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Discounting of Hyper-Palatable Food and Money and its Association with Food Addiction Symptomology
No full textBackground: Delay discounting (DD) is a construct that characterizes the degree to which individuals discount delayed rewards in favor of smaller, immediate rewards. A robust literature base has established an association between elevated DD and substance use behavior. However, the role of DD in food addiction (FA), considered addictive behavior with food as the target substance, has not been examined. Using discounting tasks that presented choices between hyper-palatable foods (HPF) and money, this study aimed to determine whether a greater willingness to wait for HPF when available at a delay, and a greater willingness to choose HPF when available immediately were associated with greater symptoms of FA. Single commodity task discounting conditions presented choices between amounts of HPF or money as the commodity (e.g., HPF now vs HPF later). Cross commodity conditions presented choices between money and HPF commodities (e.g., money now vs HPF later; HPF now vs money later).Methods: A general population sample of US adults (N = 296) completed a computerized DD task and the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were constructed to test whether DD in various single and cross commodity conditions was associated with greater FA symptomology. Results indicated there were no significant associations between the DD of HPF or money in single or cross commodity conditions with FA symptoms (p values= 0.106 to 0.582). However, there was a significant association between the DD rate in the single commodity money condition and FA symptoms (OR = 0.89; CI = .73-1.01; p = 0.04), indicating the tendency to choose smaller amounts of money immediately was associated with an 11% reduction in the odds of having zero FA symptoms, relative to chance.Conclusion: Overall, study findings do not support the premise that a preference for immediate HPF and a willingness to wait for larger amounts of HPF are associated with FA symptomology. Thus, our findings suggest choice impulsivity for HPF may not be a key behavioral feature among individuals who endorse greater FA symptoms
Assessing the Effects of Video Modeling on the Acquisition and Performance of Taekwondo Kicks in Children Diagnosed with Autism
No full textOnly a few studies using group designs have examined the effects of martial arts training in children with ASD, but the results have been promising, demonstrating improvements in social interactions and exercise (Movahedi et al., 2013), as well as reductions in stereotypical behaviors (Bahrami et al., 2012). The present study assessed the effectiveness of video modeling on the acquisition and performance of three Taekwondo kicks (round kick, side kick, and hook kick) in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using a multiple probe design. If video modeling as a stand-alone intervention was ineffective, behavioral coaching was implemented as a package intervention comprising of video modeling, video feedback, and verbal feedback. The results showed four of the five participants met mastery criterion on all three kicks with at least one of the interventions assessed. The fifth participant did not meet mastery on the hook kick but did achieve 81% of steps completed correctly. Mike and Ash required the behavioral coaching intervention to meet mastery across all three kicks. The other three participants required behavioral coaching to meet mastery on at least one of their kicks. Results showed naive participants may need additional instruction using behavioral coaching to master the target kicks, as video modeling alone was not effective to meet mastery criterion across all three kicks for any of the participants in this current study. Future research should conduct a component analysis to determine the independent contributions of each standalone intervention within the behavioral coaching package.Keywords: video modeling, behavioral coaching, Taekwondo, autis
A Conceptual Framework for Intercultural Teaching Practices in Undergraduate Music Therapy Learning Environments
No full textThe field of music therapy has seen an increase in research pertaining to culture and cultural considerations within the last several years, mainly focusing on topics such as culture, race, gender and sexuality, and disability. Many publications center on cultural considerations as they pertain to music therapy clinical facilitation. However, not much has been written on cultural considerations within undergraduate music therapy classrooms, and even less on interculturality within music therapy. The purpose of this thesis is to explore intercultural teaching practices within undergraduate learning environments and to develop a framework detailing the relationship between intercultural teaching practices and intercultural clinical practices. To create this framework, an ethnographically informed approach was conducted. A review of existing literature was provided, and the relationships among culture, intercultural awareness, intercultural teaching practices, and intercultural music therapy practice were described
A Discursive Evolution: Trade Publications Explain News Deserts to United States Journalists
Get PDFAlthough diminishing newsrooms—and gaping holes in community news coverage—have been acknowledged in the US for over a decade, the term “news desert” did not widely emerge in discourse among industry professionals to refer to places that lacked news outlets until the fall of 2018. While much work in various disciplines, including journalism studies, aims to uncover the causes behind news deserts and the effects of their proliferation, scant research attempts to understand how journalists themselves see these issues. Utilizing metajournalistic discourse analysis of journalism trade magazines, this study examined seven publications and found 97 articles published between January 1, 2017, and September 30, 2022, that used the term “news desert.” The aim is to understand how industry insiders constructed the concept and explained the repercussions of the phenomenon to other journalists. This has broader implications for understanding how journalism as an interpretive community constructs the field and the issues confronting it, particularly in times of crisis. This study found that industry leaders cannot agree on a clear definition of news deserts, have only recently begun to acknowledge the ethnic and socioeconomic communities most affected by a lack of news coverage, and rarely articulate, beyond generalities, the effects news deserts have on citizens. These results are then considered through the lens of journalistic reflexivity, national audience response, and potential solutions
Breaking Barriers: Diversity and Equity in Chemistry
Get PDFThis book is being made available in both PDF and ePub formats for the convenience of the reader.The field of chemistry has long been associated with the pursuit of objective facts and the uncovering of the building blocks of our universe. However, this view can often exclude the important role that diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) play in the advancement of scientific knowledge. By highlighting the contributions of minority chemists and integrating DEI principles into chemistry education, we can promote a more inclusive environment and foster greater understanding of the complex connections between chemistry and society.
In the first section, we provide a biography of each chemist, discussing their personal and professional lives and how their minority identity has interacted with their careers. The second section summarizes their research and accomplishments in the field of chemistry, emphasizing the importance of their work and the implications it has had on the broader scientific community. Finally, the third section explores how their research is related to the topics and contents taught in general chemistry, creating a connection between the material students learn in the classroom and the real-world applications of chemistry.
In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to incorporate DEI into STEM education, and chemistry is no exception. Despite this, there remains a scarcity of learning materials that directly introduce diversity and equality in chemistry education. As a result, students may view chemistry as an isolated discipline that is removed from the broader community.
This book aims to challenge that perception by introducing readers to minority chemists, their research, and the ways in which their work is related to topics taught in general chemistry courses. By exploring the lives and research of chemists who come from diverse backgrounds, we hope to showcase the importance of diverse perspectives in the advancement of the field and inspire a new generation of scientists who embrace and promote DEI in their own work. Each chapter of this book is divided into three main sections, highlighting the personal and professional lives of these extraordinary individuals and demonstrating the impact their work has had on the field
Gender, Smoking History, and Age Prediction from Laryngeal Images
Get PDFFlexible laryngoscopy is commonly performed by otolaryngologists to detect laryngeal diseases and to recognize potentially malignant lesions. Recently, researchers have introduced machine learning techniques to facilitate automated diagnosis using laryngeal images and achieved promising results. The diagnostic performance can be improved when patients’ demographic information is incorporated into models. However, the manual entry of patient data is time-consuming for clinicians. In this study, we made the first endeavor to employ deep learning models to predict patient demographic information to improve the detector model’s performance. The overall accuracy for gender, smoking history, and age was 85.5%, 65.2%, and 75.9%, respectively. We also created a new laryngoscopic image set for the machine learning study and benchmarked the performance of eight classical deep learning models based on CNNs and Transformers. The results can be integrated into current learning models to improve their performance by incorporating the patient’s demographic information
Gripped by the Drum: The Inspiring Artistry of Master Percussionist Kim Byeong Seop in the Korean Tradition of Nongak
Get PDFAll recordings are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 4.0 License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Audio Recording 1: Udogut Nongak at Ewha Womans University, Seoul, April 23, 1977 (Selection Featuring Gaeinjanggunori). Performance by Kim Byeong Seop and his Udo Nongak Troupe. Recorded by Edward R. Canda. Used by Permission.
Audio Recording 2: Pangut (Hapdong Nongak) and Gaeinjanggunori at Fulbright House, Seoul, May 16, 1977. Recorded by Edward R. Canda. Used by Permission.
Video Recording 1: Gaeinjanggunori and Pangut (Hapdong Nongak) at Namsan Mountain Park, Seoul, May 14, 1976. Performance by Kim Byeong Seop and Christine Loken on janggu. Recorded by Christine Loken (later named Loken-Kim). Used by Permission.
Video Recording 2 (9 parts): Kim Byeong Seop Sol Janggu Instructional Videos. Recorded in his Studio, Seoul:
October and November, 1985. Performances by Kim Byeong Seop and his Students. Recorded by Mary Jo Freshley. Nine recordings Used by Permission.
Video Recording 3 (9 parts): Kim Byeong Seop and Group Performing in Sannae, Byeonsan Myeon: November 23 and 24, 1985. Performances by Kim Byeong Seop, His Students and Nongak Troupe. Recorded by Mary Jo Freshley. Nine recordings Used by Permission.
Video Recording 4: Performance by Edward R. Canda. Korean Cultural Festival at the University of Kansas: July 19, 2008. Recorded by staff of the Korean Cultural Festival at the University of Kansas. Used by Permission.This book presents an introduction to the Korean tradition of nongak (농악), which is a form of group percussion and dance performance rooted in agricultural lifestyle and shamanistic/animistic worldview. It is based on my research and experience as a former student of Kim Byeong Seop (1921-1987), who was a renowned and nationally awarded expert performer, innovator, and teacher of this music tradition. He is especially esteemed for his prowess as a lead janggu hourglass drum performer in group percussion and dance and as an innovator in solo janggu performance. He has been described as possibly the most highly profiled lead janggu (장구) drum performer of modern history. Master Kim grew up and learned nongak in the rural context of North Jeolla Province and later became a nationally prominent performer and teacher based in Seoul. His masterful artistry continues to inspire performers and researchers to this day.
This book presents a detailed introduction to his cultural context, life story, and teaching style plus his inspirational impact on my life. My primary purpose in writing this book is to honor my teacher, his legacy, and the tradition he represented. He had encouraged me to spread knowledge and appreciation of nongak. Accordingly, my second purpose is to make freely available information, documents, photographs, and audio and video recordings related to Master Kim’s teaching and performance style in order to support the study and continuation of his musical legacy
Distinguishing academic science writing from humans or ChatGPT with over 99% accuracy using off-the-shelf machine learning tools
Get PDFChatGPT has enabled access to artificial intelligence (AI)-generated writing for the masses, initiating a culture shift in the way people work, learn, and write. The need to discriminate human writing from AI is now both critical and urgent. Addressing this need, we report a method for discriminating text generated by ChatGPT from (human) academic scientists, relying on prevalent and accessible supervised classification methods. The approach uses new features for discriminating (these) humans from AI; as examples, scientists write long paragraphs and have a penchant for equivocal language, frequently using words like “but,” “however,” and “although.” With a set of 20 features, we built a model that assigns the author, as human or AI, at over 99% accuracy. This strategy could be further adapted and developed by others with basic skills in supervised classification, enabling access to many highly accurate and targeted models for detecting AI usage in academic writing and beyond
Effects of occurrence data density on conservation prioritization strategies
Get PDFPlace-prioritization analyses are a means by which researchers can translate information on the geographic distributions of species into quantitative prioritizations of areas for biodiversity conservation action. Although several robust algorithms are now available to support this sort of analysis, their vulnerability to biases deriving from incomplete and imbalanced distributional information is not well understood. In this contribution, we took a well-sampled group (i.e., Icteridae or New World blackbirds) in an intensively sampled region (the contiguous continental United States), and developed a set of pseudo-experimental manipulations of occurrence data density—in effect, we created situations in which data density was reduced 10- or 100-fold, and situations in which data density varied 100-fold from region to region. The effects were marked: priority areas for conservation shifted, appeared, and disappeared as a function of our manipulations. That is, differences in density of data can affect the position and complexity of areas of high conservation priority that are identified using distributional areas of species derived from ecological niche modeling. The effects of data density on prioritizations become more diffuse when considerations of existing protected areas and costs related to human intervention are taken into account, but changes are still manifested. Appropriate considerations of sampling density when constructing ecological niche models to identify distributional areas of species are key to preventing artifactual biases from entering into and affecting results of analyses of conservation priority
The macroeconomic implications of deficit financing under present bias
Get PDFWe examine how present bias affects deficit, inflation, and welfare in an economy where the deficit is funded by a seigniorage tax. In a hyperbolic discounting economy, reduced money holdings due to the desire for immediate consumption cause a decline in the sustainable deficit limit. To meet the targeted deficit, the government must raise seigniorage tax collection, especially with present bias. This results in increased inflation rates and higher welfare costs associated with the deficit for hyperbolic discounting individuals