LUTPub (LUT University)
Not a member yet
24632 research outputs found
Sort by
Markkinoiden keskittyneisyys ja sen vaikutukset osaketuottoihin Yhdysvaltain markkinoilla
No full textThe aim of this master's thesis was to investigate the concentration of the US stock market and its possible effects on stock returns. This was carried out by analyzing small- and large-cap portfolios, industry portfolios and the Magnificent 7 portfolio. The data consists of the average company size, aggregate market capitalization and average monthly returns of the portfolio firms.
Market concentration was analyzed on the basis of graphs that depicted the relative size in terms of the number of firms and relative market capitalization of the portfolios. The performance of the portfolios was analyzed using both the standard and skewness- and kurtosis-adjusted Sharpe ratios. Market concentration was found to have increased in recent years, especially in the high-tech industry and as a result of the expansive growth of the Magnificent 7 companies. At the same time, the risk-adjusted returns of the large-cap portfolios and the portfolio formed on the Magnificent 7 companies have enhanced.Tämän pro gradun tavoitteena oli tutkia Yhdysvaltojen osakemarkkinoiden keskittyneisyyttä ja sen mahdollisia vaikutuksia osaketuottoihin. Tämä toteutettiin analysoimalla small- ja large-cap –portfolioita, toimialaportfolioita sekä Magnificent 7 –portfoliota. Käytetty aineisto koostui portfolioissa olevien yritysten keskimääräisestä koosta, kokonaismarkkina-arvosta sekä keskimääräisistä kuukausittaisista tuotoista.
Markkinoiden keskittyneisyyttä tutkittiin graafeilla, jotka kuvasivat portfolioiden suhteellista kokoa sekä markkina-arvoa. Portfolioiden suoriutumista analysoitiin sekä perusmuotoisella että vinous- ja huipukkuuskorjatulla Sharpen indeksillä. Markkinoiden keskittyneisyyden havaittiin nousseen viime vuosien aikana erityisesti korkean teknologian sektoripainon sekä Magnificent 7 –yritysten markkina-arvon kasvun myötä. Samanaikaisesti suurten yritysten ja Magnificent 7 –yrityksistä muodostetun portfolion riskisuhteutetut tuotot ovat nousseet
Selluloosan tuotanto ruoantähteistä
No full textThis thesis studies the valorization of food residues into cellulose by studying the production processes, chemicals used and yields, as well as applications of food waste-derived cellulose. This thesis aims to give a comprehensive overview of recent studies by searching literature from the last 10 years. The findings of this thesis show that cellulose can be extracted from food residues with various processes, which usually consist of mechanical pretreatment and chemical treatment. The chemical treatment consists of acid treatment, alkali treatment and bleaching, though in some cases all three treatments are not necessary. Food waste-derived cellulose can be used in various applications, such as packaging, textiles, pharmaceuticals, adsorbents, pulp and paper, and cosmetics. Though, additional studies on business applications and cost-effectiveness of cellulose production from food residues, as well as more versatile chemicals, should be conducted.Tässä kandidaatintyössä tarkastellaan ruoantähteiden jalostamista selluloosaksi. Työssä tutkitaan erilaisia tuotantoprosesseja, niissä käytettyjä kemikaaleja, saantoja sekä sovelluksia, joissa ruoantähteistä tuotettua selluloosaa voidaan hyödyntää. Tämän työn tavoitteena on antaa kattava yleiskuva aiheesta tutkimuksista viimeisen kymmenen vuoden ajalta. Työn tulokset osoittavat, että selluloosaa voidaan erottaa ruoantähteistä useilla prosesseilla, jotka yleisimmin koostuvat happo- ja emäskäsittelystä sekä valkaisusta. Tosin joissain tapauksissa kaikkia kolmea käsittelyä ei tarvita. Ruoantähteistä tuotettua selluloosaa voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi pakkausmateriaaleissa, tekstiileissä, lääketieteessä, adsorbenteissa, paperin- ja selluntuotannossa sekä kosmetiikassa. Tosin ruoantähteistä tuotetun selluloosan kaupallisesta hyödyntämisestä ja kustannustehokkuudesta, sekä prosesseissa käytettävistä kemikaaleista tarvittaisiin vielä lisätutkimuksia
Metal powders as carbon dioxide-free energy carriers
No full textTässä työssä käsitellään metalleja hiilidioksidivapaina energian kantajina. Metalleista saadaan vapautettua energiaa hapettamalla ja metalleihin saa sidottua energiaa pelkistämällä. Työssä keskitytään tutkimuksiin ja tekniikoihin, joissa hapettajana toimii ilma tai vesi. Ilmalla poltettaessa syntyy vain metallioksideja ja lämpöä. Vedellä hapetettaessa syntyy vetyä, metallioksideja ja lämpöä. Työssä esitetään metallien käyttämisen toimintaperiaate ja perusteluja, miksi metallit voisi olla hyvä vaihtoehto. Työssä käydään läpi myös tutkimusten tuloksia ja tekniikoita aiheeseen liittyen.
Metalleilla on monia hyviä puolia, minkä myötä ne ovat lupaavia tulevaisuuden energian
kantajia. Osalla metalleista on suurempi energiatiheys kuin fossiilisilla polttoaineilla. Osa
metalleista on myös hyvin saatavilla maankuoresta. Useita metalleja voidaan pelkistää päästöttömästi. Metallit ovat useasti melko helposti käsiteltävissä.
Metallien polttamista on tutkittu eniten Eindhovenin yliopistossa ja sieltä lähteneissä yrityksissä, sekä McGill-yliopistossa. Nämä ovat keskittyneet eniten raudan polttamiseen ilmalla. Metallien polttamistekniikkaa on testattu teollisissa käyttökohteissa, mutta tekniikan saralla on vielä ongelmia. Nämä systeemit ovat vielä pienitehoisia ja yritysten tavoitteena onkin skaalata näitä eteenpäin. Metallien hapettamista vedellä on testattu vain laboratoriossa energian tai vedyn tuottoa varten. Metallien vihreitä pelkistystekniikoita kehitetään koko ajan ja osalla nämä tekniikat ovat lähes kaupallisessa käytössä ja osalla vielä laboratorio tai skaalaus vaiheessa.This thesis examines metals as carbon dioxide-free energy carriers. Energy can be released from metals through oxidation, and energy can be stored to metals through reduction. The focus of the work is on studies and techniques in which the oxidizing agents are air or water. Combustion with air produces only metal oxides and heat. When oxidized with water, hydrogen, metal oxides, and heat are generated. The thesis presents the operating principles of using metals as energy carriers and provides reasons why metals could be a viable option. The thesis reviews research results and techniques related to the subject.
Metals have numerous advantages, making them promising energy carriers for the future. Some metals have higher energy density than fossil fuels. Certain metals are also readily available in the Earth's crust. Many metals can be reduced without emissions. Metals are often relatively easy to handle.
The combustion of the metals has been most extensively at Eindhoven University and its associated enterprises, as well as at McGill University. These institutions have primarily
focused on the combustion of iron with air. Metal combustion technology has been tested
in industrial applications, but challenges still remain in this field. These systems are currently low power, and companies aim to scale them up. The oxidation of metals using water has only been tested in laboratories for energy or hydrogen production. Green reduction techniques for metals are continuously being developed, with some approaching commercial availability while others remain at laboratory or scaling phases
Corporate social responsibility in construction project management : the case of Propinto Pro Oy
Get PDFRakennushankkeita pidetään aikaa vievinä projekteina, jotka vaikuttavat merkittävästi sekä positiivisesti että negatiivisesti ympäröivään yhteiskuntaan taloudellisesti, sosiaalisesti ja ekologisesti.
Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, miten rakennushankkeiden eri osapuolet voivat vaikuttaa hankkeen vastuullisuuteen sekä, miten case yritys ottaa yritysvastuun eri osa-alueet huomioon rakennusalan projektien johtamisessa. Työ toteutettiin kirjallisuuskatsauksena, jossa perehdyttiin yritysvastuuseen ja rakennushankkeiden vastuullisuuteen, sekä empiirisenä tutkimuksena, jossa laadittiin kestävyysraportti case yrityksen yritysvastuusta rakennusalan projektien johtamisessa.
Aiempien tutkimusten pohjalta laadittiin yhteenveto, jossa tunnistettiin neljä keskeisintä ominaisuutta ja niihin eniten vaikuttavat osapuolet kestävän rakennushankkeen onnistumiseksi: kokonaisvaltainen TBL lähestymistapa, joihin voivat vaikuttaa eniten omistaja, tilaaja ja suunnittelijat, pitkän aikavälin arviointi, joihin voivat vaikuttaa eniten omistaja, tilaaja, suunnittelijat ja rakennuttaja sekä sidosryhmien hallinta ja eettisyys, joihin voivat vaikuttaa eniten tilaaja, rakennuttaja sekä pääurakoitsija. Kestävyysraportin perusteella case yritys edistää omalla toiminnallaan rakennushankkeiden vastuullisuutta mahdollisuuksien mukaan. Case yrityksen vahvuuksiin kuuluu nimenomaan sidosryhmien osallistaminen ja kehittäminen sekä eettiset toimintaperiaatteet
Utilization of digital twin in enhancing HSEQ management
Get PDFThis thesis aims to investigate the potential of DT technology in enhancing HSEQ management systems and the barriers that limit its widespread adoption and implementation within industries. Via the use of a narrative literature review, the study examines how DTs enable real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, dynamic simulations, efficiency, as well as compliance with regulations. The findings also show that integrating DTs with other innovative technologies like IoT also enhances workplace safety by detecting anomalies or improving indoor air quality.
However, technical challenges such as interoperability, high resource demands, and security concerns, alongside economic and organizational barriers such as high initial cost and cultural resistance are posing a risk for the broader implementation. With these issues present, this thesis identifies the need for standardized and regulatory frameworks, workforce upskilling as well as the necessity of pilot projects.
So, while digital twins offer HSEQ numerous benefits, their successful integration requires a lot of collaboration between different sectors; industries, policymakers, and developers. That way current limitations are addressed, and the possibility for long-term benefits like sustainability and operational efficiency are unlocked
Web-based student information management system
Get PDFWith the rapid growth in the number of educated individuals worldwide, traditional methods of student information management can no longer meet the demands of managing massive amounts of student data.
In order to improve the efficiency of student information management, this study designed a Web-based student information management system to meet the needs of digital management of student information. By adopting a development model with separated front-end and back-end, using Java Web technology for development, and combining with database to realize data storage and management, the system realizes batch import, export, query, modification and deletion of student information, and realizes functions such as permission management, data statistics, and operation log recording, which improves the security and scalability of the system and enhanced the practicality of student information management
Building supply chain resilience in the age of digitalization
Get PDFIn an era of rapid digital transformation and increasing sustainability pressures, global supply chains face unprecedented challenges in managing risks and building resilience. This dissertation explores how digitalization relates to organizations' ability to address these challenges by investigating its role in three key areas: procurement digitalization, technology service procurement, and mitigation of sustainability-related risks.
The findings demonstrate that procurement digitalization improves information processing capabilities, enabling more effective risk management and greater resilience in the face of supply chain disruptions. Technology service procurement introduces distinct risks, including over-dependence on service providers and failure to meet sustainability goals, which necessitate tailored strategies for managing operational risks and ensuring sustainability. Furthermore, the research uncovers mechanisms to address uncertainties in supply chain emissions reporting, highlighting the role of technologydriven information processing in mitigating sustainability risks and enhancing supply chain resilience.
The dissertation provides theoretical and practical insights into the evolving dynamics of modern supply chains. It emphasizes that while digitalization can increase supply chain resilience, it also introduces vulnerabilities that organizations must proactively manage. Addressing these risks requires a holistic approach that integrates information processing, collaborative supplier relationships, and sustainability-driven practices. Together, these findings offer insights for organizations on how to adapt to an era shaped by rapid technological advancement and escalating sustainability risks by adopting a more datadriven approach to managing risks and disruptions in supply chains.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest
Material selection, manufacturing plan, and joining technologies for a radar altimeter antenna
Get PDFThis study focuses on the material selection, manufacturing methods and connection methods of radar antenna, and uses three main methods: interview, literature research and simulation. First, six candidate materials were selected, and ten key performance factors were evaluated through ANSYS simulation and calculation, including gravity acceleration tolerance, thermal radiation adaptability, natural frequency, harmonic response characteristics, hydrogen corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, linear expansion coefficient, corrosion resistance, impedance matching ability and thermal fatigue resistance. Ti-6Al-4v annealed was finally determined as the optimal material based on the competition index calculation. Subsequently, the material was milling and drilled by MASTERCAM to optimize the manufacturing process to ensure machining accuracy and production efficiency. In addition, in the study of connection methods, ANSYS simulation is used to analyze different connection methods, and laser welding, diffusion welding and screw connection are finally selected as the optimal methods to improve structural stability, electromagnetic compatibility and long-term use reliability
DFMA driven manufacturing plan for a phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator
Get PDFThis thesis studies how Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA) and triangulation can improve the mechanical assembly of a phase-locked 8 GHz dielectric oscillator, that is utilized in advanced communication systems like radars and satellites. The devices dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) works by electromagnetic waves being introduced by an input signal, that are then confined within a cavity and are allowed to oscillate. A phase-locking circuit is used to achieve high phase noise minimization, which works by using a circuit to lock the signal generated by the DRO to a low phase noise frequency. The high phase noise minimization specifically makes the device suitable the application. The research provides a validated manufacturing plan together with a systematic material selection and DFMA analysis. The manufacturability and assembility is ensured by machining instructions communicated with ISO 2768-mK and Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) technical documentation. The primary function of the devices housing is to protect the electrical components within from electromagnetic interference, that would harm the resonant frequency. As the goal of the research is to provide a means to manufacture and to ensure the devices performance, the two metrics for measuring manufacturability and shielding capacity are determined to be conductivity (milli Siemens per meter) and hardness (Brinell hardness). The metrics are used in evaluating the material within the 6000 series for aluminium alloys, where aluminium alloy 6061 (AA-6061-T6) is typically used for the applications. Aluminium alloy 6101 (AA-6101-H111) is chosen as it has the most ideal combination of the two metrics. When milling, drilling and threading the aluminium housing unit, the total machining time is simulated to be 9 minutes and 25 seconds excluding tool changing times. An alternative manufacturing method consideration to the traditional milling and drilling used for the suggested alloy (AA-6101), is severe plastic deformation (SPD) additive manufacturing, which offered a strength increase of 2.5 higher than the established process. The research weighs the benefits of material choices and manufacturing methods to provide a highly manufacturable and high performing phase-locked dielectric resonator oscillator
Analysis of machine-learning algorithms for detection of cyber attacks in smart grid
Get PDFSmart grids are playing an essential role to digitalize power networks by enabling automation and data-driven methods. However, growing reliance on automation and data-driven decision-making makes these systems encounter various cyber threats, especially false data injection attacks (FDIA). These attacks can manipulate grid measurement data, leading to erroneous generation or distribution decisions and potentially causing large-scale outages. This study researches the application of machine learning algorithms in power networks, with a particular focus on FDIA. It evaluates various detection technologies, which include supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, which include their accuracy, speed, and scalability. This study also examines existing mitigation strategies and their integration with machine learning models to enable real-time response and recovery. The results highlight the strengths and limitations of each detection approach, underscoring the importance of combining machine learning with strong cybersecurity measures to protect smart grids. Finally, this study discusses research opportunities, which are improving detection systems in the future and improving the smart grid's ability to respond to evolving cyber threats