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Teresa von Ávila und Edith Stein.:Zum Ziel durch Ausklammerungen in Mystik und Philosophie
No full textDer Text untersucht die Beziehung zwischen Teresa von Ávila und Edith Stein, insbesondere wie Edith Stein durch die Lektüre von Teresas Schriften zum Katholizismus konvertierte und philosophische Parallelen zwischen Teresas mystischer Praxis und der Philosophie von Descartes und Husserl zog. Stein vergleicht den mystischen Weg Teresas mit der phänomenologischen Methode Husserls, wobei beide Ansätze durch Ausklammerung und Konzentration auf das Wesentliche zur Erkenntnis führen. Edith Stein sieht in der mystischen Vereinigung nicht nur ein religiöses Ereignis, sondern auch einen philosophischen Zugang zur Wirklichkeit, ähnlich dem cartesianischen Zweifel
The association of executive functions and physical fitness with cognitive-motor multitasking in a street crossing scenario
No full textAge-related decline in cognitive-motor multitasking performance has been attributed to declines in executive functions and physical fitness (motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness). It has been suggested that those cognitive and physical resources strongly depend on lifestyle factors such as long-term regular physical activity and cognitive engagement. Although research suggests that there is covariation between components of executive functions and physical fitness, the interdependence between these components for cognitive-motor multitasking performance is not yet clear. The aim of the study was to examine the contribution and interrelationship between executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness on street crossing while multitasking. We used the more ecologically valid scenario to obtain results that might be directly transferable to daily life situation. Data from 50 healthy older adults (65–75 years, 17 females, recruited in two different cities in Germany) were analyzed. Participants’ executive functions (composite score including six tests), motor coordinative fitness (composite score including five tests), and cardiovascular fitness (spiroergometry), as well as their street crossing performance while multitasking were assessed. Street crossing was tested under single-task (crossing a two-line road), and multitask conditions (crossing a two-line road while typing numbers on a keypad as simulation of mobile phone use). Street crossing performance was assessed by use of cognitive outcomes (typing, crossing failures) and motor outcomes (stay time, crossing speed). Linear mixed-effects models showed beneficial main effects of executive functions for typing (p = 0.004) and crossing failures (p = 0.023), and a beneficial main effect of motor coordinative fitness for stay time (p = 0.043). Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of variance commonly explained by executive functions, motor coordinative fitness, and cardiovascular fitness was small for all street crossing outcomes. For typing and crossing failures (cognitive outcomes), the results further showed a higher relative contribution of executive functions compared to motor coordinative fitness and cardiovascular fitness. For stay time (motor outcome), the results correspondingly revealed a higher relative contribution of motor coordinative fitness compared to executive functions and cardiovascular fitness. The findings suggest that during cognitive-motor multitasking in everyday life, task performance is determined by the components of executive functions and physical fitness related to the specific task demands. Since multitasking in everyday life includes cognitive and motor tasks, it seems to be important to maintain both executive functions and physical fitness for independent living up to old age
The Effect of C-Arm Position on Femoral Tunnel Placement in Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
No full textBackground: Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a common treatment for patellar instability. Yet nearly 40% of revisions result from femoral tunnel misplacement. One reason may be the positioning of the C-arm relative to the knee. Purpose: To assess how the C-arm’s position affects femoral MPFL placement when the image receptor is positioned either contralateral or ipsilateral to the operated knee. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten human cadaveric knee specimens were dissected, and the femoral MPFL insertion site was identified and marked using a 10-mm eyelet. According to the possible clinical scenarios, true lateral radiographs in 2 different C-arm positions were taken. In the first scenario, the image receptor was on the ipsilateral side, being 5 cm away from the knee with the x-ray beam directed from medial to lateral (ML5). In the second scenario, the image receptor was on the contralateral side, being 25 cm away from the knee with the x-ray beam directed from lateral to medial (LM25). In each radiograph, the eyelet position was recorded and the distance (proximal-distal and anterior-posterior) from the optimal radiographic insertion point according to the literature was determined. Differences between the groups were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and a P value of <.05 was considered significant. Results: The anatomic femoral MPFL insertion in the ML5-position was located a mean of 2.7 ± 2.4 mm proximal and 4.5 ± 5.5 mm anterior to the Schöttle point. This resulted in an absolute distance of 7.2 ± 3.0 mm. In the LM25-position, it was located a mean of –0.7 ± 1.8 mm distal and 3.0 ± 5.3 mm anterior, which resulted in an absolute distance of 5.4 ± 3.2 mm. The ML5 was located more anterior (1.5 ± 2.1 mm) and proximal (3.4 ± 2.4 mm) compared with the LM25 position. Measurements following methods described in the literature significantly differed in both axes in the LM25 view when compared with the ML5 view measurements (P = .005). Conclusion: Compared with the ipsilateral C-arm position (ML5), the contralateral C-arm position (LM25) showed a smaller range with a lower standard deviation in identifying the femoral MPFL approach across all measurement methods. Clinical Relevance: When applying the method according to Schöttle et al to locate the femoral MPFL insertion point, it should be noted that in the proximal-distal orientation, the femoral MPFL insertion point is situated proximal to the Blumensaat line in the contralateral view (LM25). In contrast, when using the ipsilateral view (ML5), the femoral MPFL footprint is positioned just distal to the proximal edge of the medial condyle
The influence of signal strength on conscious and nonconscious neural processing of emotional faces
No full textConsciously perceived emotional relative to neutral facial expressions evoke stronger early and late event-related potential (ERP) components. However, the extent of nonconscious neural processing of emotional information in faces is still a matter of debate. One possible reason for conflicting findings might relate to threshold effects depending on the sensory strength of stimuli. In the current
study, we investigated this issue by manipulating the contrast of fearful and neutral faces presented with or without continuous flash suppression (CFS). Low, medium, and high contrasts were calibrated individually so that faces were consciously perceived at all contrast levels if presented without CFS. With CFS, however, low- and medium-contrast faces remained nonconscious, while high-contrast
faces broke the suppression. Without CFS, ERPs showed an increased early negativity and late positivity in response to fearful vs. neutral faces regardless of contrast. Under CFS, we observed differential early negativities for suppression-breaking high-contrast fearful vs. neutral faces. For nonconscious faces, however, the contrast level modulated the difference between fearful and neutral faces, showing enhanced early negativities only at medium contrast and an inverted effect at low contrast. Additional analysis of late positivities provided evidence for the absence of an effect at low and medium contrast, while at high-contrast, fearful faces elicited a larger positivity
than neutral ones. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the significance of stimulus strength for nonconscious emotion processing under CFS, implying that early negative ERP differences between neutral and fearful faces depend on stimulus contrast near the detection threshold
Wissen, das ankommt: Forschung für die (polizierende) Praxis
No full textDer Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse aus dem Forschungsprojekt "Pluralisierung lokaler urbaner Sicherheitsproduktion (PluS-i)" zielgruppengerecht und praxisnah vermittelt werden können. Im Zentrum steht die Entwicklung eines Wissenstransferkonzepts, das über klassische wissenschaftliche Publikationsformen hinausgeht und den Zugang zu Forschungsergebnissen für Praktiker:innen erleichtern soll. Basierend auf Literaturanalysen, leitfadengestützten Interviews mit polizierenden Akteuren sowie Praxisworkshops wurden Bedarfe und geeignete Formate zur Wissensvermittlung identifiziert. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Faktoren einen erfolgreichen Transfer ausmachen und wie wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse nutzbar aufbereitet werden können
Autumn migration tracks of Helopsaltes grasshopper-warblers from Northeast Asia support recent taxonomic assignments
No full textMigration strategies are genetically inherited in most songbirds, and closely related species can exhibit markedly contrasting migration programs. Here, we investigate the autumn migration of one 'Helopsaltes' grasshopper-warbler from a population near Magadan, North East Russia, based on light-level geolocation. Although often considered to belong to Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler 'H. ochotensis', recent genetic studies suggest that birds from this population are more closely related to Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler H. certhiola. We compare the migratory behavior of the Magadan bird with two Pallas's Grasshopper-warblers tracked from populations in the Kolyma River valley and the Amur region, Russia. We found similar migration patterns in all three tracked individuals, with stopover sites in eastern China and wintering sites in mainland Southeast Asia, within the known range for Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler. Furthermore, based on morphological data compiled during bird ringing, we were able to confirm the presence of potential "Magadan grasshopper-warblers" during spring and autumn migration in Thailand. Our scant data provide further evidence that Magadan 'Helopsaltes', notwithstanding their morphological resemblance to Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler, constitute a population of Pallas's Grasshopper-warbler
Boek der beschawynge to gode:In dussem bocke hefft men wo ein iowelik christen minsche schal betrachten
No full textDer Informationsbegriff in informatiknahen Wissenschaften und seine Relevanz für den Informatikunterricht allgemeinbildender Schulen
No full textDiese Arbeit hat zum Ziel, eine fundierte, umfangreiche Untersuchung und Darstellung der zentralen Sichtweisen auf den Informationsbegriff und sein Umfeld vorzulegen, einen klaren Bezug zur Fachwissenschaft Informatik und ihrer Didaktik sowie zu informatiknahen Wissenschaften herzustellen und seine Präsenz, Relevanz und mögliche Wirkung in der Fachwissenschaft wie im und auf das Umfeld Schule zu untersuchen. Daraus werden Vorschläge abgeleitet, wie mit dem Themenkomplex an Schulen sinnvoll umgegangen werden kann. Somit leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zum Begriffsverständnis – und damit zur Abkehr von einem allzu naiven (und beeinflussbaren) Gebrauch – eines der zentralen Begriffe des 21. Jahrhunderts und der Fachwissenschaft der Informatik selbst
Der Rationalismus und das Wunderbare des Wunders im Frankreich der Frühen Neuzeit
No full textDer Text "Der Rationalismus und das Wunderbare des Wunders im Frankreich der Frühen Neuzeit" untersucht die Debatte um die Bedeutung von Wundern im Kontext des Rationalismus. Es werden verschiedene Wunder-Typen definiert und Rationalisierungsansätze vorgestellt, die von der Lehre der doppelten Wahrheit bis hin zur Skepsis gegenüber Wundern reichen. Philosophen wie Descartes, Pascal und Spinoza werden diskutiert, die entweder Wundern eine besondere Bedeutung zuschreiben oder versuchen, sie rational zu erklären. Besonders Pascal betont die Wichtigkeit von Wundern als Bestätigung des Glaubens
Der Teufel und die beste aller möglichen Welten: Calderón und Goethe
No full textDas Dokument vergleicht die Darstellung des Teufels in den Werken von Calderón und Goethe, insbesondere in El mágico prodigioso und Faust I. Es wird untersucht, wie beide Autoren die Theodizee-Problematik – die Frage nach der Existenz des Bösen in einer von einem vollkommenen Gott geschaffenen Welt – behandeln. Calderóns Teufel ist ein Werkzeug Gottes, das letztlich der Bekehrung des Menschen dient, während Goethes Mephisto als verneinende Kraft dargestellt wird, die das Gute am Ende jedoch nicht überwinden kann. Beide Werke zeigen die Begrenztheit des Bösen und die Überlegenheit des Guten