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Framtidens inomhusmiljö - En kvantitativ studie i inomhusmiljö och behovet av ventilationskontroll i äldre småhus
No full textVi människor spenderar en stor del av våra liv inomhus, varför kvalitén på luften är av stor betydelse. En tydlig definition på begreppet god inomhusmiljö eller bra luftkvalité är svår att specificera, även om man vet att det finns ett flertal faktorer som påverkar den upplevda komforten och har inverkan på både människans hälsa och dess prestationsförmåga (Warfvinge & Dahlbom 2010). Konsekvenserna av dålig luftkvalitet har visat sig vara många, och problemet ter sig betydligt mer komplext än vad man inledningsvis kan tro.
Studien undersöker huruvida inomhusmiljörelaterade problem kan urskönjas i äldre småhus utrustade med självdrags- eller frånluftsventilation, och om det finns behov av att införa lagstadgade ventilationskontroller, likt systemet med OVK. Mätningar har genomförts i sex enfamiljshus i bostadsområdet Johanneslust i Malmö. Luftflöde, lufttemperatur, operativ temperatur samt relativ fuktighet har bestämts med adekvat mätutrustning, och denna data har kompletterats med en frågeenkät där de boende i området fått redogöra för upplevd inomhusmiljö.
Med avstamp i det teoretiska materialet samt rådande lagar och regelverk har mätresultaten och enkätsvaren kunnat analyseras och sammanställas. Det visade sig att endast ett av de sex mätobjekten uppnådde ett tillräckligt högt luftflöde per kvadratmeter boyta, enligt Boverkets definition på 0,35 l/s,m^2, men att den relativa fuktigheten i samtliga hus var inom ett acceptabelt intervall, likaså inomhustemperaturen. Resultatet från enkäterna visade att 98 % av de boende i området var mycket eller ganska nöjda med sin bostad överlag, men drag, för låg eller varierande rumstemperatur samt instängd lukt besvärade mellan 40 – 60 % av de svarande.
Av de framkomna resultaten drogs slutsatsen att otillräcklig luftomsättning i äldre småhus utrustade med självdrags- eller frånluftsventilation är tämligen vanligt förekommande. Tidigare studier, ELIB (1990) och Bostad barn och hälsa (2000), som visat att 4 av 5 hushåll har en luftomsättning som inte uppgår till kravet, kan tillsammans med mätresultaten vara en god indikator på att ett standardiserat system för ventilationskontroll i småhus bör införas.The study examines whether indoor environmental problems can be discerned in older single-family houses equipped with natural or exhaust air ventilation. Measurements have been conducted in six single-family houses in the residential area of Johanneslust and Håkanstorp, Malmö. The air flow and operational temperature as well as relative humidity has been determined, and the data has been paired with a questionnaire in which the residents of the area have had the opportunity to describe their perceived indoor environment.
Using the theoretical material and actual laws and regulations as a springboard, an analysis of the measurements and the obtained answers from the questionnaire could be made. It showed that only one out of the six houses in the study had an adequate air flow per square meter, defined by the Swedish Board of Housing as 0,35 l/s,m^2, but that the relative humidity and indoor temperature were both in what would be considered an acceptable span. 98 percent of the residents in the area were very or quite satisfied with their living space overall, but too low or varying room temperature and odor troubled 40 – 60 percent of the respondents.
The conclusion drawn from the results is that an insufficient air flow is common in older single-family houses equipped with natural or exhaust air ventilation systems. Previous studies, ELIB (1990) and Bostad barn och hälsa (2000), has shown that 4 out of 5 households have an air circulation that does not meet the requirement set, and in light of the results of this study legislated controls of the indoor environment and ventilation systems in single-family houses should be implemented, and possibly bring with it improved indoor environment
Tillväxtstrategier för en krympande kommun: En kvalitativ fallstudie över Simrishamns kommun
No full textSyftet med denna studie har varit att genom ett kvalitativt metodval se med hjälp av vilka metoder en svensk landsbygdskommun hanterar en kontinuerlig befolkningsminskning, som anses medföra en regional obalans. Detta har skett genom en litteraturstudie som innefattar olika perspektiv på ämnet och en fallstudie. För att besvara uppsatsen syfte har vi utgått från en litteratur- och intervjustudie, samtidigt som vi har granskat Simrishamns kommunala dokument. Arbetet grundar sig i att det finns tendenser i dagens samhälle som tyder på att flertalet av Sveriges kommuner minskar i befolkning. Detta uttrycker sig mest i Sveriges mindre kommuner och landsbygder, som avfolkas allt mer genom att både människor och företag flyttar därifrån till större städer. En respons till detta görs av politiker och kommuner genom satsningar på strategier som ska motverka en fortsatt befolkningsminskning samtidigt som det ska generera en befolkningsökning för att kunna föra kommunen framåt. I denna studie har vi utgått ifrån begreppet tillväxtstrategier som vi sedan har satt i förhållande till fallstudien över Simrishamns kommun som innehar en befolkningsminskning. Därav har vi skapat denna studies frågeställning; Vilka tillväxtstrategier har framlagts av Simrishamns kommun, för hantering av en befolkningsminskning och varför?
Resultaten av studien, påvisar att de generella tillväxtstrategier som har förekommit i litteraturöversikten, inte har kunnat appliceras fullt ut på Simrishamns kommun eftersom kommunens tillväxtstrategier inte har fokus på att skapa en befolkningsökning. Istället jobbar Simrishamns kommun med att förbättra och förstärka dagens förutsättningar vilket ska generera en starkare attraktionskraft, tillväxt kommer på köpet.
Nyckelord: tillväxtstrategi, befolkningsminskning, krympande städer, attraktivitet, regionförstoringThe purpose of this qualitative study has been to see what type of strategies are being used by a Swedish rural municipality that faces a continuing depopulation, which is considered to cause a regional disparity. We have based our thesis upon reviewings of literature, interviews and municipal documents. The work is based on the fact that there are trends in today's society that indicate that most of Sweden's municipalities have a declining population. This is most pronounced in Sweden's smaller municipalities and rural areas, which are increasingly depopulated by both people and businesses who are moving to larger cities. Politicians and municipalities response is to develop strategies that will counteract a continued reduction in population while generating a population increase in order to further advance the municipality. The study is originated from the concept of growth strategies, which we have then put in relation to the case study of Simrishamn municipality which has a population decrease. Hence, we have created this study's question; What growth strategies have been put forward by the municipality of Simrishamn for managing population decrease and why?
The results of the study show that the general growth strategies found in the literature review, could not be fully applied to the municipality of Simrishamn, since the municipality's growth strategies do not focus on creating a population increase. Instead, the municipality of Simrishamn is working to improve and strengthen today's conditions, which will generate a stronger attractiveness, growth follows.
Key words; growth strategy, population reduction, shrinking cities, attractiveness, regional enlargemen
Aktivism, från den virtuella världen till tusentals demonstranter på marken. En kvalitativ studie om syriska aktivisters användning av sociala medier under konflikten i Syrien
No full textHur använde de syriska aktivisterna sociala medier under konflikten i Syrien? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur sociala medier användes av syriska aktivister under konflikten i Syrien som började 2011 för att göra en förändring. Detta undersöks med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden bestående av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med aktivister boendes i Syrien respektive Sverige. Resultaten visar att sociala medier fungerade som alternativa arenor för demokratiska offentligheter då de var en viktig informations- och nyhetskälla för aktivisterna. Sociala medier har också visat sig som ett utrymme för aktivisterna att utanför myndigheternas kontroll uttrycka sig fritt och sprida information. Aktivisterna använde också sociala medier för att delta i rationella diskussioner med media och andra medborgare. Sociala medier kunde dessutom skapa en större inkluderade känsla som gjorde den kollektiva handlingen enklare och effektivare. Resultatet visar också att sociala medier var en viktig faktor i resursmobilisering i dess olika typer för aktivisterna under konflikten. Studien visar även att sociala medier har gjort det enklare för aktivisterna att nå målgruppen, att sprida deras budskap och att uppmana om en kollektiv handling.How did the Syrian activists use social media during the conflict in Syria? The purpose of this study is to investigate how social media was used by Syrian activists during the conflict in Syria that began in 2011 to make a social change. This was investigated using the qualitative method consisting of six semi-structured interviews with activists living in Syria and Sweden respectively. The results show that social media served as alternative arenas for the democratic public sphere. Social media were an important source for information and news for the activists. Social media has also emerged as space for activists to express themselves freely and disseminate information outside the control of the authorities. The activists also used social media to take part in rational discussions with the media and other citizens. In addition, social media could create a larger included feeling that made the collective action easier and more effective. The results also show that social media was an important factor in resource mobilization in its different types for activists during the conflict. Social media has made it easier for activists to reach the target group, to spread their message and to call for collective action
Multinational Corporations: A case of impunity - An argumentation analysis on the parliamentary debate of the Swiss Business Initiative
No full textNon-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the media are constantly drawing attention to human rights violations caused by multinational corporations abroad (MNC). Due to the lack of an adequate framework to hold corporations accountable for their corporate misconduct across borders, there is a liability gap. Extensive research has been undertaken by political philosophers as well as lawyers attempting to fill the gap, leaving the question why it still exists. Currently, there is a debate in the Swiss parliament about the implementation of a constitutional law which could fill this gap. By conducting an argumentation analysis on the parliamentary debate about the Swiss Business Initiative (SBI), this thesis seeks to analyze how politicians are framing the debate, as well as what normative concerns of the academy have been discussed or left out. Finally, the paper concludes with seven findings that could be focused on more in praxis
Att leva i ett kulturellt ingenmansland - En narrativ studie om hur hederskulturen präglar unga mäns identitetsutveckling
No full textHonour-related violence and oppression is a global problem that affects an enormous number of people. Identity formation is a critical development stage for young people and can be even more problematic when living in an honour-related culture within a modern-day Scandinavia. In this thesis, we focus on the narratives of two young men who highlight the complexity of living across two distinct cultural contexts, a parallel society in other words. We used narrative analysis to examine two autobiographies;one from aDanish setting, the other from a Swedish one. The study set out to examine what an honour culture is and how it affected the lives of the young men who tell their story. Our analysis shows that young men are also exposed to violence and oppression. As a result, they may suffer from various stresses, both physical and psychological, in the form of abuse, forced marriage and compulsory role assignments in the family and broader community. The study provides a clear picture of how life in a parallel society can turn out for young men and how their identity is affected in the process. Furthermore, our study highlights the lived experiences of the young men and examines the resilience required to break away from a culture that undermines one's ability to live an independent life
Digitala verktyg i spåren av en pandemi En kvalitativ undersökning av digitalt lärande i religionskunskapsämnet på gymnasiet
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur digitalt lärande och undervisning sker under Covid-19 pandemin i religionskunskapsämnet på gymnasienivå. Vi vill också synliggöra religionslärares uppfattning om hur elevers lärande eventuellt påverkas av det digitala lärande som följt Covid-19 pandemin. För att få svar på frågeställningarna genomförs det en kvalitativ intervjustudie utifrån en hermeneutisk ansats. Intervjuerna skedde utifrån en semistrukturerad intervjuguide. Empirin som kommit ifrån våra sex intervjuer har tolkats utifrån hermeneutiken som metod. Under rubriken tidigare forskning lyfts forskning om fjärr- och distansundervisning men även om digital undervisning som helhet. Resultatet visar att digitaliserat lärande är problematiskt för elevers lärande eftersom undervisningen saknar dynamisk kommunikation och att lärarna inte kan utföra sin undervisning som de vill och bör. Resultatet visar även att den digitala undervisningen inte skiljer sig särskilt mycket ifrån den fysiska undervisningen. Vilket vi lyfter fram som något problematiskt och eventuellt som ett framtida forskningsämne då lärarna eventuellt inte utnyttjar de digitala verktyg en lärare har tillgång till optimalt
Fitness Discourse on Instagram: A Corpus Linguistic Analysis
No full textFitness relates to several life aspects, such as health and exercise. Because of its vast popularity, it is often referred to as a ‘fitness trend’ where the body has a central role. Due to technological advances, fitness has found its way into mobile applications and Social Network Sites (SNSs), prompting the linguistic analysis of these environments. This study investigates how female fitness is discussed by female personal trainers (PTs) online. A mixed approach of quantitative methodology (Corpus Linguistics) and qualitative textual analysis (Discourse Analysis) was adopted. Following Baker’s corpus-driven approach (2006), a specialised corpus was compiled with a total of 440 posts (51,779 tokens) from the Instagram accounts of three female professional PTs. Various patterns were presented under four themes: mind and body, physical strength, empowerment, and the FITNESS IS A JOURNEY metaphor. The most salient patterns discussed were health, aesthetics, weight-loss, and body-representation. There was strong evidence of other trends (‘fitspiration’, ‘HAES’, and ‘body positivity’) which promote a positive body image and strength (physical and mental) as a health indicator. In sum, the findings provide a female PT’s perspective on fitness and show how female fitness is promoted by encouraging positive narratives around fitness, the body and ourselves
Implementation of Physical Activity at the Workplace to Improve Well-being - In a Danish Context
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the thesis was to investigate how a ten-week physical activity intervention
could affect the general well-being of employees from a sedentary office environment.
Method: 16 employees participated in a ten-week intervention which implemented
physical activity in their workplace. To measure the participant’s well-being, three surveys
was distributed to all. One before, during, and after the intervention. Furthermore,
were six interviews with individuals conducted after the intervention ended.
Results: The employees created awareness of the importance of being physically active,
and experienced changes in their physical and mental well-being.
Conclusion: Well-being is an individual feeling, which is affected by external elements
changing a person’s needs
Biophysical differences between COPD, CF and healthy airways mucus.
No full textAn improved understanding of the mucus biophysical alteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is a milestone towards a more accurate and effective treatment of these common and highly debilitating conditions. Little is known about the variations in mucus structure between ill and healthy individuals. An established fact, however, is the role of the mucus obstruction in the exacerbation of the two conditions which impairs the physiological cleaning mechanism of the airways (mucociliary clearance) and is assessed as the strongest predictor of mortality. Therefore, it appears relevant to investigate which properties and structural changes are responsible of the impaired clearance of airway mucus. This thesis presents investigations of mucus on the basis of mucin structure observed in healthy, COPD and cystic fibrosis bronchial mucus samples. AFM (atomic force microscopy) and synchrotron SAXS (small angle X-ray scattering) techniques were used to characterise the structural features of the mucin molecules and allowed to identify the dumbbell structure of airways mucin monomers. The analysis of structural and dimensional features of mucins, highlighted a greater similarity of COPD with the healthy sample rather than with cystic fibrosis. The water sorption analysis using QCM-D (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring), established a divergent behaviour between COPD and cystic fibrosis. Compared to healthy specimen, the mucus from COPD donors, showed a greater tendency to absorb water while cystic fibrosis mucus, in contrast, displayed the lowest water absorption
DATA-DRIVEN DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES An exploration into digital transformation and business strategy building entailed by a dynamic capabilities view
No full textThe pervasive nature of technological advancements has increased the complexity, and thus the environmental volatility that span well across the borders of industries and na-tions. It could be argued that the need for firms to demonstrate dynamic capabilities are greater than ever before. In this conceptual study we take an exploratory approach to understand how dynamic capabilities are dynamically interconnected with digital trans-formation and the consequences this has on the business model(s) and further, the over-arching business strategy. This is realized through the introduction of a conceptual framework for “data-driven dynamic capabilities” which constitutes that there is a dynam-ic interconnectivity at play between the dynamic capabilities and digital transformation themes. Our findings suggest that the dynamic conflation between the two help fuel one another and that the firm’s business model(s) ought to be congruent with its data-driven dynamic capabilities. Further our findings suggest that there is a feedback loop between the firm’s overarching business strategy and its data-driven dynamic capabilities. Thus, the implications of this conceptual paper will be to create new value, adding knowledge and new theoretical trajectories into the field with the help of the integrative conceptual framework introduced in our study