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Adapting the Town to a Diffusing Retail Interface
No full textRetail interface has been a significant generator of urban form in the past. The very existence of the town was often justified by market frontage, manifest in the street. The street as route has a significant place in the history of urban form. In this the street was the binding element of public realm, serving the line of frontage by which the private plot interacted with the public space of the town or city. Here the buyer expected to find the seller. Even when urban plots began to collect into blocks, the block edge still formed the primary front line between sale and purchase. The retail interface is however moving to require and define a very different urban form. The user now enters the city not via the street but via the parking lot. The retail plot no longer presents to the street. Both the shopper and the shop have uncoupled from the traditional urban fabric and re-positioned their relationship on assigned ground, or more recently on computer screen, unhindered by obligations to the heritage of the street. Although the street may be recalled in the shopping mall, it no longer collects and presents the frontage of the city. The readable understanding of the city by its user has thus changed. This paper, drawing from research on European urban settlements, documents some recent metamorphosis in the relationship between retail plot and public realm. The research methodology draws on cartographic regression, planning documentation, stakeholder interviews and settlement analysis, using a sample of 66 towns in Ireland. From its findings the paper concludes that the street, together with its support structure, is under significant relegation, with potential loss of purpose
Evolution of urban renewal and verticalization: The case of the Santiago Metropolitan Area between 1990 and 2019
No full textUrban renewal through verticalization in Santiago de Chile has been developed with guarantees from the State (subsidies, local deregulation or absent regulation). The main objective of this paper is to analyse the evolution of verticalization due to urban renewal processes in Santiago de Chile from 1990 to 2019. Based on the information on the building permits, a quantitative analysis is carried out of the evolution of high-rise housing construction considering three variables for the same study period: number of permits, the average number of floors and the number of apartments. The latter variable is contrasted with the existing housing stock and the quantitative housing deficit. To carry out this task, Santiago is divided into four large territories: centre, pericentre, high-income cone and peripheral. The analysis reveals a relocation of high-rise building permits, an increase and subsequent adjustment to the height and a more significant increase in the supply of high-rise housing in the pericentre. It is also observed that the production of high-rise housing has not been sufficient to end the housing deficit
Do We Always Need AI for Image Colorization?
No full textMonochrome image (re-)colorization is a problem where human
guidance is considered indispensable (even if AI is used). We challenge this
approach by presenting a method for converting grayscale images into credible
color counterparts with no priors provided/learned on image content,
semantics, etc. In contrast to our recent works (focusing on images from
non-visual domains) this paper discusses mainly colorization of real-world
images for which certain coloristic expectations exist. We argue (and show
on selected examples) that a simple technique combining non-deterministic
heuristics and randomized flood-fill can deliver colored outputs which are
visually convincing and (occasionally) similar to the ground-truth images
Landscape Approaches to Climate Change, Economics and Pandemics – Rethinking Calgary Parks and Open Space Systems
No full textParks and open spaces are planned and designed to respond to the needs, issues and demographics of their time, but may not be the ‘right’ spaces or systems to address new populations or concerns. The City of Calgary’s Climate Resilience Strategy focuses on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and taking actions to mitigate the impact of extreme weather events. It is quiet on the subject of parks and open space systems and the potential of the landscape to help in addressing climate change. An approach is proposed that could bring together the languages and methods of landscape ecology, urban morphology and urban design. A landscape architecture studio took on this topic and the approach, with the study area consisting of one quadrant of Calgary that was developed in the 1950s–1980s. The methods included mapping and analysis (historic evolution, natural environment, urban structure, socio-demographics and the public realm) and synthesizing them in order to identify issues and formulate proposals. New spatial organizations and morphologies along with better ways of planning and designing landscape systems could help address issues of climate change and lead to the development of a more responsive public realm. This approach could also help to re-frame the city image
Exploration design on public and open space along the city wall based on typo - morphological research
No full textThe city wall of Nanjing is not only related to the landscape and townscape as the unique monumental landmark and typological boundary but also an important activity place and open space for the residents’ daily life. Along the city wall in the inner south part of old Nanjing city, Hehuatang block has the richest architectural relics of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the most complete historical spatial layout and traditional house types. Taking Hehuatang as a case, this study aims to explore the design methods of public space and open space in the process of urban transition. Based on the methods of morphology and typology, this study sorts out the area structure, boundary, open space and architectural form through typological map information overlay and software simulation. The result has shown the regulation of transition in morphology which is responding to the change of households and lifestyles in time. It will provide a rational model for the organizational design of public space and open space in the urban regeneration of historical areas
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Znaczenie nanokompozytów funkcjonalnych dla zastosowań energetycznych i środowiskowych
No full textŹródło BIP (https://politechnikalodzka.bip.gov.pl/dyscyplina-nauki-chemiczne-dr-hab/277853_dyscyplina-nauki-chemiczne.html
An Investigation on the Use of Deep Generative Model in Urban Land Use Planning
No full textLand use planning is an important tool to ensure that the need of people can be met and the land resources can be used efficiently. It has even been suggested that land use planning is a key to sustainable development. On the other hand, there has been a recent trend to adopt the idea of deep generative models in the realm of design. Attempts have been made to investigate the feasibility to generate architectural design options by using deep generative models. It would also be of interest to extend this idea and examine how deep generative models could be adopted in urban planning tasks. In the current study, a computational workflow to adopt deep generative model for land use planning has been proposed. The land use in various tertiary planning units (TPUs) in Hong Kong was adopted as the training data. After the training process, hypothetical TPUs was fed into the model to generate options of land use planning for these planning units. Results from the current study should unfold a new dimension in the realm of land use planning, in the sense that the proposed workflow can generate options for planners for further planning development investigation
Loss Function Influence on Uncertainty Estimation for White Matter Lesions 3D Segmentation in a Shifted Domain Setting
No full textThe aim of this study is to address the problem of distributional
shift for white matter Multiple Sclerosis lesion segmentation models. The
impact of loss function on models performance and uncertainty estimation
is evaluated. The evaluation is performed on two in-domain and one out-ofdomain
dataset consisting of 3D FLAIR Magnetic Resonance images. Our
experiments show that application of segmentation losses (eg. Dice) translate
into reduced models robustness and poorer uncertainty estimation compared
with classification losses (eg. CE). The source code is publicly available