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Silny słabszy. Czyli o różnicach, które mogą łączyć osoby z niepełnosprawnościami. Co z tego wynika?
No full textOtwarta kultura organizacyjna przedsiębiorstw w erze Przemysłu 4.0
No full textŹródło BIP: (https://politechnikalodzka.bip.gov.pl/dyscyplina-nauki-o-zarzadzaniu-i-jakosci-dr-hab/277908_dyscyplina-nauki-o-zarzadzaniu-i-jakosci.html
Rozwój metod selekcji wszystkich istotnych cech w systemach decyzyjnych, wybrane aspekty i zastosowania
No full textŹródło BIP: (https://politechnikalodzka.bip.gov.pl/dyscyplina-informatyka-techniczna-i-telekomunikacja-dr-hab/277876_dyscyplina-informatyka-techniczna-i-telekomunikacja.html
Personalizacja w projektowaniu nowych struktur wyrobów odzieżowych przy wykorzystaniu przetwarzania cyfrowego danych
No full textŹródło BIP: (https://politechnikalodzka.bip.gov.pl/dyscyplina-inzynieria-materialowa-dr-hab/277847_dyscyplina-inzynieria-materialowa.html
Agregowanie danych za pomocą pseudomiary
No full textŹródło BIP: (https://politechnikalodzka.bip.gov.pl/dyscyplina-matematyka-dr-hab/277883_dyscyplina-matematyka.html
Wet torrefaction of biomass waste into value-added liquid product (5-HMF) and high quality solid fuel (hydrochar) in a nitrogen atmosphere
No full textAppendix A. Supplementary data: https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0960148124005159-mmc1.docxWet torrefaction (WT) offers distinct advantages over other pretreatment methods for producing hydrochar, making it also a promising technology for converting biomass waste into value-added platform chemicals. In this research, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the influence of reaction conditions on the WT process, evaluating its effects on the surface morphology and elemental composition of the resulting hydrochar, as well as on the formation of value-added liquid products, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). During the course of our study, we utilized wood cellulose pulp residue (WCPR) as the feedstock and subjected it to WT in a nitrogen atmosphere. This process encompassed a temperature range of 180–260 °C, H2O/WCPR ratios ranging from 10 to 25, and reaction durations spanning from 15 to 60 min. Our findings unequivocally revealed that the reaction conditions during the WT of WCPR significantly influence the properties of the resulting hydrochar and the distribution of liquid products. Elemental and proximate analyses showed that as the reaction temperature and time increased during the WT of WCPR, the hydrochar composition experienced significant changes, including an increase in carbon content and a reduction in oxygen content. At the same time, the distribution of the liquid product revealed that 220 °C was the optimal temperature for producing 5-HMF, achieving an impressive selectivity of 73.3 % without the need for a catalyst. In summary, our research has established the optimal conditions for WT of WCPR as follows: a temperature of 220 °C, a reaction time of 30 min, and an H2O/WCPR ratio of 10. Various properties of the obtained hydrochar were thoroughly assessed, including the higher heating value (HHV), decarbonization, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation, enhancement factor, surface area, pore diameter, as well as solid, carbon, hydrogen, and energy yields. The highest carbon content, reaching 68.3 %, was achieved at 260 °C after 30 min of treatment, resulting in an HHV of 27,340 kJ/kg and an enhancement factor of 1.43. Finally, we have proposed a comprehensive reaction pathway to elucidate the WT of WCPR under these optimized conditions.The authors acknowledge financial support from CARBIOW (Carbon Negative Biofuels from Organic Waste) Research and Innovation Action funded by the European Commission under the Horizon Europe Programme with grant agreement ID: 101084443.
The authors are also thankful to BioTrainValue (BIOmass Valorisation via Superheated Steam Torrefaction, Pyrolisis, Gasification Amplified by Multidisciplinary Researchers TRAINining for Multiple Energy and Products' Added VALUEs), with project number: 101086411 (Horizon Europe, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Staff Exchange)
Catalytic wet torrefaction of biomass waste into bio-ethanol, levulinic acid, and high quality solid fuel
No full textSupplementary data to this article can be found online at https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1385894724012646-mmc1.docxCreating a sustainable society hinges on efficient chemical and fuel production from renewable cellulosic biomass, necessitating the development of innovative transformation routes from cellulose. In this investigation, we unveil a pioneering chemocatalytic method, utilizing an H-ZSM-5 catalyst within a batch reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere, for the simultaneous one-pot generation of levulinic acid (LA) and/or ethanol during wet torrefaction (WT) of wood cellulose pulp residue (WCPR), yielding high-quality solid fuel. WT parameters include a temperature range of 180 to 260 °C, H2O/WCPR = 10, and reaction durations of 15 to 60 min. Optimal conditions for bio-ethanol production are identified at 180 °C and 15 min, achieving an outstanding 89.8 % selectivity with H-ZSM-5 catalyst. Notably, 69.5 % LA formation occurs at 240 °C after 60 min. Hydrochar assessments include higher heating values (HHVs), decarbonization (DC), dehydrogenation (DH), deoxygenation (DO), enhancement factor, carbon enrichment, surface area, pore diameter, weight loss, and yields of solid, carbon, hydrogen, and energy. The highest carbon content of 76.7 % is attained at 260 °C for 60 min, resulting in an HHV of 29.0 MJ/kg, an enhancement factor of 1.44, and carbon enrichment of 1.59, with a sequence of element removal as DO > DH > DC. A proposed reaction pathway elucidates WT of WCPR with the H-ZSM-5 catalyst, emphasizing the direct cellulose conversion into hydroxyacetone and subsequent ethanol generation through C–C cleavage of hydroxyacetone. Through this research approach, both ethanol and LA can be produced efficiently from renewable cellulosic biomass, offering a novel pathway to reduce dependence on fossil resources.The authors express their gratitude for the financial support provided by CARBIOW (Carbon Negative Biofuels from Organic Waste) Research and Innovation Action, which is funded by the European Commission and the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA) under the Horizon Europe Programme, under grant agreement ID: 101084443. Additionally, they acknowledge the support received from BioTrainValue (BIOmass Valorisation via Superheated Steam Torrefaction, Pyrolysis, Gasification Amplified by Multidisciplinary Researchers TRAINing for Multiple Energy and Products’ Added VALUEs), with project number: 101086411, funded under Horizon Europe's Maria Skłodowska-Curie Staff Exchange program.Received 5 December 2023, Revised 19 January 2024, Accepted 16 February 2024, Available online 18 February 2024, Version of Record 20 February 2024