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Matematisk litteracitet – arbetssätt och påverkande faktorer
No full textDen här uppsatsen är skriven med syftet att öka kunskapen kring hur man som pedagog praktiskt kan utforma undervisningen för att den ska stärka elevernas matematiska litteracitet samt undersöka vilka personliga egenskaper hos eleverna som har en betydelse för deras utveckling av matematisk litteracitet.
Arbetet har utförts genom en sammanställning av den aktuella vetenskapliga forskningen (2000–2019) kring matematisk litteracitet genom datainsamling via metodiska sökningar i databaser.
De individuella faktorer som funnits ha störst påverkan på elevers utveckling av matematisk litteracitet är “self-efficacy” och “mathematic anxiety”, men även elevens intresse för matematik och det rådande klassrumsklimatet har en viss inverkan. Arbete med matematiska ord och begrepp samt fokus på att prata och diskutera matematik i klassrummet har en positiv inverkan på elevers matematiska litteracitet.
För att öka elevers utveckling av matematisk litteracitet bör läraren arbeta med material och metoder som ligger utanför den traditionella undervisningen. Dessa material kan innefatta matematiska texter att diskutera samt “rika problem” för eleverna att arbeta med. För att kunna arbeta på ett diskuterande och argumenterande sätt med elever är det viktigt att ha en tillåtande klassrumsmiljö där eleverna vågar diskutera och argumentera
Samband mellan läs- och skrivsvårigheter och matematiksvårigheter
No full textDenna litteraturstudie avser att sammanställa och redovisa vetenskapliga artiklar som hanterar vår frågeställning: “Vilket samband finns det mellan läs- och skrivsvårigheter och matematiksvårigheter?”. För att få fram artiklar har sökningar gjorts på databaserna ERIC och SwePub. I dessa databaser har sökord kombinerats för att få fram vetenskapliga artiklar som besvarar frågeställningen. Artiklar har även hittats genom att använda sig av artiklars referenser, en så kallad kedjesökning. Sju källor valdes ut till denna översikt. Litteraturstudiens resultat visar att gemensamma bakomliggande faktorer kan påverka båda svårigheterna samtidigt och att den fonologiska medvetenheten är en stor bidragande orsak till varför elever med dyslexi har svårigheter i matematik. Svårigheterna som eleverna med läs-och skrivsvårigheter påvisar är deras brist i att förstå och tolka texter inom matematiken
Producing Alternative Urban Spaces : Social Mobilisation and New Forms of Agency in the Spanish Housing Crisis
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the social mobilisation in Spain provoked
by the financial crisis which started in 2008. Specifically, the thesis
analyses the intersections of the housing movement with some political
coalitions that won many municipalities in 2015. It does so to explain
the dynamics that lead to the creation of a “space of activism” capable
of opposing the capitalist organisation of space.
Since the beginning of the crisis thousands of Spanish people have lost
their homes because they were unable to pay their mortgages. The debt
that these people have contracted for covering their housing needs has
become such an unbearable burden that many see protest as the only
way to avoid being thrown onto the streets. The consequent mobilisation
has been canalised mainly through the Platform of People Affected by
Mortgages (PAH). Created in Barcelona, this organisation has expanded
all over the country, not due to a centralised strategy directed from Barcelona,
but to a “contagious” shooting up of chapters that provokes a
strong independence among the chapters and a focus on local mobilisation.
Despite being able to stop evictions and to force the renegotiation of individual mortgages, PAH has failed to force legal or systemic
changes. These difficulties animated many activists to promote the creation
of multiple coalitions with diverse political organisations to run for
the 2015 local elections.
In interrogating what the dynamics that shape this mobilisation are and
examining the transition between the movements, this thesis focuses on
two definitory characteristics of these organisations. The first one is their high degrees of heterogeneity. This heterogeneity became evident
in PAH due to the coexistence of different social classes, nationalities,
perceptions or values. Whereas in the municipal platforms, the heterogeneity
was mainly linked to the coalition of multiple political groups
with diverse ideologies. The thesis explores the role and the influence of
this heterogeneity, and the way the different groups handle it.
The second definitory characteristic is the high levels of decentralisation
and localism that mark the activism of these organisations. That said, the
groups are not totally disconnected from each other and their localism is
accompanied by certain forms of integration that raise questions about
how these connections take place and articulate the different local struggles.
In reflecting about these definitory characteristics, the thesis investigates
the relation between heterogeneity and the production of space,
as well as its relation to the development of certain forms of agency. The fieldwork was based on ethnocartographic research in two local
chapters of PAH (PAH Barcelona and Stop Desahucios Coruña) and
two municipal coalitions (Barcelona en Comú and Marea Atlántica) in
order to research groups of different sizes, visibility and in different
contexts. Ethnocartographic methods aim to map the affective relations
between the activists that shape certain dynamics that influence the way
the activism develops. To advance in this direction, the thesis excavates the possibility of combining
Deleuze and Guattari’s conceptualisation of politics with that of
Lefebvre’s theory concerning the production of space. Grounded in their
common interest in relationality, everyday life and heterogeneity, the
theoretical framework explores the potential of this combination to analyse
the connections between the general dynamics that shape activism
and the redefinition of agency so as to contest neoliberal urbanism. The
analysis excavates how the contention developed by these local groups
produces specific forms of space and the potential of these to become
spaces of everyday life that confront capitalist representations which organise
space. By focusing on this production of space, the thesis addresses
the role of heterogeneity in those dynamics and the changes in
the agency of the activists. The research reveals the importance of space as the product of the confrontation
between the capitalist attempts to organise space and its resistances
by the users. The activism, especially that of PAH, has implemented
a change in the affective relationships of those subjected to debt.
These people transform their passive subjection to the constraints imposed
by a spatial organisation around debt into an active agency that
mobilises an affective capability to challenge that indebtedness. The
coming together of heterogeneous groups of people and their perceptions
proved to be the key for this mobilisation, this is especially so concerning
the central role of certain activists that incorporate their antagonist
perceptions in those affective relations. Nevertheless, the cases
demonstrated how, to challenge indebtedness and capitalist imposition,
the heterogeneity has not only to be exposed and articulated, but also
assembled. When the different perceptions are assembled new representations
emerge. These favour the development of new perceptions that
confront individual subjectification. The thesis argues that these new
representations of everyday life do not develop a full confrontation of
capitalist representations. They need the creation of other spaces to
avoid jeopardising the cohesion of heterogeneity. It is in these terms that
the coalitions must be understood. These coalitions fully develop the abstraction
of demands hinted by the representations developed by PAH,
by completing a transition from the performative politics that were predominant
in PAH to the representational politics that become dominant
in the coalitions. The thesis argues that the way in which this transition
is made, by avoiding dynamics of rescaling, has favoured the cohesion
of the groups, reduced the tensions linked to dynamics of abstraction
and generated a “space of activism” based on horizontality that poses a
considerable challenge for capitalism to reimpose subjection
Students’ perception on role-play in EFL/ESL-classrooms in relation to their speaking ability
No full textThis research paper examines students’ perception of how role-play could affect their confidence in accordance with their speaking ability in EFL/ESL- classrooms. It has tried to respond to the research question “To what extent do Swedish EFL/ESL- students find role-play helpful for their confidence in their speaking ability?.” In addition, an analysis of relevant research supported the theoretical background on the subjects of Second language acquisition (SLA), Communicative language teaching (CLT), the Sociocultural perspective and the steering documents from Skolverket. Moreover, the research used a qualitative method through interviews. The interviews were performed with eight students from 7th-9th grade. To complement the study a questionnaire was conducted to show the distribution of students confidence on a scale from 1-5. The collected data was from a role-play activity that was tested similarly in six EFL/ESL-classes. At the end of the classes, they were evaluated in a Google Formula. Then, it was possible to see connections between the level of confidence and how helpful role-play was for the students. In the result, the interviewees all agreed on the role-play possibly being a helpful tool to improve the speaking ability. In addition, the questionnaire showed that 64% of the participants thought that role-play helped them to speak more confidently in English. Also, it was shown that students in the middle of the scale were the ones that found role-play most beneficial. At last, the factors that seemed to develop students’ confidence the most from the role-play were the structure of a group, the chosen themes, and the support students received from the framework
How do Teachers use Reading as a Tool of Vocabulary Acquisition, in the ESL Classroom?
No full textThis degree project aims to investigate which methods five school teachers, in compulsory education, integrate into their practice when teaching ESL learners vocabulary through reading. Moreover, it aims to find out if the reported teacher practices reflect what is currently viewed as effective vocabulary instructions. The research question that guided this study was, what methods or underlying theories do ESL teachers, in South Sweden, find useful when teaching vocabulary through reading? The research used classroom observations, individual interviews, together with a thorough analysis of relevant research on the subject of SLA. Moreover, despite the vast research in this area regarding effective practices of vocabulary acquisition, teachers tend to use old fashioned, and simple methods when teaching and assessing vocabulary acquisition. Underlying reasoning is said to be lack of time, or knowledge of how to incorporate efficient practices in their teaching. To conclude, we believe that teachers would benefit from receiving further education on how to incorporate potent practices, so that they are able to more efficiently integrate them into their current language learning activities
Njurdonatorers upplevelser av utredningsprocessen och deras beslut om donation till anhörig
No full textSvenskt:
Bakgrund: Under 2018 utfördes 448 njurtransplantationer i Sverige, varav 144
var från levande donatorer. Njurdonation från en levande donator är
förstahandsvalet eftersom det har visat sig medföra högre transplantatöverlevnad
jämfört med en avliden donator. En njurtransplantation räddar liv och det är den
medicinska och psykosociala utredningen som avgör om en person är lämplig för
njurdonation. En person som donerar en njure och genomgår en nefrektomi är
sedan tidigare frisk vilket skiljer sig från andra patienter i vården som blir inlagda
på grund av sjukdom.
Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva njurdonatorers upplevelser av
utredningsprocessen och deras beslut om donation till anhörig.
Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats användes. Studier söktes i
databaserna CINAHL, PsycINFO och PubMed och analyserades genom en latent
innehållsanalys.
Resultat: Resultatet baseras på 10 vetenskapliga studier. Fyra huvudteman
identifierades varav två berör beslutsfattandet: motiverande och hämmande som
beskriver vad donatorer upplevde låg till grund för att donera. De två andra berör
utredningsprocessen: tillit till vården och påfrestningar som beskriver donatorers
upplevelser av vårdens organisationsförmåga, vårdpersonalens bemötande och
ytterligare psykiska belastningar.
Konklusion: Det är en komplex process att besluta om donation. Donatorn
behöver stöttning av familj och närstående men också av vårdpersonal genom bra
bemötande samt att donatorn blir försedd med rätt och relevant information för att
fatta ett eget beslut. Slutligen, kan det vidare diskuteras varför kvinnor i större
utsträckning än män är benägna att donera en njure.
Nyckelord: Anhörig, beslutsfattande, levande donator, njurtransplantation,
utredningsprocess.English:
Background: In 2018, 448 kidney transplantations were made in Sweden, 144 of
which were from living donors. Kidney donations from a living donor is the first
choice since it has proved to bring higher transplant survival compared to
deceased donors. A kidney transplantation saves lives and it is the medical and
psychosocial examination that determines whether a person is suitable for a
kidney donation. A person who donates a kidney, and undergoes a nephrectomy,
is a healthy person opposite to other people in the health care who stay at the
hospital due to illness.
Aim: The aim of this qualitative literature review was to describe kidney donors’
experiences of the pre-transplant period and their decision about donation to a
relative.
Method: A qualitative literature review was conducted. Studies were searched in
the databases CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed and analyzed with a content
analysis.
Findings: The findings were based on ten scientific studies. Four main themes
were identified and two of them concern the decision-making process:
motivational and inhibiting, which describe how donors experienced their reasons
for donating. The two other themes concern the pre-transplant period: trust to the
health care system and tension, which describe the donors’ experiences of the
health care’s abilities to organize the care system, the health care personnel’s
treatment of the donors and other demanding psychological factors.
Conclusion: The decision-making process is complex and is based on taking
multiple factors in consideration. Support from family, relatives and health care
personnel is important and the donors receiving essential and correct information
to be able to make their own decisions. Finally, it could be discussed why women
are more likely to donate a kidney, than men.
Key words: Decision-making process, family donor, living donor, kidney
transplantation, pre-transplant period
Hur kan du så många ord? En kunskapsöversikt om framgångsrik ordundervisning i gymnasieskolans svenskämne.
No full textDenna kunskapsöversikt syftar till att identifiera framgångsrik undervisning gällande utveckling av ordförrådet under gymnasietiden knutet till svenskämnet samt beskriva dess förutsättningar relaterade till de språkliga förmågorna läsa, skriva, tala och lyssna. Utifrån sökorden ordförråd, svenska och undervisningsmetod samt relaterade synonymer och engelska översättningar gjordes sökningar i referensdatabaser för att finna befintlig forskning inom området. Efter granskning av sökresultatet valdes tolv texter som undersöker en svensk, amerikansk och australiensisk skolkontext. Den befintliga forskningen belyser främst de språkliga förmågorna läsa och skriva och visar att det som karaktäriserar framgångsrik undervisning om ordförråd är explicita undervisningsmetoder där ord tränas med hjälp av strategier och i olika kontexter. Vidare bör undervisningen ske kontinuerligt där läraren själv praktiserar strategierna. Det är också viktigt att lärarna arbetar för att skapa ett genuint intresse och på så sätt öka elevernas motivation och engagemang. Gällande förmågorna tala och lyssna visar denna kunskapsöversikt att det tycks finnas begränsad respektive ingen forskning inom området
Arbete med föräldraskap och relationen föräldrar-barn - inom öppenvårdsbehandling för missbruk
No full textThe aim of this study was to examine how social workers in outpatient programs for
drug and alcohol abuse explain the process of working with parenthood and the
parental ability amongst clients with children. The study was conducted through
qualitative interviews with five different social workers, who worked within an
outpatient programs. The analysis was done through two different perspectives; one
with focus on the clients engagement in different social systems and one regarding the
clients relationships and interaction with others. The main findings of this study are
that the outpatient programs work with parenthood is initiated through the client's
own wishes to work on certain aspects of the parent-child relationship, and in
dialogue with social workers and other members of the outpatient program. It was
also discovered that children were involved in the therapeutic work to some extent,
but that working with parenthood also revolved around the client being able to
express feelings of shame and guilt, and how to overcome these feelings with the help
of the social workers and fellow outpatients
Inkluderande undervisning för nyanlända
No full textIdag står skolan, pedagoger och undervisningen inför stora utmaningar. Då Sverige på senare tid tagit emot stora migrationsströmmar. Detta påverkar skolan och dess personal men även de människorna som migrerat, framförallt nyanlända eleverna. För att pedagogerna ska lyckas inkludera nyanlända elever behöver pedagogerna se över sitt arbetssätt samt möta eleverna efter behov. Detta är inte en enkel uppgift och därmed kommer vi presenterar vi olika områden i kunskapsöversikten som kan hjälpa pedagoger, föräldrar samt nyanlända elever. De olika områden vi har valt att presentera är hur föräldrasamverkan, inkludering i ordinarie undervisning, inkludering i religionsundervisning samt språket. Resultatet visar på att det går att inkludera de nyanlända eleverna med hjälp av de olika tillvägagångssätt, exempelvis snabbare tillgång i ordinarie undervisning, att länken mellan skolverksamheten och föräldrarna finns för elevens progression samt ses behärskandet av språket som en grundläggande förutsättning för social delaktighet i skolan