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‘Redevelopment’ from low-rise collective housing to free-market-driven towers: Neighborhood-scale urban morphology in Ulaanbaatar
No full textDue to the relatively short urbanization history of Ulaanbaatar, urban redevelopment projects are still rare; rather, most of the developments are taking place in the form of urban sprawl in the periphery and infill developments in built-up neighborhoods connected to the central infrastructure system. An evident example among these few redevelopment projects is the redevelopment of Nekhmeliin Shar, a residential neighborhood that was originally built for factory workers in 1956. During the post-socialist transition in the 1990s, the closure of factories and the economic downturn led to the loss of jobs and incomes and the deterioration of housing estates. Since the economy improved slightly in the 2010s, a housing estate redevelopment project has been launched in the neighborhood. As the project has been implemented over the last decade, it has led residents as well as professionals to reconsider the consequences of a redevelopment project. How do former and newly arrived residents adapt to the increasing density? How do stakeholders see the transformation? What methods could support the urban morphological research to study the impacts of neighborhood transformation?
This paper uses a multidisciplinary approach to answer all these questions; and discusses how the redevelopment process has changed the current housing estates in Ulaanbaatar as an example of the vertical urbanization trend in Asian cities. In addition, it highlights the key considerations in public and professionals ’views for the future. We used a wide range of data including maps, drawings, photographs, ethnographic interviews and a remote sensing dataset using satellite imageries collected from Google Earth Pro software for the urban morphological analysis. The key findings reveal that, under the guise of ‘redevelopment’ and ambiguity in planning, implementation and control systems, the free market-driven redevelopment projects reinforce not only density, but also more complexity in spatial organization and everyday life
Protracted Transition. Management of residential built heritage in the historic center of Rostov-on-Don, Russia
No full textIn urban development, residential heritage is a space for the challenging process of demarcation and negotiation
between public and private. The complexity increases when the relationship between the public and the individual changes
dramatically, and the evolution of rules defining this relationship is not complete. Since the USSR collapsed, large Russian
cities have transformed radically due to the privatization of land and real estate, commercialization of urban space, and the
increasing role of non-state actors in urban development. At the same time, most of these processes are not finalized. There
are ‘ownerless’ land plots, buildings, or infrastructures in a highly fragmented urban fabric and contradictions or gaps in the
legal framework related to responsibilities, obligations, and rights in the field of urban development. Based on the case of the
historic center of Rostov-on-Don in Russia, the paper examines how institutional transition influences the existing institutional
approaches to residential heritage use, management, and preservation. Our findings demonstrated the transitional context
largely determines the existing practices, and the local institutions cannot overcome the existing gaps and contradictions in
legislation, property rights definition, and management
Describing and prescribing. Transitional Morphologies in Rimini, Italy
No full textThe mutation of urban structures is inevitable as it reflects the regenerative processes of the city influenced by political, social and economic factors. This transformation must not be stemmed but guided. In the Italian historical centres, the approach aims not to preserve the ancient forms through restoration but to select and choose those that can remain active in a new context due to their intrinsic strength. To avoid indiscriminately planning a conservation programme, one of the possible solutions for regenerating historical structures is to provide an active role of each morphological category. The study presented here aims to formulate directive and implementation guidelines in the form of regulations for the historical centre of Rimini, Italy. The research question asks about the relationship between description and prescription. In this case, the descriptive part is based on the urban reading through a morpho-typological investigation with a diachronic and transitional approach. This method allows an understanding of the connection between the network of settlements and the territory and how the original arrangement has been transformed through innovations guided by new factors and settlement models. The analysis was carried out on five morpho-typologically clusters to demonstrate if it is possible to set up an operative matrix to define the knowledge base to reformulate and overcome the existing rules and codes
Powstawanie i zagospodarowanie w Polsce odpadów polistyrenowych, zwłaszcza styropianowych
No full textBrief Overview of Selected Research Directions and Applications of Process Mining in KRaKEn Research Group
No full textProcess mining allows for exploring processes using data from
event logs. By providing insights into how processes are actually executed,
rather than how they are supposed to be executed, process mining can be
used for optimizing business processes and improving organizational efficiency.
In this exploratory paper, we report on selected research threads related
to process mining carried out within KRaKEn Research Group at AGH
University of Science and Technology. We introduce a collection of initial
ideas that require further exploration. Our research threads are concerned
with the use of process mining techniques 1) for discovering processes from
unstructured data, specifically text from e-mails, 2) for explaining black-box
machine learning models, using process models as a global explanation, and
3) for analyzing data from different food industry systems to identify inefficiencies
and provide recommendations for improvement
Aaron Earned an Iron Urn: Speech-to-IPA Models Improve Diagnostic of Pronunciation
No full textLearning the proper pronunciation is one of the key aspects of foreign language acquisition. Assessment of the correctness of pronunciation requires the involvement of expert phoneticians and linguists, severely limiting the scalability of learning solutions. However, the recent adaptation of the Transformer architecture to the audio domain opens the way for automatic model-based assessment of pronunciation. In this paper, we present the pronunciation diagnostic tool developed at PUT and we experimentally evaluate the correlation between expert human assessment and automatic model assessment. By combining the Wav2Vec model and the IPA representation, we prove that pronunciation assessment can be performed automatically with high precision
Political, legal and administrative conditions for urban ecological tissue renewal: an investigation of a national wetland park in China
No full textThis paper explores the structural limits of state-led eco-tourism and calls for balancing ecological transformation and socioeconomic sustainability in China’s recent rhetoric of ecological civilization. Through the conceptual lens of political ecology, the paper examines the issues of environmental justice and ecological advancement confronting local communities and the indigenous population in the Xixi National Wetland Park development in Hangzhou. Based on policy and plan audits and interviews, the study reveals how territorial governance and market integration have impacted conservation approaches, property ownership changes, employment, displacement and resettlement in a capital-driven and politically centred ecotourism development. It advocates a balanced and integrated approach to natural resource conservation through multi-scalar and inclusive ecological governance at the local level
Development of new indexes of the ‘Generic City’ in the Baltic coastal city network
No full textThe concept of ‘Generic City’ is used in space syntax to model the levels of functioning of cities – interactions, flows, impacts of spatial, urban, and territorial structures and organisations. The traditionally associated indexes of ‘Choice’ and ‘Integration’ provide additional possibilities for comparison and classification of urban structures in a context where public policymaking requires more knowledge about cities in terms of connectivity, centrality, accessibility, etc. In this article, we extend the application of the ‘Generic City’ concept, originally designed for cities, to the coastal regions of the Baltic countries –Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New indexes are being experimented to highlight ‘foreground’ and ‘background’ networksand better reflect the local peculiarities of Baltic urban structures, whose evolution is dependent on political and economicfactors of the last decades. Their robustness is tested by Spearman and Pearson's correlations with human activity data.The results show that for a limited radius of 1 km, the ‘Betweenness’ and ‘Length’ indexes perform best in describingthe ‘background’ network. For an unlimited radius, the correlations with the ‘Network Quantity Penalized by Distance’ indexare robust to validate the ‘foreground’ network model. The results highlight the need to normalise the indexes to comparenetworks of different sizes
A Comparative Study on the Spatial Capacity of University Campuses in Guangdong Province
No full textIn an era of stock development, the objective is to propose strategies to adapt to the future spatial renewal and transformation of university campuses in urban areas of Guangdong to resolve the contradiction between the limited campus capacity and the annually increasing number of students. In this paper, eight universities in Guangdong are selected, and their spatial patterns and capacities are compared and analysed in terms of the theoretical concepts of urban morphology, extracting the planar layout, floor area, street space, and number of students and teachers of the eight universities, and comparing them with those of some other universities in China and with the index requirements in the relevant Chinese standards and regulations. The analysis indicates that the campuses in Guangdong have reached their maximum student and instructor population, construction density, and spatial capacity. The ensuing spatial expansion of the campus should prioritize stock development and internal spatial adjustment and optimization, with the teaching function taking precedence and a broader public service area supporting the talent cultivation program. In this manner, the concept of Guangdong-specific spatial rejuvenation of university campuses is discussed