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Polish sovereignty and the European Union - The analysis of sovereignty as a political tool in the words of the Polish President Andrzej Duda
No full textThe juridical reforms proposed by the Polish government have brought the attention of European institutions. The conflict concerns the matter of sovereignty, as the reforms conducts changes on domestic level. The paper discusses how national identity of states can shape the understanding of sovereignty. The paper aims to understand how sovereignty can be used as a political tool in relation between Poland and the European Union. The research question asks, “How Polish national identity constitutes the EU as a threat to sovereignty?”. To answer this question, the thesis applies poststructuralist’s concepts to the narrative analysis on speeches of the Polish President Andrzej Duda. The results of the thesis indicate that sovereignty can be understood subjectively, thus can be used as a political tool that can legitimise and justify policies as well as construct relations with others
Att välja litteratur till förskolan - Om urvalsprocesser och fostran genom litteratur
No full textThere was a culture debate during 2019 in the Swedish newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, about what kind of literature children should take part of. We took an interest in the debate and wanted to study teachers’ approach to literature in preschools. We found a problem whether the literature should have an educational purpose for the unready child or as stated in the curriculum that children should be viewed as owners of their agency. From the social constructivism concepts of being and becoming, this paper aims to investigate educators’ selection processes of literature and approaches to reading in preschools, and to conceptualise how this type of literary content can be used to teach children civic pointers.
In this qualitative study we interviewed people who were working in preschools. We included teachers from different workplaces, assignments and age groups. The results of this study show that the preschools not exclusively have a being or becoming approach to literature, but that the approaches actually coexist in the everyday work. That is, the children are sometimes considered competent enough to handle rather complex ethical problems in the literature, but in other situations the preschool teachers change the stories to for example not scare the children. The literature had distinct purposes in the preschools, for example to help the children reflect over different life situations and teach them how to properly handle such situations. A common strategy the teachers used to accomplish this was to change the stories or characters of the literature they used. In conclusion, this study shows that the selection processes of literature in preschools aim for children to recognise themselves in the literature and it should be developing and challenging for the children. Furthermore, teachers make conscious choices when reading to the children. We also found that teaching civic pointers to children is a constant process in early education. This study can help teachers to be aware of how literature is selected in preschools, that different approaches to literature might form children and that it is an ongoing process
Utveckling och validering av en qPCR metod för detektion av DNA från tarmbakterier i blod/plasma
No full textEnligt "Leaky gut”-hypotesen är ökad translokation av gramnegativa bakterier genom tarmslemhinnan förknippad med neuroimmuna störningar. Denna ökning av permeabiliteten i tarmslemhinnan kan orsakas av störning i tarmfloran efter antibiotikabruk eller sjukdom, vilket kan leda till inflammatoriska processer. Inflammation har sedan tidigare blivit förknippad med allvarlig depressiv störning och självmordsbeteende. Studiens syfte var att utveckla och validera en qPCR-baserad metod för att kunna detektera DNA från tarmbakterier i blod/plasma, som ett tecken på translokering av bakterier. Två primerpar för amplifiering av 16S rDNA utreddes genom observation av PCR-reaktioner med humant och bakteriellt DNA. Det mest optimala primerparets PCR effektiviteten och linjäriteten testades. Metodens funktion kontrollerades sedan med helblod och plasma med tillsats av exogent DNA från E.coli. Den utvecklade qPCR metoden detekterar bakterie DNA i prov med 10 kopior/µl, vilket gör den tillräckligt känslig för detektion av tarmbakterier i blod.According to the "Leaky gut" hypothesis, increased translocation of gram-negative bacteria through the intestinal mucosa is associated with neuroimmune disorders. The increase of permeability of the intestinal mucosa may be caused by disturbance of the intestinal flora after antibiotic use or disease, which can lead to inflammatory processes. Inflammation has previously been associated with major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a qPCR-based method for detecting DNA from intestinal bacteria in blod/plasma, as a sign of decreased mucosal integrity. Two different primer pairs, targeting 16S rDNA, were investigated by observing their PCR reactivity with human and bacterial DNA. PCR efficiency and linearity were tested on the most optimal primer pair. The function of the method was then verified with whole blood and plasma with the addition of exogenous DNA from E.coli. The developed qPCR method detects bacterial DNA in samples at 10 copies/µl, making it sufficiently sensitive for detection of intestinal bacterial DNA in blood
Beneath the surface of China's Social Credit System
No full textChina has developed a technological Social Credit System that monitors, collects, and analyses behavioural data from citizens and enterprises. The system categorises them trustworthy or untrustworthy according to their behaviour. This paper aims to investigate the technological elements of China’s Social Credit System and analyse its social functions. In doing so, I will address the human rights implications following from the system. The thesis uses a content analysis method and draws on three theoretical studies, including, dataveillance, social sorting and neoliberalism and subjectivity. The study shows that China intends to continue investing in immoral technological elements; might succeed to govern citizens in self-governing; and prioritises the system in front of scarce human rights regulations. The conclusion holds that China intends to continue developing and strengthening the Social Credit System to enhance the behaviour of their society, regardless of some human rights implications, to reach their desired outcome
Legal Restrictions and the Shrinking Civic Space: A Comparison of the Situation for Ugandan NGOs in the Oil and Gas Sector Between 2012 and 2018
No full textOrganizations in the Ugandan civil society sector have faced legal and extra-legal restrictions on their operations, a phenomenon referred to as the ‘shrinking civic space’ which has been on the rise globally. The Ugandan government has taken several measures towards controlling the operational space of, especially organizations working on issues of human rights, anti-corruption, electoral democracy, and social justice and accountability issues in the oil and gas sector. This thesis presents a within-case comparison over time, by analyzing the shrinking civic space of non-governmental organizations working in the oil and gas sector in Uganda between years 2012-2018. The aim is to review the changes of the national legal framework that took place in 2013, 2016 and 2017, and compare the extra-legal and legal restrictions that oil and gas NGOs have faced before and after the alterations. This study finds that while the legal restrictions imposed in 2013-2017 went further than the laws previously in place, the NGOs in the oil and gas sector already faced similar restrictions before – implying that the implementation of the new laws was part of formalizing restrictions of the civic space which were already practiced
Kostnadseffektiv ljudabsorbent för små rum
No full textSyftet med denna uppsats är att utveckla en kostnadseffektiv ljudabsorbent som adresserar akustiska problem i små rum ämnade för kritisk lyssning. Från en kombinerad analys av målgruppens behov och empiriska studier av moderna ljudproduktionsmiljöer dras slutsatsen att hög absorptionsprestanda i frekvensområdet under 125 Hz är önskvärt. En hörnabsorbent och väggabsorbent tas fram och tillverkas som prototyp. Totalt tolv experimentprototyper med variabla egenskaper byggs i verkstad och testas i både laboratoriemiljö och genom en verklig akustikbehandling.
Resultatet visar att hörnmonterade viskoelastiska membranabsorbenter i förhållande till konstruktionskostnad ger en mycket effektiv sänkning av efterklangstider i det lägre frekvensområdet, utan att rummet upplevs överdämpat i de högre frekvenserna. Via behandling med viskoelastiska membranabsorbenter i hörn och på bak, fram eller sidoväggar kan i ett litet rum uppnås efterklangstider som motsvarar rekommendationerna för högkvalitativa lyssningsrum enligt EBU-standard. Skapandet av en reflektionsfri zon med porös absorption i reflektionspunkterna är fortfarande rekommenderat för vidare utjämning av rummets frekvensåtergivning och eliminering av tidiga reflektioner.The objective of this thesis is the development of a low-cost high-efficiency sound absorber that addresses the specific acoustical needs for small spaces aimed at critical listening. By combining analysis of target group requirements with an empirical study of modern spaces used for audio production, it’s determined that a product with high absorption performance in the sub 125 Hz region is required. A corner mounted absorber and a wall mounted absorber is designed and manufactured as prototypes. A total of twelve prototypes with variable properties are built and tested in both lab environment and in real- life acoustic treatment situation.
The final result shows that concerning construction costs, corner placed limp-mass membrane absorbers give a very efficient reduction of reverberation times in the lower frequency range, without over-dampening of the room in the higher frequency range. Treatment with limp-mass membrane traps in corners, and limp-mass membrane-based hybrid absorbers on the back, side or front walls can in a small room even out reverberation times over the entire frequency spectrum, to values that correspond to the recommendations from EBU for a high-quality sound control room. Creation of a reflection-free zone with porous absorption at the first reflection points is still recommended for further smoothening of the room frequency response curve and dampening of early reflections
Speculating Relationships
No full textIn this thesis the idea of relationship-centered design is proposed based on a speculative design project which is grounded in an understanding of post-anthropocentrism. To facilitate post-anthropocentric human-artifact relationships, that don’t favor living actors over non-living actor, objects may appear to have a life-like agency based on needs and therefore must be empathized with which can be achieved through object characters. Through the discussion of materiality, object behaviors, and object characters, the philosophy of object-oriented ontology and the social-theory of actor-network theory are connected to concepts from interaction design and reveal that materiality, object characters, and object behaviors “meet” in the interaction of humans and artifacts. The phenomenological approach of the Research through Design methodology has shown how the applied methods, that were focussed on the perceived experience of the designer, helped to identify possible correlations of materiality, object behavior and object characters that might affect the human-artifact relationship. Further, the research identified possible implications of post-anthropocentric design, which suggests, that further investigation of how post-anthropocentrism as an approach to design might influence aspects as understandings of equality, consent, and consumption behavior which eventually might have an influence on socio-political structures.
The Rights of Undocumented Migrants in Finland - Different actors’ understanding and representation of the rights in the Finnish newspapers
No full textIn this thesis, I analyse how the rights of undocumented migrants are understood and represented by different actors, such as politicians, public sector representatives, and Finnish scholars, in Finnish newspapers between 2015-2019. I conduct an argumentation analysis of secondary source news articles, drawing on a theoretical framework of Differentiation Theory and Social Constructivist Approach. This study identifies some key factors, which have contributed to the construction of an unclear understanding of undocumented migrants' rights. My results show that the identified factors have inter alia, led to significant municipal differences in the provision of rights. I argue that due to various factors, the understanding and representation of the rights of undocumented migrants differ widely, thus creating ambiguity to the overall understanding. The findings contribute to earlier research made on the rights of undocumented migrants in Finland as it examines how the rights are understood and represented and could potentially be employed both in policy development and understanding the concept itself
Football coaches’ awareness and implementation of team dynamics
No full textAbstract
Title:
Football coaches’ awareness and implementation of team dynamics
Objectives:
This research aims to explore, based on the in-depth interviews with Czech male football coaches, how the football coaches work with team dynamics and its principles, during recruitment/transfers, training process, and specific situations, and potentially ascertain what are the obstacles for the team dynamics principles implementation.
Methods:
The primary method used in this research is the qualitative method of semistructured in-depth interviews. Research is focused on the population of male Czech football coaches with at least half a year of experience. The research sample consists of 7 respondents. The data are proceeded according to GDPR and anonymized. For the data interpretation, the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is used.
Results:
The respondents are aware of team cohesion, climate, and synergy and understand the importance of team dynamics in general. If it is possible, the coaches look at the players' psychological characteristics and consider them in relation to the rest of the team and even their potential behavior. The coaches’ behavior and interventions differ based on the situation. However, they tend not to intervene much, and they also don't use almost any analytical tools in terms of team dynamics. That can be caused by many factors such as they perceived the team dynamics as part of psychology, which according to this research, might be perceived as a tool for problem treatment, not as a preventive tool. There are also some structural barriers such as unclear club concept, unclear competency among the responsible, not enough emphasis on team dynamics during the licenses education and players’ agents pressure, as well as language barrier, which seems to prevent successful implementation of foreign players. The respondents tend to rationalize some of the problems.
Keywords:
cohesion, team climate, synergy, competencies, recruitment, training process, leadership styles, systematical obstacles, barrier
Fysisk aktivitet bland ungdomar i Ängelholms kommun
No full textI dagens samhälle ökar den stillasittande vardagen allt mer och mer och människan blir allt mer lat och bekväm i sin vardag. Vi spenderar mycket av våra fria tid sittandes framför både datorer, telefoner och tv:n, vi kör bil istället för att gå eller cykla och vi väljer hiss eller rulltrappa framför att gå själva. Detta beteende sjunker allt lägre i åldrarna vilket leder till att barn och ungdomar rör på sig alldeles för lite i dagens samhälle. Studier visar att en grupp på cirka sex procent av alla barn och ungdomar i samhället inte är fysiskt aktiva i varken skolan eller på fritiden. Syftet med studien är därför att undersöka hur pass fysiskt aktiva ungdomar är i Ängelholms kommun och vad som ligger till grund för deras fysiska aktivitet och inaktivitet. För att besvara syftet användes en kvantitativ metod i form av enkätinsamling på en skola placerad i de centrala delarna av kommunen. Resultatet visade på att totalt 269 av 301 deltagare från Kungsgårdsskolan är fysiskt aktiva och lever upp till de rekommendationer som finns. Motiven bakom fysisk aktivitet är för att upprätthålla god hälsa, fysik och för att det är roligt. Motiven bakom fysisk inaktivitet är för att det är tråkigt, för att man inte hinner eller för att man inte vet vad man skulle träna i så fall. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av självbestämmandeteorin (SDT) och dess olika delar som ligger till grund för en individs motivation. Slutsatsen för studien är att minst 269 av ungdomarna på Kungsgårdsskolan lever upp till rekommendationerna som finns. Trots detta är där fortfarande en andel som inte är fysiskt aktiva och det är denna grupp som kommunen måste fokusera på vid framtida arbeten. Den andel som inte är fysisk aktiva tillhör med stor sannolikhet den grupp på sex procent som inte är fysiskt aktiva under fritiden, i skolan eller på raster.In today’s society it is more and more common to spend the majority of our days sitting. Studies show that six percent of all the youths are not being physically active in either school or on their free time. The purpose of this study was therefore to find out how physically active young people are in the municipality of Ängelholm and what underlies physical activity and inactivity. The research questions of the study were: to what extent are young people physically active? Why are young people not physically active? Why are young people physically active? To get answers to the purpose a quantitative method was used in the form of questionnaire collection. To analyze the results, I used the self-determination theory and its concepts that underlie an individual’s motivation. The results and conclusion of the study shows that 269 of 301 participants are living up to the recommendations