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TOD-Led Urban Evolution: An Analysis of the Renewal Strategy of London King's Cross
No full textThe London King’s Cross Regeneration Program provides a sample of urban renewal. This paper reviews the development of the King’s Cross and analyzes the characteristics of its different renewal stages. From the perspective of urban evolution, it attempts to summarize the methods of urban renewal guided by TOD (Transit Oriented Development) from the aspects of resource reorganization, spatial catalyst, slow travel value, compound business forms and interest coordination and expounds on the significance of TOD for urban stock renewal
From Land-Use Planning to Mixed-Use Configuration. Similarities and Differences in two Urban Fragments of Barcelona Metropolis
No full textThe city of zoning, inspired by the principles of the Charter of Athens, soon generated some rejection in the urban debate of the second half of the twentieth century. Since then, it has been an increasing awareness of the need for the mixed-use urban composition to remediate the inherited monofunctional areas, looking for more sustainable and more efficient metropolises. Thus, contemporary urban planning and design must provide empirical and objective approaches to the different variables that characterize the city and its fragments. This paper presents a 3-year funded research project linking mixticity and proximity with the aim to understand some of the clues on the mixed-use configuration in compact urban areas. Taking Barcelona as case study, the complex relationship between density, topology and accessibility is explored through an analysis that mixes GIS mapping and morphological drawings of small fragments of the city and its metropolitan area. A series of graphics on selected samples (around 25 hectares extension) depict novel views of the districts and emphasizes differences and similarities among the urban fabrics of the compact city, evaluating the concentration and intensity of different services and programs, looking for new tools for the assessment and promotion of the mixticity in cities
The spatial resilience of the community’s commercial vitality: Comparative study on spatial renovation of Beijing Hutong district before and after
No full textBased on Baidu Street View time machine and field survey data, this paper analyses the changes of community businesses before and after spatial renovation in Hutong district, which covers an area of 7 square kilometres in central Beijing from 2015 to 2020, and uses space syntax model to analyse the distribution rules and trend of changes. The results show that although the total amount of business in the community and the commercial location of each subdivision of business community have a sharp fluctuation, in essence, the location of commercial agglomeration and distribution in the community is very stable before and after renovation, and has a high correlation with the standardized Angle choice parameter of 1000m radius. In addition, after renovation, the correlation between community commercial distribution and population density, urban commercial density, public transportation convenience and other three parameters is improved, reflecting the spatial resilience brought by spatial connection behind the functional change
Suggestion of the necessity of urban redevelopment combining cooperative planning theory and urban form characteristic analysis
No full textCities that have been created for thousands of years have different characteristics depending on the culture, environment, and race of each city. It is impossible to control such complex and diverse cities with a single rule or framework. Nor can there be any supreme rules for a good city. Therefore, it can be said that it is most important to clearly understand the characteristics of each city and to make a plan that emphasizes the strengths but complements the weaknesses.
The ultimate goal of urban redevelopment is to improve the functions of the city, provide a better environment, and improve the quality of life of city residents. Therefore, a more practical and active approach that reflects the characteristics of the city and combines social and physical approaches is needed
A comparative analysis of European and British cosmetic products legislation
No full textDue to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union (EU), cosmetic products made available in this country are no longer subject to European legislation, but to British cosmetics law. The exit process (Brexit) was a rather chaotic event with not fully known consequences. The legal changes brought about by Brexit are difficult to understand for many cosmetic companies. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare and demonstrate the legal differences between European and British cosmetic law, resulting from the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU. The main differences concern the issues related to the responsible person, notification, documentation and labelling of the cosmetic product
Are Quantified Boolean Formulas Hard for Reason-Able Embeddings?
No full textWe aim to establish theoretical boundaries for the applicability
of reason-able embeddings, a recently proposed method employing a transferable
neural reasoner to shape a latent space of knowledge graph embeddings.
Since reason-able embeddings rely on the ALC description logic, we
construct a dataset of the hardest concepts in ALC by translating quantified
boolean formulas (QBF) from QBFLIB, a benchmark for QBF solvers.
We experimentally show the dataset is hard for a symbolic reasoner FaCT++,
and analyze the results of reasoning with reason-able embeddings, concluding
that the dataset is too hard for them
Optimized Mutation Operator in Evolutionary Approach to Stackelberg Security Games
No full textIn this paper, we introduce several mutation modifications in Evolutionary
Algorithm for finding Strong Stackelberg Equilibrium in sequential
Security Games. The mutation operator used in the state-of-the-art evolutionary
method is extended with several greedy optimization techniques.
Proposed mutation operators are comprehensively tested on three types of
games with different characteristics (in total over 300 test games). The experimental
results show that application of some of the proposed mutations
yields Defender’s strategies with higher payoffs. A trade-off between the
results quality and the computation time is also discussed