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“I Ran to Make a Point”: Predicting and Preventing Youth Runaway from Foster Care
Get PDFYouth who run away from foster care experience danger to health and safety and increased risk of adverse child welfare outcomes. By applying a concurrent mixed-methods approach, this study aimed to develop a deeper understanding of runaway risk that used a person-centered lens and amplified youth voices. Collectively, this approach can inform service innovations to support youth placed in out-of-home care. Working with a foster care agency in Kansas, data sources comprised administrative data for youth ages 12 + in care, and interview data with 20 youth, 12 + in care. Quantitative analyses involved latent class analysis followed by multinomial logistic regression to investigate whether the population of youth in care was comprised of subpopulations with differential runaway risk and whether subpopulations would predict runaway behaviors. Qualitative analyses applied modified analytic inductive thematic analysis to explore critical life experiences that may act as risk or protective factors of running away from care. Results revealed four sub-populations which were characterized by their previous family and system experiences. Additionally, class membership, gender, number of siblings, and age were statistically significant predictors of runway behaviors. Youth interviews revealed five key themes on life experiences that mitigate or exacerbate youths’ runaway behaviors. Recommendations resulting from this study were provided in three key areas: (1) improving family visitation and maintaining youth connections with self-identified family and non-relative kin; (2) supporting service approaches for youth that honor and amplify their voices, choices, and family connections; and (3) improving placement quality and individualization of services
Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins
Get PDFOxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways
Ring Opening of Aziridines by Pendant Silanols Allows for Stereospecific Preparations of 1′-Amino-tetrahydrofurans
No full textThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Copyright © 2023 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.3c00763.We have developed a highly stereospecific cyclization of aziridine silanols into 1′-amino-tetrahydrofurans. Our protocol of stirring a substrate with 10 mol % Sc (OTf)3 and 1 equivalent of NaHCO3 in CH2Cl2 is mild and compatible with a range of activating aziridine N-substituents (including tosylates, mesylates, and carbamates) and functional groups on the alkyl chains (including substituted aryl rings, alkyl bromides, and alkyl ethers). In all cases examined, trans di-substituted aziridine silanols give products with an erythro configuration; conversely, cis di-substituted aziridine silanols give products with a threo configuration. While literature syntheses of 1′-amino-tetrahydrofurans exist, only one example, contemporaneous with our work, uses a similar cyclization for their construction. Control experiments demonstrate that, for this transformation, the silanol is not particularly privileged, and a variety of protecting groups on the alcohol (including other silicon protecting groups, benzyl ethers, and MOM ethers) are compatible with product formation
An index for inferring dominant transport pathways of solutes and sediment: Assessing land use impacts with high-frequency conductivity and turbidity sensor data
Get PDFLand use change threatens aquatic ecosystems through freshwater salinization and sediment pollution. Effective river management requires an understanding of the dominant hydrologic pathways of sediment and solute delivery. To address this, we applied hysteresis analysis, hydrograph separation, and linear regression to hundreds of events across a decade of specific conductance and turbidity data from three streams along a rural-to-urban gradient. Thereafter, we developed an index () to quantify the relative influence of surface runoff to event-scale suspended sediment generation, where a value of ‘1’ indicates complete alignment of suspended sediment generation with the temporal structure of runoff whereas ‘0’ indicates total alignment with baseflow. Solute hysteresis results showed a predominance of dilution for the rural and mixed-use streams irrespective of road salt presence. On the other hand, urban stream behavior shifted from dilution to flushing following salt application, which was largely driven by greater runoff coefficients and the connectivity of distal solutes to the stream corridor. The newly developed index () indicated that suspended sediment dynamics were more aligned with runoff in all three streams: rural stream ( = 0.70), mixed stream ( = 0.57), and urban stream ( = 0.64). The relative importance of baseflow to sediment generation grows slightly in urbanizing streams, as impervious surfaces disconnect upland sediment, which would otherwise transport with runoff, while piston-flow baseflow erodes exposed streambanks. Our findings emphasize the need to consider the impact of human modification of the landscape on solute and sediment transport in freshwater systems for effective water quality management. Further, our index provides a useful tool for assessing the relative influence of surface runoff on event-scale solute or sediment generation in streams, supporting river management and conservation efforts
DATASET: Test Results from Shake Table Tests of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Grade 60 or 100 (420 or 690) Reinforcement
No full textThis dataset reports the acceleration and displacement data collected during tests of two reinforced concrete frames that differed in one way: the longitudinal bars were Grade 60 (420) in C1 and Grade 100 (690) in H1. The frames were placed side-by-side on the NCREE shake table in Taipei, Taiwan, and subjected to 16 earthquake simulations. Details of the specimens and ground motions are reported in references [1] and [2], along with inferences made by the authors.
This dataset includes one image file (“Instrument Locations”), which shows the locations and IDs of the instruments used during testing, and 39 excel files. The excel file named “Description of Runs” identifies the excitation type associated with each of the 38 runs, which include low-amplitude excitation recorded to determine dynamic properties before and after each earthquake simulation. Excel files named “Run 1” to “Run 38” each contain the recorded displacement (mm) and acceleration (g) data versus time.
References:
[1] Chin, C.-H., Cheng, M.-Y., Lepage, A., & Lequesne, R. D., (2024). Shake Table Tests to Compare the Seismic Response of Concrete Frames with Conventional and High-Strength Reinforcement. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 53(1), 89-115. doi: 10.1002/eqe.4008
[2] Chin, C.-H., (2022). Shaking Table Test of RC Column Using High-Strength Flexural Reinforcement Under Low Axial Load. M.S. Thesis, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, 175 pp. (In Chinese
Divination in Roman Literature: Portrayals Across Time and Genre
No full textThis thesis discusses how and when divination is portrayed in Roman literature. In doing so, this thesis will focus on the distinction between foreign and traditionally Roman divinatory practices in the texts. This thesis will also investigate how this distinction is realized throughout various periods of Roman literature, across multiple genres. To do this, my thesis will be organized into three chapters based on three chronological periods. I focus my analysis on the depiction of divinatory practices in Late Republican literature in Chapter One, Augustan literature in Chapter Two, and Late Imperial literature in Chapter Three. The analysis presented by this thesis will not only help us better understand the portrayal of divination in Latin literature, but also the changing role of divination in Roman culture through the ages
Assessment of Countermovement Jump: What Should We Report?
Get PDFThe purpose of the present study was (i) to explore the reliability of the most commonly used countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics, and (ii) to reduce a large pool of metrics with acceptable levels of reliability via principal component analysis to the significant factors capable of providing distinctive aspects of CMJ performance. Seventy-nine physically active participants (thirty-seven females and forty-two males) performed three maximal CMJs while standing on a force platform. Each participant visited the laboratory on two occasions, separated by 24–48 h. The most reliable variables were performance variables (CV = 4.2–11.1%), followed by kinetic variables (CV = 1.6–93.4%), and finally kinematic variables (CV = 1.9–37.4%). From the 45 CMJ computed metrics, only 24 demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability (CV ≤ 10%). These variables were included in the principal component analysis and loaded a total of four factors, explaining 91% of the CMJ variance: performance component (variables responsible for overall jump performance), eccentric component (variables related to the breaking phase), concentric component (variables related to the upward phase), and jump strategy component (variables influencing the jumping style). Overall, the findings revealed important implications for sports scientists and practitioners regarding the CMJ-derived metrics that should be considered to gain a comprehensive insight into the biomechanical parameters related to CMJ performance
The impact of primary care access on autism spectrum disorder awareness in an underserved population
Get PDFA grant from the One-University Open Access Fund at the University of Kansas was used to defray the author's publication fees in this Open Access journal. The Open Access Fund, administered by librarians from the KU, KU Law, and KUMC libraries, is made possible by contributions from the offices of KU Provost, KU Vice Chancellor for Research & Graduate Studies, and KUMC Vice Chancellor for Research. For more information about the Open Access Fund, please see http://library.kumc.edu/authors-fund.xml.American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) screening do not specifically address safety-net clinics, which provide multidisciplinary healthcare services to underserved patients. This project explored the potential for ASD screening in safety-net clinics by assessing parental perceived knowledge of ASD at JayDoc Free Clinic, a student-run safety-net clinic in Wyandotte County, Kansas. May through December 2022, patients who reported to be the parent of a minor received a demographic survey and a Likert-style questionnaire assessing perceived knowledge of ASD, including understanding the importance of ASD screening and ASD signs and symptoms. Responses were categorized into positive, negative, and unsure. Demographic variables included the minor’s primary care provider (PCP) status. Results were analyzed using bivariate analysis, with chi-square tests for significance (p-value ≤ 0.05). Of the 52 participants who completed at least one Likert response, 55.8% reported their child had a PCP. Responses were somewhat balanced with 44.2% positive for understanding the importance of ASD screening and 53.8% positive for understanding ASD signs and symptoms. For understanding the signs and symptoms of ASD, an unsure response (32.7% of responses) was statistically associated with a lack of PCP (p = 0.017). The balance of positive with negative and unsure responses could reflect lack of ASD knowledge and may relate to healthcare inaccessibility. This is consistent with the significant association between lack of PCP and unsure responses for understanding ASD signs and symptoms. ASD screening and education in safety-net clinics like JayDoc could be valuable, particularly for children without a PCP
On the Importance of Surface Chemistry Upon Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Methods
No full textClassic surface area characterization techniques require sample preparation and testing conditions that may be destructive to certain materials, misleading conclusions about their native properties. Particularly, ex-situ surface area and porosimetry analyses limit the ability to assess the material under relevant practical conditions. Time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) or relaxometry is a non-invasive and convenient alternative for studies with fluid-saturated samples. This dissertation used solvent relaxometry experiments to investigate the porosity and solid-fluid chemical affinity in different systems. Besides analytical research work, complementary studies were conducted on the chemical derivatization of polysaccharides.Solvent relaxation rates of polymer particle suspensions elucidated the role of surface chemistry in TD-NMR methods through the solid-fluid affinity parameter, surface relaxivity (ρ2). Polymers with a high heteroatom (O, N) content generally showed higher ρ2 values for water than n-decane. The comparison of ρ2 with water contact angles from the literature yielded an inverse relationship, indicating that TD-NMR can predict polymer wettability. In addition, the equivalence of laboratory-scale relaxometry experiments to well-logging technologies was further explored in studies with isolated kerogens, i.e., the insoluble sedimentary organic matter in shale rocks. First, kerogen samples were extensively characterized via solid-state techniques, resulting in a comprehensive data set of bulk and surface properties. After suspension in water and n-decane, kerogens displayed more complex trends of ρ2 than polymers, indicating mild correlations to its surface composition but strong influence from organic free radicals.Additional research comprised the use of solvent longitudinal and transverse relaxation time distributions to obtain further insights from multiple fluid-saturated porous media. The results elucidated the versatility of TD-NMR in characterizing drying phenomena in nanocellulose slurries, the water mobility in hydrogel networks, and the adsorption energy of liquids on catalyst supports.Ultimately, the findings reported in this dissertation highlight the importance of understanding the surface chemistry role in time-domain NMR experiments and its value to rapidly and accurately characterize different porous materials
Recurrent Artificial Neural Networks for Low-Thrust Trajectory Design and Optimization
No full textImplementing low-thrust propulsion on spacecraft can be quite advantageous, resulting in lower fuel consumptions, greater payload fractions, lower launch costs, and more. Due to these advantages, low-thrust propulsion has been used as the primary and secondary means of propulsion in almost every space application, though a majority of spacecraft launched with low-thrust propulsion have been geosynchronous equatorial orbit (GEO) satellites. As the use of spacecraft launched with low-thrust propulsion can be expected to continue increasing significantly, so can the need for quick, accurate, and robust low-thrust trajectory optimization as well as autonomous low-thrust control. However, due to lower thrust magnitudes and longer transfer times, low-thrust trajectory optimization via traditional optimization techniques can be complex as well as computationally-expensive and time-consuming. Artificial neural networks, on the other hand, can provide an alternative to such techniques. However, though the use of artificial neural networks trained by supervised learning models for applications related to low-thrust trajectory design and optimization is extensive, previous research has largely focused on shallow or deep feedforward architectures with little emphasis placed on recurrent ones, even though recurrent architectures are inherently more suited to time histories. Thus, the objective of this research was to investigate the potential of recurrent artificial neural networks, specifically long short-term memory artificial neural networks, for low-thrust trajectory design and optimization with respect to their feedforward equivalents. As a majority of spacecraft launched with low-thrust propulsion have primarily been GEO satellites, the focus of this research was, primarily, on the low-thrust, orbit-raising problem for both time-optimal and fuel-optimal transfers. Overall, this dissertation will present the results and conclusions from this research as well as the scientific contributions