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Att vara anhörig till en närstående med depression : en litteraturstudie
No full textAbstrakt Bakgrund: Anhörigas stöd till närstående med depression är viktig men stödet kan även innebära en stor belastning på grund av ansvaret att stödja den närstående. Med den ökande prevalensen av depression är det angeläget att utforska anhörigas upplevelser för att kunna förstå vilka stöd de kan behöva och bidra till en familjefokuserad omvårdnad. Syftet: Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att beskriva upplevelser av att vara anhörig till en närstående med diagnostiserad depression. Metod: En litteraturstudie tillämpades som metod för studien och analysarbetet utfördes i enlighet med integrerad analys. Åtta vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde grunden för resultatet och inhämtades genom sökningar i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Analysarbetet resulterade i tre kategorier såsom försämrad psykisk hälsa, kampen för att få ihop vardagslivet samt betungande och ensamt. Oro och stress var självklara upplevelser för anhöriga när depressionen genomsyrade familjelivet. Stora förändringar gjordes av anhöriga för att upprätthålla stabiliteten i familjen trots den otrygghet och osäkerhet de upplevde medan de vårdade en närstående med depression. Slutsats: Anhöriga till närstående med diagnosen depression löper själva en högre risk att utveckla psykiska besvär och även somatiska sjukdomar till följd av bland annat stress. Det är även viktigt att stödet till anhöriga från hälso- och sjukvården skall vara lättillgänglig och informativ om sjukdomen i fråga, hur det påverkar anhöriga och stöd till hur de ska hantera livet framöver.
Co-creating self-care : Experiences of self-care and usage of eHealth among older adults with chronic illness, informal carers, and healthcare professionals
No full textAim: To explore the co-creation of self-care and the use of eHealth among older adults with chronic illness, their informal carers, and healthcare professionals. Methods: This thesis employed various qualitative methods across four studies. Study I aimed to clarify the concept of “self-care monitoring” from a patient perspective through a concept analysis based on a systematic search of peer-reviewed articles from four databases. Study II aimed to describe patients’ and informal carers’ experiences of self-care management and the use of telemonitoring applications, using semi-structured telephone interviews analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Study III aimed to co-create and test a video feedback tool for self-care at home, using an experience-based co-design approach that facilitated collaboration between pairs of older adults, researchers, and service designers through three iterative steps: workshops, development and refinement, and usability testing. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, employing both inductive and deductive approaches. Study IV aimed to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences of motivating self-care, utilizing individual narrative interviews analyzed by a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach. Results: Study I clarified the concept of “self-care monitoring”, resulting in the definition: “Self-care monitoring is an activity that means a person has to pay attention and be confident and needs routines for tracking symptoms, signs, and action.” Study II described self-care management with telemonitoring at home, captured by the theme “Developing the capability to perform self-care with technology as both an intruder and an invited guest.” Telemonitoring supported skill acquisition and engagement with healthcare professionals but also introduced uncertainties in symptom interpretation and exclusion. Study III co-created and tested two new self-care exercises within the video feedback tool: “Breathing exercises” and “Picking up from the floor.” Older adults found the exercises and feedback valuable for learning, particularly in highlighting movement variability through performance comparison. Study IV described healthcare professionals’ experiences of motivating self-care, revealing “Co-creating sustainable self-care responsibilities” as the main theme, encompassing empowerment through mutuality, reassigning responsibility, and using oneself as a creative tool. Conclusion: This thesis highlights co-created self-care as a dynamic, empowering process shaped by collaboration, shared responsibility, and active engagement among older adults with chronic illness, informal carers, and healthcare professionals. Engagement in self-care strengthens through interactive approaches like peer support, video feedback, and telemonitoring, enhancing motivation, confidence, and adherence. Future research should focus on long-term engagement strategies and integrating eHealth into primary care to improve co-created self-care
The Politics of Compound Neologisms : A Novel Text-Mining Approach for Tracing Conceptual Transformations in Parliamentary Discourse
No full textThis paper highlights the underutilized analytical potential of compounds and neologisms as indicators of discursive change in text mining applications, particularly in the study of parliamentary discourse and conceptual transformation. Drawing on results from two research projects, this project-wide paper discusses how compound neologisms function as markers of discursive change through case studies focused on the formation, frequency, and productivity of compounds related to the key concepts of 'market' and 'terrorism' in the Swedish Parliament. The analysis combines distant reading techniques to identify large-scale trends and close reading to examine the specific contexts of these compounds. By focusing on compound formation, we emphasize the analytical potential of basic linguistic features often overlooked in Digital Humanities research, offering a fresh perspective on large parliamentary datasets and their role in tracing conceptual transformations over time
Acquitted of a crime, sentenced to psychiatric care and sterilised at SSS
No full textThis paper is a follow-up study about the patients that were coercively sterilised and discharged from Sankt Sigfrids’ psychiatric hospital in Växjö during the time period of 1945-1952. The study aims to investigate how the patients suffered from social deprivation in various ways using social deprivation- and gender theory. Furthermore, it focuses on the patients that were sentenced to forensic psychiatric care instead of prison in order to answer the question of whether or not there are any differences between the crimes that were committed by men or women, to demonstrate social norms. The results discuss how the patients’ crimes differed depending on whether they were male or female, and how the crimes themselves as well as the female sexuality affected how long the treatment lasted at the psychiatric hospital. Additionally, the various characteristics that point to social deprivation according to table nr. 3 are discussed, for example how the patients’ education could have looked like.
Socialtjänsten som kunskapande praktik : Exemplet individbaserad systematisk uppföljning i öppenvården för barn och familj
No full textThe overall aim of this licentiate thesis is to explore what individual-based systematic follow-up of interventions (ISF) in social services means as a knowledge-producing practice. Based on the premise that knowledge is created through processes of creation and re-creation in practice, the study analyzes how these processes are expressed within the ISF practice. Conducted as a case study, it examines ISF in two cases of non-institutional social services for children and families in two Swedish municipalities, using different models for ISF: LOKE (Local Evidence) and FIT (FeedbackInformed Treatment). Empirical material was collected through interviews, observations, and documents. The first article reveals how ISF results are transformed into knowledge when family therapists reflect on the significance of the results. Central to these reflections is the frequent relation of ISF results to the family therapists’ daily work, making the knowledge meaningful for them. The results also highlight the importance of facilitating opportunities for reflection within the ISF practice. The second article examines how ISF is used within and by the organizations. The results show a multifaceted use of both ISU results, and the knowledge derived from them, as well as the ISF models themselves. The results also indicate that the impact of knowledge is often “creeping” and occurs over time, integrating with other information, knowledge, and practical experiences during the process. The final discussion deepens the understanding of the results by relating them to three distinctive parts of the knowledge creation process: from data to information, from information to knowledge, and from knowledge to use. Each section concludes with thoughts on practical implementation. Here, the importance of organizationally creating favorable conditions for maintaining work methods, reflection, and knowledge use are highlighted. Additionally, it is suggested that there needs to be flexibility in ISF work methods to adapt to changes in what the organization perceives as relevant to follow up, in order to promote new knowledge
Eating Together but Often Feeling Lonely : Residents' Mealtime Experiences in a Nursing Home
No full textAim To explore residents' experiences of the mealtime environment in nursing home. Design An exploratory qualitative design was employed to gain in-depth insights. Methods Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted with residents at a nursing home. Data were analysed using thematic analysis as outlined by Braun and Clarke. The consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research checklist were used to support the research process. Results Four main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) The significance of food, emphasising the centrality of food quality and variety in residents' mealtime experiences. (2) Security through routines, illustrating how established mealtime routines provide comfort and predictability. (3) Variability in staff influence, reflecting residents' perceptions of staff competence and their impact on the dining experience. (4) Limited social interactions, highlighting the varied social dynamics and their effects on residents' sense of community and isolation. Conclusion The study underscores the critical importance of food quality, staff compliance and consistent routines in enhancing mealtime experiences in nursing homes. Additionally, it reveals that the ability to choose social interactions plays a significant role in residents' satisfaction and social well-being. Implication for Patient Care This study provides valuable insights for improving mealtime experiences in nursing homes, suggesting that person-centred care and resident involvement in meal planning can enhance satisfaction and nutritional intake. Impact The findings offer practical guidance for healthcare management, emphasising the need to prioritise and personalise mealtime environments to better meet residents' needs and preferences
Det cybersäkra Skandinavien : En komparativ innehållsanalys av Sveriges, Norges och Danmarks cybersäkerhetsstrategier
No full textSociety's digital dependence increases each time a service is digitalised. Today, storing assets and information online is standard procedure, thus creating an effective, but vulnerable, system. The protection of these digital systems is called cybersecurity, and as cyberattacks become matters of national security, strategies are created. Sweden, Denmark, and Norway are three highly digitalized countries, and therefore in need of effective cybersecurity. To ensure this, the Scandinavian countries have each developed a national cybersecurity strategy. This qualitative study aims to distinguish similarities and differences between the Scandinavian strategies and identify shortcomings in the strategies' conditions for implementation, as well as testing traditional theory of strategy on the constantly changing cyber domain. The theory this study is based on – while simultaneously being tested – is an analytical framework based on the theorization of security strategies into four components – ends, means, ways, and context – constituting the categories created in line with qualitative content analysis. The results show more similarities than differences between the strategies, as well as several shortcomings regarding coherence and limited assertions of resources. The study argues that by expanding the conceptual understanding of certain key terms within the cyber domain, traditional strategic theory can effectively be applied to cybersecurity strategies
ALS- En livsvärld i förändring : En kvalitativ litteraturstudie baserat på självbiografier
No full textBakgrund: Amyotrofisk lateralskleros (ALS) är en neurodegenerativ sjukdom som påverkar motoriska nervceller och leder till muskelsvaghet, tal- och sväljsvårigheter samt fysiska och psykiska försvagningar. Att få sjukdomsbeskedet innebär ofta en chock som väcker starka känslor av sorg, rädsla och ovisshet för patienten. Detta gör att stöd och information från sjukvården är avgörande. Det finns i dagsläget inget bot mot sjukdomen, vården fokuserar till största del på symtomlindring och palliativ vård. Vanliga symtom kan vara dysfagi (sväljsvårigheter), atrofi (förtvining), dysartri (talsvårigheter), sömnsvårigheter och ångest. Behandlingar som till exempel ventilatorbehandling eller läkemedlet Riluzol kan lindra symtom och öka patienternas välbefinnande och livskvalitet. Sjuksköterskan spelar en central roll genom att ge stöd till både patienter och anhöriga under hela sjukdomsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med Amyotrofisk Lateralskleros (ALS). Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats som är baserad på fem självbiografier. I studien användes en manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet identifierades två huvudkategorier: fysisk och psykisk påverkan samt livskvalitet och sociala aspekter. Dessa huvudkategorier skapade tillsammans sex underkategorier. Slutsats: Studien belyser hur ALS påverkar patienter fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. För att förbättra livskvaliteten är det viktigt att vården inte endast fokuserar på de fysiska delarna utan lägger lika mycket vikt i de känslomässiga och psykiska aspekterna. Det gör att patienterna får det stöd de är i behov av från anhöriga och vården och de kan lättare anpassa sig till sin situation.
Single-molecule biochemical characterization of human β-cardiac myosin purified from non-virally transfected C2C12 cells
No full textMyosin II is a molecular motor that primarily functions in muscle contraction where it generates force and motion through cyclic interaction with actin filaments, driven by ATP turnover. Gaining mechanistic insights into actomyosin energy transduction is essential, particularly in the context of mutations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic condition linked to altered cardiac function. The current approach for studying mutations in the myosin motor domain relies on protein expression in C2C12 cells using an adenovirus-based transfection system. However, this method is constrained by slow turnaround time and labor-intensive protocols. This thesis presents a virus-free transfection method to express human β-cardiac myosin subfragment-1 (denoted as S1L) in C2C12 cells using commercially available chemical reagents – JetPrime and GenJet. The purified S1L proteins exhibited actin-activated ATPase and sliding velocities (using in vitro motility assay) were comparable to those obtained using the virus-based system. Our new alternative method provides a faster and less complex approach for screening a wide range of HCM mutations. Furthermore, a highly miniaturized single-molecule ATPase assay was developed to leverage the advantage of the virus-free expression system. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF), fluorescent ATP turnover rate constants for myosin were determined for both basal and actin-activated conditions. The latter was obtained by crosslinking S1L proteins to surface-immobilized actin filaments via EDC (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride) crosslinker. The observed turnover rates were consistent with those obtained from solution-based kinetic assays. By integrating the virus-free expression system with the single-molecule ATPase assay, several S1L point mutations, including R243E, R243E+E466R, R243C, and R243H were biochemically characterized alongside the classical HCM mutations R403Q and R453C. The R243 mutants are of particular interest, as this residue plays an important role in the secondary Pi binding site and may influence the multistep process of inorganic phosphate release. Initial findings suggest that the R243C mutation could serve as a promising model for investigating orthophosphate release, potentially offering deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying HCM pathogenesis
Ontological Security and Western Media : A comparative Study of Framing in Ukraine and Gaza
No full textMedia largely influences how the world is viewed (Entman, 1993). That includes the current conflicts and wars. With the help of Framing theory, this study analyses how Western media (BBC, CNN, Deutsche Welle (DW) and Euronews, frame the conflict in Ukraine and Gaza. Furthermore, how these impact individuals ontological security. Framing Theory is commonly used in media research, however its connection to ontological security is missing, and specifically to the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza. Therefore, this research gap is what the study aims to narrow. This comparative media analysis has a qualitative approach and uses 40 different articles from four different Western media news outlets for the Ukraine and Gaza conflict. The findings conclude some difference could be identified in how Western media write about the Ukraine conflict compared to the conflict in Gaza. While the conflict in Ukraine was often framed as a threat to Ukraines independence and stability which could reinforce anxieties about the future global order and national identity. Conversely, the Gaza conflict focused more on humanitarian crises and civilian suffering, this might result in unpredictability for individuals, therefore affecting their ontological security. Considering these media's wide reach of the public globally, we suggest that the long term effects of framing by the media on individuals ontological security should be further studied.