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Inability to pursue nonrigid motion produces instability of spatial perception
No full textVision generates a stable representation of space by combining retinal input with internal predictions about the visual consequences of eye movements. We report a type of nonrigid motion that disrupts the connection between eye movements and perception, causing visual instability. This motion is accurately perceived during fixation, but it cannot be pursued. Catch-up saccades are accurately directed to the moving target but the motion stimulus appears to jump in space with each saccade. Our results reveal four major findings about perception and the visuomotor system: (i) Pursuit fails for certain types of motion; (ii) pursuit and catch-up saccades are independently controlled; (iii) prediction of saccade consequences is independent from saccade control; and (iv) the visual stability of moving objects relies on similar motion mechanisms as pursuit
Eleventh Annual Report of the Institute for Organisational Economics
No full textDas Institut für Organisationsökonomik (IO) an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster wurde am 1. Oktober 2010 gegründet. Dieser 11. Jahresbericht informiert über das elfte Jahr, d. h. über das Wintersemester 2020/21 und das Sommersemester 2021. Wie in den Vorjahren werden zuerst das Institut und seine Angehörigen vorgestellt, danach wird über die Forschung und Lehre berichtet.The Institute for Organisational Economics at the University of Münster was founded on October 1st, 2010. This eleventh annual report informs about the eleventh year, the winter semester 2020/21 and the summer semester 2021. As in the previous years, the institute and its members are presented, followed by reports on research and teaching
Konversation als Spiel: Charles Sorel vs. Grice und Gadamer
No full textDer Text vergleicht die Ansichten von Charles Sorel, Hans-Georg Gadamer und Grice zur Konversation. Sorel betrachtet Konversation als eine Art Spiel, bei dem Unterhaltung und Galanterie im Vordergrund stehen, während Gadamer den Schwerpunkt auf das Verstehen von Inhalten legt. Grice entwickelt normative Prinzipien der Gesprächsführung, die sich auf Klarheit und Wahrheit konzentrieren. Im Gegensatz dazu betont Sorel den Unterhaltungswert und die Originalität, wobei die Wahrheit zweitrangig ist. Gadamer kritisiert Formen der Konversation, die inhaltsleer sind, während Sorel sie als unterhaltsam und gesellschaftlich förderlich betrachtet
La pastorella al prato:Arie der Lena aus dem 2. Akt von "Il filosofo di campagna" (2025)
No full textAufgrund neuester Forschungen von Matthias Lassen (Edition Papier.Klänge, Heft 48) konnte die Identifizierung des in der Editionsvorlage nur mit seinem Nachnamen "Rezel" genannten Komponisten zweifelsfrei zu Christian Andreas Rezel (1713-1792) erfolgen. Die vorliegende Arie für Sopran und ein begleitendes Tasteninstrument ist eines von 14 Werken Rezels, die ausschließlich in einer in der Fürst zu Bentheimschen Musikaliensammlung Burgsteinfurt aufbewahrten Sammelhandschrift mit 26 Arien und Duetten aus dem Jahr 1771 enthalten sind. Diese wiederum stammt aus dem Besitz von Prinzessin Juliane Wilhelmine von Schleswig-Holstein-Glücksburg (1754-1823), die 1776 Graf Ludwig Wilhelm Geldricus Ernst zu Bentheim-Steinfurt (1756-1817) heiratete, und kann nach den Erkenntnissen Lassens als Autograph von Christian Andreas Rezel angesehen werden. Der Text für die vorliegende Arie "La pastorella al prato" entstammt dem Dramma giocoso "Il filosofo di campagna" von Carlo Goldoni (1707-1793), dessen Erstvertonung von Baldassare Galuppi (1706-1785) am 26. Oktober 1754 in Venedig uraufgeführt wurde
Nasolacrimal intubation in transcanalicular endoscopic dacryoplasty: a long-term follow-up study
No full textNowadays, transcanalicular endoscopic dacryoplasty represents the majority of lacrimal duct surgery procedures performed in adults in specialised centers. However, there are still hardly any data available regarding the intra- and postoperative care, particularly regarding the duration of silicone tube intubation (STI). Our aim was to evaluate the relation between tube duration and recurrence of symptoms in patients who underwent transcanalicular microdrill dacryoplasty (MDP) in a long-term setting. Medical records of 576 adult patients after MDP were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 256 eyes of 191 patients could be included. The median follow-up time was 7.83 [7.08; 9.25] years. In 57.0% of the cases there was still full resolution of symptoms at the time of the survey. The median duration of the STI was 6 [3.00; 6:00] months. When distinguishing between a tube duration < 3 months and ≥ 3 months there was a significant difference in the long-term success rate (< 3 months: 38%; ≥ 3 months: 61%; p = 0.011). In conclusion, an early removal of the STI (< 3 months) after transcanalicular MDP seems to be associated with a higher incidence of recurrence of symptoms. This should be considered in the intra- and postoperative care of patients following this minimally invasive first-step procedure
Kein Heimspielvorteil bei Geisterspielen
No full textBecause of the COVID-19-pandemic the men’s first German football league (Bundesliga) had to finish the season 2019/20 with ghost games as spectators were not allowed in the stadiums. Comparing these games with the regular ones between the same teams before, we find that the normal advantage for the home team disappears. One reason for this is the disappearances of the home bias of the referees whereas changes in the sportive performance of the teams seem to be irrelevant in this regard.Wegen der COVID-19-Pandemie musste die erste deutsche Bundesliga der Männer die Saison 2019/20 mit Geisterspielen beenden, da Zuschauer in den Stadien nicht zugelassen waren. Wenn wir diese Spiele mit den regulären Spielen zwischen denselben Teams vergleichen, stellen wir fest, dass der normale Vorteil für die Heimmannschaft verschwindet. Ein Grund dafür ist das Verschwinden des Bias der Schiedsrichter für die Heimmannschaft, während Änderungen in der sportlichen Leistung der Mannschaften in dieser Hinsicht irrelevant zu sein scheinen
Predicting object properties based on movement kinematics
No full textIn order to grasp and transport an object, grip and load forces must be scaled according to the object’s properties (such as weight). To select the appropriate grip and load forces, the object weight is estimated based on experience or, in the case of robots, usually by use of image recognition. We propose a new approach that makes a robot’s weight estimation less dependent on prior learning and, thereby, allows it to successfully grasp a wider variety of objects. This study evaluates whether it is feasible to predict an object’s weight class in a replacement task based on the time series of upper body angles of the active arm or on object velocity profiles. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate how prediction accuracy is affected by (i) the length of the time series and (ii) different cross-validation (CV) procedures. To this end, we recorded and analyzed the movement kinematics of 12 participants during a replacement task. The participants' kinematics were recorded by an optical motion tracking system while transporting an object, 80 times in total from varying starting positions to a predefined end position on a table. The object’s weight was modified (made lighter and heavier) without changing the object’s visual appearance. Throughout the experiment, the object’s weight (light/heavy) was randomly changed without the participant’s knowledge. To predict the object’s weight class, we used a discrete cosine transform to smooth and compress the time series and a support vector machine for supervised learning from the achieved discrete cosine transform parameters. Results showed good prediction accuracy (up to 95%, depending on the CV procedure and the length of the time series). Even at the beginning of a movement (after only 300 ms), we were able to predict the object weight reliably (within a classification rate of 88-94%)
Prevalence and quality of temporomandibular disorders, chronic pain and psychological distress in patients with classical and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: an exploratory study
No full textBackground: The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous hereditary diseases affecting the connective tissue. They are characterized by hypermobility of the joints, hyperextensible skin and friable tissue. According to current classification, 13 subtypes can be distinguished, of which the hypermobile and the classical subtype are the most prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate patients with classical (cEDS) and hypermobile (hEDS) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome regarding temporomandibular disorder (TMD), chronic pain, and psychological distress. Methods: Support groups from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland were contacted, and social media were used to recruit participants. Free text questions, the German version of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and the German version of the Graded Chronic Pain Status (GCPS) were used. Results:
259 participants were included (230 hEDS/29 cEDS). At least 49.2% of the participants had painful or restricted jaw movements, and at least 84.9% had pain in the masticatory muscles, with 46.3% already having a diagnosed TMD. Multivariate analysis showed a significant correlation between TMJ involvement and chronic pain with a 2.5-fold higher risk of chronic pain with a diagnosed TMD. 22.8% of participants had a critical score for depression, 53.3% had a critical score for anxiety, and 34.0% had a critical score for stress. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of TMD problems and chronic pain in patients with cEDS and hEDS. The lack of knowledge about these problems can create psychological distress. More research is needed to provide adequate treatment for patients with EDS
Ravulizumab and Efgartigimod in Myasthenia Gravis:A Real-World Study
No full textBackground and Objectives: Biologics that target pathogenic antibodies (Abs) and their effector functions such as the complement inhibitor ravulizumab and the neonatal Fc receptor agonist efgartigimod have recently been approved for the treatment of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-Ab–positive myasthenia gravis (MG), but comparative studies are lacking.
Methods: In a prospective, exploratory real-world study, we assessed clinical efficacy, safety, and biological effects of ravulizumab and efgartigimod treatment initiation. Myasthenia Gravis-Activities of Daily Living and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scores were used as clinical endpoints. Ab effector functions were determined by AChR-Ab–dependent complement activation and phagocytosis assays and systemic complement activation profiling.
Results: We observed similar moderate short-term efficacy of ravulizumab and efgartigimod in achieving clinical improvement. Ravulizumab reduced systemic terminal complement activation, but neither treatment showed significant effects on complement pathways proximal to C5 or functional capacities of AChR-Abs. Both treatment modalities were well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported.
Discussion: Clinical benefits obtained with ravulizumab and efgartigimod can be remarkably heterogeneous in daily clinical practice. Neither treatment relevantly changed effector functions of pathogenic AChR-Abs, supporting the concept that durable disease control in MG requires continuous administration of both fast-acting agents.
Classification of Evidence: This study provides Class III evidence that in AChR-Ab–positive patients with generalized MG, ravulizumab and efgartigimod provide comparable modest improvement in MG functional scales
Opinion on the Amendment to the Fuel Emissions Trading Act
No full textDas Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz soll die Treibhausgasemissionen bepreisen, die vom EU-Emissionszertifikatehandel bislang nicht erfasst sind, insbesondere in den Sektoren Verkehr und Wärme. Wichtigster Punkt der geplanten Gesetzesänderung ist die deutliche Erhöhung der Emissionspreise in der Einführungsphase von 2021 bis 2026. So kurz vor der Einführung reduziert das die Planungssicherheit und führt gleich zu Beginn zu Preisen auf dem Niveau der EU-Zertifikate, die danach voraussichtlich deutlich überschritten werden. Besser wäre es, das EU-System auszudehnen, dessen Preise zu übernehmen, in Deutschland früher mit den separaten Versteigerungen von Zertifikaten zu beginnen oder einfach auf die Gesetzesänderung zu verzichten.The Fuel Emissions Trading Act is intended to price greenhouse gas emissions that have not yet been covered by the EU emissions certificate trade, particularly in the transport and heating sectors. The most important point of the planned change in the law is the significant increase in emission prices in the introductory phase from 2021 to 2026. Shortly before the introduction, this reduces planning security and leads to prices at the level of the EU certificates right from the start, which are then likely to be significantly exceeded. It would be better to expand the EU system, to adopt its prices, to start the separate auctioning of certificates earlier in Germany or simply to forego the change in the law