sequenzvergleichs wurde versucht, einen Spezifitätscode innerhalb der COM‑Interaktion zu identifizieren.
Des Weiteren wurden in dieser Arbeit Austauschversuche mit den COM-Domänen der einzelnen Module durchgeführt. Hierzu wurden Teile der COM-Domänen ausgetauscht und die Produktbildung dieser Hybridmodule wurde untersucht.
Zuletzt wurde die COM-Domäne hinsichtlich ihrer strukturgebenden Eigenschaft untersucht. Hierzu wurde die COM-Domäne des TycA-Moduls durch Deletions- und Insertionsmutationen strukturell verändert. Durch Produktbildung und Crosslink‑Studien mit einem TycB1(S5BzF)-Modul konnte die strukturgebende Eigenschaft der COM-Domäne eindeutig identifiziert werden