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Swedish and Danish typo-morphology – The historical approaches and new conceptualizations for informing urban design
No full textNeighbourhood typologies can be used to inform city planning and urban design. This paper looks at historical approaches and new conceptualizations in Sweden and Denmark to discuss implication for urban design practices. There is a long typo-morphological tradition in Sweden, however in Denmark it is seldom used as a method of analysis. This paper starts with describing three historical Swedish typo-morphological approaches. The first is historic-architectural emphasizes architectural styles. The second focuses on classifying neighbourhood types by physical attributes. The third argues that the Swedish neighbourhood typology describes not only physical form but also social structure.
The Danish application of neighbourhood types is more generic and made with the purpose of comparing numeric data with urban planning tendencies. It considers three major morphological urban structures and uses them to make combinations, as most neighbourhoods are hybrids of types. This paper discusses differences between well-established Swedish neighbourhood typology versus the Danish generic typology and concludes with implication for urban design practices and designing Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs). Practicing architects and urban designers can apply morphological research and both detailed or generic local neighbourhood typologies can be very useful conceptualizations
Morphological Transformation of Historic City Center in Modernization based on Map Archive – Case Study of Hangzhou
No full textHistoric city center is the place that preserves cultural heritage, collective memory, and local identity of the city. While in the process of modernization, many of them have been remodeled and reshaped irrevocably under the impact of western culture, with reference to morphological structures. It is quite difficult to recognize the original spatial pattern at present, which brings difficulty to urban regeneration. As a guide to this process, historical map archive could provide key information about the city’s past appearance and its evolution process.
Aiming at the evolution of Hangzhou's old city from the late Qing dynasty to the early Republic of China (1840–1935), this research adopts historical map archive analysis assisted by interpretation from historical records, to display morphological transformation of historic city center in different epochs in detail. From a broader perspective, it focuses on the ‘phenomenon’ and ‘ideology’ in the modernization of Hangzhou, probing deeply into the mechanism of spatial change which remedies the blind area of event-oriented research in traditional modernization study. In the aspect of urban morphology, the paper embeds the method of diachronic study into the typological approach to investigate the evolution rules of different kinds of urban morphological elements in overall and regional scale. Findings in this research would reevaluate the impact of the early modernization of Hangzhou in terms of new morphological identities which would provide guidance or amendments for contemporary urban regeneration and heritage preservation
Research on the urban residential space fabric based on complex network analysis. Evidence from built-up urban area of Shanghai
No full textThe expansion of urban scale not only means the huge scale of residential population and built environment space, but also means the complexity of social network, which poses great challenges to urban governance. This research chooses the central built area of Shanghai as the research area, and focus on the 4454 residential quarters. Firstly, the paper classifies the residential area according to the residential type by identifying the residential quarters of each year based on satellite image data. Secondly, it reveals the distribution and evolution characteristics of residential quarters based on the year by year quantitative analysis of scale, type etc. Thirdly, the complex network scientific analysis method was employed to analyze the characteristics of residential space fabric from the aspects of degree distribution, network centrality and network community, to explore the characteristics and significance of the residential quarters as the network central node. It points that the community and centrality of the residential network can reflect the historical evolution of Shanghai housing. The conclusions of the research have important theoretical significance for the re-understanding of residential space fabric, the site selection planning and design at meso scale level in metropolis
The effects of supergrids and superblocks on the transformation of the historic urban fabric of Kashan city in Iran
No full textBuilding a broad network of wide and long routes in the center of ancient cities inspired the most significant modernization efforts in Iranian cities between 1925 and 1941. This method transformed the urban grid and destroyed historic urban areas; however, it helped transportation tremendously. A city's supergrid is a notion that is superimposed on an existing city structure, triggering a transformation process that results in a complete reorganization of the city's layout, as Moudon stated in 2019. Regular and semi-regular grid patterns and the superimposed modern supergrids have emerged as the dominating pattern of expansion, enclosing the ancient city's organic form inside the confined and transformed historic core. This research's primary methodology is based on the Italian approach of urban morphology, which is focused on the idea that a city's history is written within its built urban fabric. My investigation began by reading the most recent superimposed layers in contemporary time and progressing backward by deleting them in each phase of city formation until I reached the city's origins before the Islamic period. Kashan's morphological cadastral cartographies reveal the city's most recent footprints. The strategy has been implemented by cutting procedures, which superimposed new grids and levels on the medieval town's topography and architecture. The historical aggregate's architectural structure may still be observed inside the modern network. This study examines how the new supergrid axes have changed the behavior of the built fabric on both sides of the route margins
A Review on Dynamic Conservation of Ancient Cities from the Perspective of Urban Morphology
No full textThe protection of ancient cities has changed from static security to dynamic protection, focusing on predicting the future based on the past and seeking a sustainable development path. Practice needs innovative guiding principles, tools and methods. The study reviewed 57 papers on the dynamic conservation of ancient cities from 2012 to 2022. This paper expounds on understanding the dynamic conservation of ancient cities through the innovation lens of urban morphology, focusing on the analysis of dynamic concepts, innovative ideas, tools, methods and specific strategies, as well as the logical relationships hidden behind the dynamics. It is worth noting that the block scale can help to establish a more evident morphological classification index, which is helpful to put forward targeted dynamic conservation guidance and suggestions. The research results will help improve the cognition of dynamic conservation of heritage, laying the foundation for establishing a systematic theoretical system of dynamic conservation of heritage. It can also provide a basis for exploring strategies to balance heritage conservation and development and offer a new perspective for the future development of urban morphology
Think outside the box. Towards new transient morphologies: The case of post - emergency housing
No full textThis paper explores the theme of the early recovery following catastrophic seismic phenomena in relation to the reconstruction, this in order to demonstrate the possible role of architectural design and urban morphology. Particularly, the study focuses on housing provision, for which the Civil Protection Department is responsible in Italy. Following a comparative analysis of international case studies, Italian case studies and settlements built during both earthquakes of 2009 (L’Aquila) and 2016 (Central Italy), the advanced proposal of an ‘open, open-source, minor and time-varying processual project’ is the theoretical background on which the developed design prototype is rooted. The architectural design is here intended, on the one hand, as enabler for transient urban forms and, on the other, as a research tool within a simulation phase developed to highlight the need for a time-based design. The ‘box effect’ is highlighted as the most sensitive design feature of these housing projects. The relationship between the individual unit and the urban system is brought into focus. To avoid the risk of post-earthquake reconstruction, it is therefore stated as necessary to ‘think outside the box’
Statics, Dynamics and Stability or Sturctures. Vol. 7, Future of Thin-Walled Structures Analysis
No full textProjekt okładki: Leszek CzechowskiSkład tekstu: Leszek CzechowskiRedaktor Naukowy Wydziału Mechanicznego: Tomasz Kapitania
Simulation of the Quantum Heat Engine in the Quantum Register
No full textThis paper investigates whether a quantum computer can efficiently
simulate the transfer of excitation between a pair of quantum systems
with energy loss caused by photon or phonon emission. The main contribution
of our work is an algorithm that enables the simulation of time evolution
of such a system, implemented on a standard two-input gates. The paper
examines the properties of the proposed algorithm and then compares the
obtained results with theoretical predictions
