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Suivi odonates - Bilan de campagne 2025 sur cinq marais doux agricoles du littoral atlantique
No full textThe monitoring of odonates in the Atlantic coastal agricultural freshwater marshes, conducted as part of the MAVI Tetrae project (Maintenir les marais vivants face au changement climatique), aims to gather knowledge on the impact of water management on fauna and flora. In the second year of monitoring, 21 species of odonates were recorded across five agricultural freshwater marshes, with a predominance of the Elegant Damselfly (Ischnura elegans). Two new species were observed : the Lesser emperor (Anax parthenope) and the Common blue damselfly (Enallagma cyathigerum). This data collection represents the second year of a three-year monitoring program, with the objective of tracking biodiversity changes and gaining a better understanding of the effects of management practices on ecosystems.Le suivi des odonates dans les marais doux agricoles littoraux atlantiques, réalisé dans le cadre du projet MAVI Tetrae (Maintenir les marais vivants face au changement climatique), vise à mieux comprendre l’impact de la gestion de l’eau sur la faune et la flore. Lors de cette deuxième année, 21 espèces d’odonates ont été recensées sur cinq marais doux agricoles, avec une prédominance de l’Ischnure élégante (Ischnura elegans). Deux nouvelles espèces ont été observées : l’Anax napolitain (Anax parthenope) et le Portecoupe holarctique (Enallagma cyathigerum). Cette collecte de données constitue la deuxième année d’un suivi triennal, destiné à suivre l’évolution de la biodiversité et à mieux appréhender les effets des pratiques de gestion sur ces écosystèmes
A POP ⋆ is Born: Formal Predictable Out-of-Order Processor Model
No full textModern processors, even at the mid-range level, include multi-level caches, pipelines with branch predictors, or Out-of-Order (OoO) execution. While these are essential for average-case performance, they also increase the complexity of worst-case execution time analysis. OoO execution, for instance, is prone to timing anomalies and, due to the lack of efficient abstractions, quickly leads to state-space explosion. Consequently, it remains highly challenging in the context of critical real-time systems.This work proposes the first generic approach to predictable OoO execution, which is formally modeled and proven in the F* language and experimentally evaluated through simulations in gem5. Performance is evaluated on different processor models for MiBench and Embench programs. The average slowdown for an ARM A710-like processor model amounts to about 18.3% due to an implementation particularity of gem5. Eliminating bias from this issue reduces the slowdown to only 8.8%-10.4%
Droit international et justice climatique in Bulletin annuel 2026 du Haut Conseil Breton pour le ClimatChangement climatique et société : comprendre, agir, transformer ?
No full textJëfandikoo model ngir seetlu tukki yi ñeel nappum Senegal bu artisanal bi
No full textThe North-West African coast is enriched by the Canary current, which sustain a very produc- tive marine ecosystem. The Senegalese artisanal fishing fleet, the largest in West Africa, ben- efit from this particularly productive ecosystem. It has survived the ages with remarkable adaptability, and has great flexibility allowing it to react quickly to changes, in particular by changing fishing gear and performing migrations. However, since the 1980s, the increasing fishing effort led to a progressive fish depletion, increasing fisher’s migration distances to access new fishing grounds. Since 2007 many fishers even started to navigate to Canary archi- pelago in order to find a more lucrative job in Europe, carrying candidate to emigration in their canoes. This phenomenon further increased since 2022 due to a new drop in fishery yields, consecutive to the development of fishmeal factories along the coast that amplified overfishing. Climate change may also impact fish habitat, and by consequence the distribution of fishing grounds. The question addressed in this research was how climate change, fishing effort and socio-economic parameters interact and determine the artisanal fishery dynamics. An interdisciplinary approach allowed us to collect data and qualitative information on cli- mate, fishing effort and socio-economic parameters. This served as a basis to build a multi- agent model of the mobility of Senegalese artisanal fishing. We implemented a first version of the model and presented some preliminary simulations with contrasted fishing effort and climate scenario. The results suggested that first, climate change should have only a slight impact on artisanal fishing, even in the most extreme climate scenario considered. Second, if fishing effort was maintained at current levels, we found a collapse of the fishery with massive fishers migrations whatever the climate scenario. Third, with reduced fishing effort, a sustain- able fishery equilibrium emerges in which Senegal's artisanal fishery catches ~250,000 tons of fish a year mostly in Senegal, approaching the 2000s catches records. This sustainable equi- librium maintained with the two-climate change scenario tested. Fishers migrations provide clues of the fish populations state and have implications for the sustainable exploitation of fishing resources. Senegalese artisanal fishers’ migrations impact the regional distribution of the fishing effort, therefore must be taken into account in regional development and planning policies for this sector, particularly in a context of increasing infrastructure and spatial man- agement measures (e.g. marine protected areas). This work lays the foundations of a computer simulation tool for decision support.La flotte de pêche artisanale sénégalaise, composée de près de 20 000 pirogues, est la plus importante d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Elle a traversé les époques avec une remarquable adaptabilité, et possède une grande souplesse lui permettant de réagir rapidement aux changements, notamment par le changement des engins de pêche et par la mobilité à l’échelle sous régionale. Les dynamiques d’auto-organisation de ce secteur ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études qui visent à soutenir la cogestion. La mobilité de l’effort de pêche a des implications sur l’exploitation durable des ressources halieutique, et est donc un aspect à prendre en compte dans les politiques de développement et d’aménagement de ce secteur, notamment dans un contexte de multiplication des infrastructures et des mesures de gestions spatiales (e.g. aires marines protégées). Ici nous proposons une description détaillée d’un modèle multi-agent de la mobilité de la pêche artisanale sénégalaise. Nous tentons de positionner le modèle à un niveau de complexité intermédiaire, en synthétisant les éléments présents dans la littérature pour décrire une image simplifiée de la flotte de pêche artisanale. Ce travail jette ainsi les bases d’un outil informatique de simulation pour l’aide à la décision. Nous avons mis en œuvre une première version du modèle et présenté quelques simulations préliminaires avec des scénarios contrastés en matière d'effort de pêche et de climat. Les résultats suggèrent un impact modéré du changement climatique ne devrait avoir qu'un impact limité sur la pêche artisanale, du fait de la forte mobilité de celle-ci. Deuxièmement, si l'effort de pêche était maintenu à son niveau actuel, le modèle suggère un effondrement de la pêche accompagné d'une migration massive des pêcheurs, quel que soit le scénario climatique. Troisièmement, avec un effort de pêche réduit, un équilibre durable de la pêche émerge du model, dans lequel la pêche artisanale sénégalaise capture environ 250 000 tonnes de poissons par an, principalement au Sénégal, ce qui se rapproche des niveaux de captures des années 2000. Cet équilibre durable se maintient avec les deux scénarios de changement climatique testés. Les migrations des pêcheurs fournissent des indices sur l'état des populations de poissons et impactent la répartition régionale de l'effort de pêche. Ces migrations devraient donc être prises en compte dans les politiques régionales de développement et de planification de ce secteur, en particulier dans un contexte de renforcement des infrastructures et des mesures de gestion spatiale (par exemple, les aires marines protégées). Ce travail jette les bases d'un outil de simulation informatique pour l'aide à la décision
Precision Oncology: Targeting Genomic Alterations and Cancer Signaling with Integrative Multi-Omics, Deep Learning and Network Biology in Medical Oncology
No full textPictures and other related data have been taken from sources freely available for reuse or permission for the same can be obtained upon request. Picture no. 1 and 3 has been added to the text with permission from Elsevier. (Order No. 5521991271884, dated 4th April 2023). 89 Pages, 3 figures and 2 tables.Cancer is a complex genetic disease involving uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, and necessitates effective targeting of dysregulated cellular pathways underlying cancer progression. Multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations characterize tumor progression and define hallmarks of cancer. Importantly, patients with the same cancer type respond differently to available cancer treatments, likely due to tumor-specific DNA, RNA, and proteins, indicating the need for patient-specific treatment options. Precision oncology has evolved as a form of cancer therapy that is focused on genetic and molecular profiling of tumors to identify specific molecular alterations involved in carcinogenesis for tailored individualized cancer treatment. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled gene expression profiling, providing multiomics data for detailed molecular characterization of various tumors. Integration and analysis of various multiomic sequencing data are crucial in this regard, as they can reveal critical molecular changes, such as cancer-driving mutations,post-translational modifications, gene fusions, amplifications, and alterations in signaling networks within tumors. Furthermore, the role of computational techniques such as artificial intelligence and deep learning, in analyzing complex data and identifying patterns of disease development for better outcomes is now well established in precision medicine. Additionally, AI-powered multi-omics and network biology have been harnessed to integrate and analyze biological data through networks, which may prove crucial in solvingkey problems facing precision oncology. This article aims to briefly explain the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology in the context of cutting-edge developments in tools and techniques associated with it, and try to assess its scope and importance in achieving the intended goals
Climate finance for adaptation
No full textClimate finance distinguishes between mitigating global warming and adapting economies to this warming. Only mitigation contributes to the preservation of a global public good (GPG : a resource, good or service that benefits everyone, whose exploitation or preservation may justify international collective action; in this case, maintaining temperatures at a level favourable to human life). Adaptation, on the other hand, is the correction of negative externalities (an activity that generates negative costs that are borne not by the individual or legal entity that generates/creates the activity but by the entire community affected by these negative consequences) due to rising temperatures; in other words, the inadequacy of mitigation policy. The negative effects of climate change differ from one country to another. Thus, an adaptation policy targets local impact, unlike a mitigation policy, which has a global objective. Because they are largely responsible for the global carbon stock but highly exposed to the impacts of climate change, developing countries have long been calling for a larger share of international funding for adaptation.This report presents an original empirical assessment of international climate finance flows dedicated to adaptation over the period 2019–2023. The authors have constructed a harmonised database based on sources from the OECD/DAC's TOSSD and SNPC. Through an overview of the different funding flows (grants, concessional loans, non-concessional loans) provided by different types of donors (bilateral, multilateral, etc.) and an analysis of the different channels through which the flows are channelled and their sectoral allocation, the authors examine the main characteristics of the geographical allocation of funds (by continent and by per capita income level of recipient countries). Finally, they address the most important point, which is the distribution of flows according to countries' physical vulnerability to climate change. The aim is to assess the adequacy of climate finance for adaptation in relation to the relative needs of developing countries.The main finding/conclusion is that climate finance for adaptation does not sufficiently benefit the poorest and most vulnerable countries, due to an excessive proportion of loans (particularly non-concessional loans) at the expense of grants or aid in general. This raises the question of the particular responsibility of multilateral donors in this regard.Finally, this report includes a methodological appendix (carried out in partnership with the French Development Agency) that explains the methodology and sources underlying the database used for the analysis presented in this paper. It covers several key concepts, such as climate adaptation finance and concessionality
État des connaissances sur les usagers et carrefours à feux
No full textLe carrefour à feux est le mode de gestion qui permet d’écouler un maximum de flux dans un espace minimal. Sa conception est une démarche spécifique qui associe étroitement aménagement de la voirie et fonctionnement des feux afin d’en garantir la performance en matière d’écoulement des flux et de sécurité pour tous les usagers. Si, en première approche, les feux semblent simplifier l’insertion du véhicule autonome, il faut éviter toute approche réductrice qui ferait oublier les nombreuses difficultés à surmonter.Ce document est un état de l’art à dire d’expert basé sur des retours terrains, des échanges avec les services gestionnaires de feux ainsi que d’études et évaluations menées par le Cerema. Il présente les enjeux liés à ce type d’aménagement, les modes de fonctionnement les plus répandus et permet de mesurer la grande diversité des configurations et comportements humains dont la compréhension est indispensable pour étudier l’impact de la conduite automatisée sur la sécurité des usagers de la route au niveau de ce type d’intersection
MODÈFONE - Modèle fantôme pour pression intracrânienne
No full textThis report presents the MODÈFONE project, whose objective is to develop a simplified experimental model of the cerebrospinal system in order to investigate fluid-structure interactions and physiological adaptations under altered gravity conditions, with a particular focus on microgravity. The experimental setup is based on a pulsatile hydraulic circuit reproducing systolic and diastolic dynamics, coupled with deformable elements simulating vascular compliance and a cranial compartment immersed in a fluid representing cerebrospinal fluid. This model enables the analysis of cranial and spinal pressures as well as their pulsatility. The purpose of this report is to describe the design and the results of the experimental setup.Ce rapport présente le projet MODÈFONE, dont l’objectif est de développer un modèle expérimental simplifié du système cérébrospinal afin d’étudier les interactions fluide–structure et les adaptations physiologiques en conditions de gravité modifiée, en particulier en micropesanteur.Le dispositif expérimental repose sur un circuit hydraulique pulsatile reproduisant la dynamique systolique et diastolique, couplé à des éléments déformables simulant la compliance vasculaire et à un compartiment crânial immergé dans un fluide représentant le liquide cérébrospinal. Ce modèle permet d’analyser les pressions crânienne et spinale ainsi que leur pulsatilité.L’objectif de ce rapport est de décrire la conception et les résultats du dispositif expérimental
La redirection écologique Ou Comment négocier nos attachements pour accompagner le renoncement
No full textComplete Abstractions for Verification of Polymorphic Functions with Equality -- extended version
No full textThis paper is concerned with automatically proving properties on polymorphic programs over algebraic data types by reducing the verification of such properties to the verification of properties on monomorphised, abstract programs. For programs without polymorphic equality, the reduction exploits Wadler's "Theorem for Free". For programs using polymorphic equality, we provide a sufficient condition for the reduction to hold. The condition relies on the existence of a locally complete abstraction function whose image is a finite set of arbitrary constants chosen for abstracting primitive values. When such a condition exists, the number of arbitrary constants depends on the functions under concern and the properties to prove. We present an implementation that automatically computes the number of constants and, thus, ensures that proving the polymorphic case with equality can be reduced to the proof carried out on a monomorphic instance of the program. Experimental results show that this reduction is indeed possible with small abstract domains. Target programs support user-defined recursive ADTs and recursive first-order functions.</div