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VAN JAARSVELD, F.A. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1918-1932; 1 File; 1.20 metrePrivate papers of F.A van Jaarsveld, Professor in History at UNISA [1960-1967], RAU [1967- ] and University of Pretoria
Using a condom to prevent cement interdigitation into bone during the first stage of a two-stage revision arthroplasty for a periprosthetic joint infection
No full textIntroduction and Aims: Total joint replacements are a universally accepted treatment in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, avascular necrosis of the femoral head as well as developmental dysplasia.1,2 Due to an ageing population the demand for these procedures are increasing. On the other hand complications associated with arthroplasty will also increase. It can be argued that the most devastating complication following arthroplasty is infection. Prosthetic infections are difficult to treat and usually requires revision surgery. Whether the revision is done in a single stage or as a two-staged procedure, it remains a challenge to remove the infected prosthesis and replace it with a temporary antibiotic spacer. If the spacer is inserted as for a primary or uninfected revision replacement, interdigitation of the cement into the interstitial spaces of the bone occurs. In non-infected primary or revision surgery this is desirable as this strengthens the bone-cement-interface resulting in a stable prosthesis. Once an implant becomes infected and a two-stage revision is planned, the very same strong bone-cement interface presents a serious problem. Removal of these infected implants can be very time-consuming. If one can prevent interdigitation of the cement at the time of insertion of the temporary cement spacer, it may significantly shorten the second stage of the procedure and possibly prevent complications. The purpose of this study is to determine if the interdigitation of bone cement into bone can be prevented by using a standard, government issued male or female condom during the first stage of a two-staged revision procedure. Methodology: The study was conducted in the dissection hall of the Department of Anatomy of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Free State. Eleven cadavers were available at the time of conducting the study. Standard government issued male and female condoms were used. A cross-sectional study design was used and the data was analysed by the Department of Biostatistics at the University of the Free State. Results: Twenty-one femurs and thirteen tibias were used. In the femur, we used a male condom in eleven cases and a female condom in ten cases. The condom was intact in one case and ruptured in ten cases when a male condom was used in the femur. No interdigitation of cement was seen during visual inspection in any of these cases. When a female condom was used it was intact in seven cases and not intact in three cases and no interdigitation was also noted in any of the cases. In the tibia we used a male condom in eleven and a female condom in two cases. The male condom was intact in eight cases and it ruptured in three cases with no interdigitation of cement noted. A female condom was used in only two cases and was intact in both of these with no interdigitation of cement on visual inspection. Without exception all the condoms, male and female, ruptured at the distal end covering the tip of the prosthesis whilst the part of the condom surrounding the prosthesis proximal to tip were intact and therefore prevented interdigitation of the cement. Although interdigitation was not observed in any of the cadavers, we found a statistical significant difference between intact male and female condoms when used in the femur (P = 0.05). There was however a statistical significant difference when the intact condoms used in the tibia were compared to the intact condoms in the femur (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that either a male or a female condom may be used to prevent interdigitation of cement into the trabecular bone. Using a standard government issued female condom is easier and more reliable when compared to using a standard government issued male condom. The utilization of a condom in the femur proved to be troublesome due to various reasons. Our study furthermore indicates that it is better to use a female condom in the femur. No cement interdigitation was noted upon inspection regardless of the condom used. Recommendations: We recommend that a standard government issued female condom may be used to prevent the interdigitation of cement into the trabecular bone in both the proximal femur and proximal tibia. The use of a male condom should be reserved for use in the tibia. Despite our findings in cadaveric models, further in vivo research is necessary before the technique can be advocated as safe to use in patients. Another study investigating the sterility of the condoms that were used are currently being undertaken at the UFS
VILJOEN, Daniël Thomas Du Plessis Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1953-1972; 21 Files; 0,33 Metres.Private papers of D.T. du P. Viljoen, United Party MP Victoria-West [1938-1943], Senator [1948-1953], Administrator SWA [1953-1963]
L`ETANG, P.I.Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE: 1896-1975; 0.10 metresInformation regarding immigrants from Mauritius to Natal; family photo
BEUKES, P Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1918-1966; 10 files; 0.20 metreServed as a journalist at DIE VOLKSBLAD in 1931; 1936-1940 editor of DIE VADERLAND; In 1945 he became co-editor of DIE SUIDERSTEM and served as such until 1950 then became founder, editor, and manager of DIE LANDSTEM; In 1967 he became the Cape representative of Press Corp
Screening for the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 2 diabetes in a black South African population
No full textIntroduction: The number of people suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) is expected to rise to 642 million by 2040. It is estimated that the highest proportion of undiagnosed individuals are African. The increasing prevalence of T2D has become a leading public health challenge throughout the world and has led to an intense search for genetic risk factors to this disease. The large increase in the prevalence of T2D coincides with a higher prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. The aetiology of T2D is not fully understood, as a result, impairing the development of curative interventions to relieve the burden of T2D.
Objective: The present study was conducted to screen for the association of SNPs in candidate genes identified through genome wide association studies, with T2D in a black South African population. The identification of T2D risk associated alleles could aid in preventing the clinical onset of the diabetes by intervention of a modified lifestyle.
Methods: A descriptive case control study was performed on a cohort of 188 South African participants (T2D patients: n=96 and non T2D controls: n=92) of mostly Sotho descent, living in the central Free State area of Mangaung. The two groups were individually matched according to gender, age (20-60 years) and Body Mass Index (BMI) conferring to WHO categories. HbA1c levels were recorded for both groups. Non-T2D controls were included only if their HbA1c<6.5%.
Genotyping was determined using Real time PCR on a Quant Studio 5 qPCR system (Applied Biosystems) using hydrolysis probe technology. Genotype of the following six SNPs were determined: TCF7L2 (rs7903146, rs12255372), IRS1 (rs2943641), CDKAL1 (rs7754840), KCNJ11 (rs5219) and RND3-RBM43 (rs7560163). Each qPCR run was performed with a technical homozygous control for each genotype as well as a non-template control. All the reactions were set up in duplicate. Control samples were sequenced using Sanger sequencing to confirm genotype, and for the rare allele control, synthetic oligomers (gBlocks® Gene Fragments; IDT) were purchased and applied.
Differences in allele and genotype frequencies between patients and controls were calculated with Chi-squared and 2x2 contingency tables (VassarStats). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were determined. A p<0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: TCF7L2 rs12255372 showed a significantly higher allele frequency in the T2D patient group than in non-T2D control group with value of p= 0.0000708. Increased homozygosity for the mutant TT genotype at TCF7L2 rs12255372 was observed in 23% of T2D patients vs 3% in non-T2D controls (odds ratio 8.82, 95% confidence interval: 2.54-30.63 p= 0.0000599). The same trend was observed for the rare C allele of IRS1 rs2943641, but without significance (p= 0.559). An increase in heterozygosity was observed for the CDKAL1 rs7755840 in T2D patients, also without statistical significance p=1.89. No mutant homozygyotes for KCNJ11 rs5219 were found in both cohorts. The rare/mutant allele of both IRS1 and RND3-RBM43 were higher in both patients and controls than the ancestral allele.
Conclusion: The TCF7L2 rs12255372 is the only SNP that is significantly associated with T2D. Differences in ethnic background or environmental factors can possibly be attributable to differences in the results found in this study of black South African population compared to other ethnic groups. Results from this study emphasizes the need to investigate genetic variants associated with complex diseases such as T2D in the black South African population.National Research Foundation (NRF) Thuthuka Gran
Reviewing local economic development (LED) projects: the case of Mogale city local municipality (MCLM)
No full textLocal Economic Development (LED) literature has shown that a focus on local economic
development at a local government level is one of the best ways to address the triple
challenges of poverty, inequality and unemployment. The responsibility of coordinating
LED initiatives in order to address these challenges is, in accord with the Constitution of
the Republic of South Africa (1996), the responsibility of municipalities.
This study highlights the changes that LED projects had on the communities in Mogale
City Local Municipality (MCLM), West Rand District Municipality (WRDM), in the Gauteng
Province. According to the qualitative approach, a questionnaire was used to collect data
from respondents. Research findings mostly confirm what other researchers have already
stated, such as the role-played by the educational level of beneficiaries in the successes
of LED projects. A key finding of this research is that not all project beneficiaries had high
school educational qualifications: only one person, the manager of the Food gardening
project, had a grade 10 qualification. Another significant finding reveals that both projects
did not keep accounting records and did not use the services of an independent auditor
to audit their projects.
The main aim of the study was to review the LED projects of MCLM in order to establish
whether they were being implemented in an effective and efficient manner.
Most members in these projects were women, with only one man in the Food Security
Project assisting with the hard-core labour (digging of trenches) and two men in the
Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) project. The EPWP project had been in
place for one year, but was on the verge of collapse because members were not being
paid a stipend, in contrast to their Food Security counterparts. The researcher as a lack
of patience and perseverance interpreted members’ lack of commitment to the EPWP
project. Members of the Food Security project, in contrast, stuck to their project despite
the fact that it was not yielding results. They did not see the project as a get-rich-quick
scheme and worked tirelessly, in the hope that in time the municipality would pay them
stipends of market value.
MCLM’s LED strategy is a good example of what national policy envisages, since it was
drafted in consultation with the community as a key stakeholder and focuses on real
community issues.
The study draws upon academic journals and literature that examine the origin of LED
projects’ implementation at local municipal level worldwide and provides a historical
perspective on LED projects and initiatives internationally. The study also provides a
South African LED perspective of the pre and post-apartheid era.
The researcher suggests that further in-depth research be conducted on factors that lead
to LED projects collapsing instead of sustaining themselves, as well as LED projects’
capacity to create employment and be financially and economically viable
WIEGAND, J.H. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE: 1914-1932; 0.01 metresMinutes of the National Party Department of Management Vredefort 1914/1932 -
transferred to PV 2
SCHOEMAN, Hendrik Stephanus Johan Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1968-1984; 247 Files; *13,20 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN ARCA COLLECTION = 9Private papers of H.S.J. Schoeman, national Party MP Standerton [1966-1974], Delmas [1974-1986], Deputy Minister of Agriculture [1968-1972], Minister of Agriculture [1972-1980], Agriculture and Fisheries [1980], Transport Affairs [1980-1986]