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A professional development framework to empower the school management team in financial management
No full textEnglish: The aim of the study was to design a professional development framework to empower the school management team in financial management. In order to achieve this, the following specific objectives were devised to guide the study: To demonstrate the challenges and justify the need to develop a framework for the professional development of school management teams in financial management. To outline the possible solutions to the challenges faced by school management teams in financial management. To discuss the conditions conducive to the implementation of the framework. To delineate the possible threats that may hinder the implementation of a framework. To demonstrate the possible successes associated with the implementation of the professional development framework to empower school management teams in financial management. The reviewed literature revealed that while the school governing bodies have an ultimate responsibility for the management of school finances, they play a minimal role and delegate the daily operational financial management activities to school management teams. As a result, the school management team has a responsibility of maintaining and managing school finances. However, some school management team members do not understand how a budget is drafted or even how financial reports are prepared due to a lack of knowledge and skills in financial management. Others have little knowledge of the South African Schools Act and the Public Finance Management Act. In some cases, the school management team and the school governing body are not working collaboratively because they do not know their roles and responsibilities in relation to the management of funds. These challenges are due to the fact that they are appointed on the basis of teaching experience and academic and professional qualifications, but knowledge of financial management is not a prerequisite. They are often provided with a one-off unaccredited and inadequate induction workshop; thereafter, their development is not monitored. This is a design research that seeks to find a practical and effective framework that will empower the school management team with the necessary financial management skills and knowledge to manage school funds. This study expects to have a practical framework that will serve as a guide to empower school management teams to establish financial competencies and become better skilled financial managers. A total of 12 co-researchers were purposefully selected from two schools and a district office. The researcher worked collaboratively with co-researchers in order to find solutions to the challenges facing the school management teams in financial management. The theoretical framework adopted to underpin this study is social constructionism, which affirms that knowledge is constructed by humans through social interactions. The data were generated through discussion and information-sharing meetings between the researcher and co-researchers. In order to design a professional development framework, social constructionism was used concurrently with participatory action research as they both aim to promote learning, thus, to empower and to change. Participatory action research was used as it is emancipatory and works with real challenges to bring about change in the community. The data generated were analysed by means of critical discourse analysis, using textual, discursive and social analysis. Consequently, the co-researchers constructed a framework, implemented and reflected on it and improved and shared the transformation that took place during the process.Afrikaans: Die doel van die studie is om ʼn professionele ontwikkelingsraamwerk te ontwerp om die skoolbestuurspan in finansiële bestuur te bemagtig. Ten einde hierdie doel te bereik is die volgende spesifieke doelwitte ontwerp om die studie te lei:
Om uitdagings te demonstreer en die noodsaaklikheid om ʼn raamwerk vir professionele ontwikkeling van skoolbestuurspanne in finansiële bestuur te ontwikkel, te regverdig.
Om moontlike oplossings vir die uitdagings van skoolbestuurspanne in finansiële bestuur te bespreek
Om die voorwaardes wat bevorderlik is vir die implementering van die raamwerk te bespreek.
Om die moontlike dreigemente wat die implementering van ʼn raamwerk kan belemmer, te omskryf
Om moontlike suksesse wat verband hou met die implementering van die professionele ontwikkelingsraamwerk om skoolbestuurspanne in finansiële bestuur te bemagtig, te demonstreer.
‘n Literatuurstudie het aan die lig gebring dat, terwyl skoolbeheerliggame die verantwoordelikheid vir die bestuur van skoolfinansies dra, hulle ʼn minimale rol daarin speel en eerder die daaglikse bedryfsfinansieringsaktiwiteite aan skoolbestuurspanne delegeer. Gevolglik dra die skoolbestuurspan die verantwoordelikheid om skoolfinansies te handhaaf en te bestuur. Sommige lede van die skoolbestuurspan verstaan egter nie hoe ʼn begroting opgestel word of selfs hoe finansiële verslae voorberei word nie. Dit is as gevolg van n gebrek aan kennis en vaardighede betreffende finansiële bestuur. Ander lede dra min kennis van die Suid-Afrikaanse Skolewet en die Wet op Openbare Finansiële Bestuur. In sommige gevalle werk die skoolbestuurspan en die skoolbeheerliggaam nie saam nie omdat hulle nie hul onderskeie rolle en verantwoordelikhede rakende die bestuur van fondse ken nie. Hierdie uitdagings is te wyte aan die feit dat hulle aangestel word op grond van onderrigervaring asook akademiese en professionele kwalifikasie, terwyl kennis van finansiële bestuur nie ʼn voorvereiste is nie. Hulle woon gewoonlik slegs ʼn eenmalige nie-geakkrediteerd, onvoldoende induksiewerkswinkel by, met geen monitoring van hul ontwikkeling nie. Hierdie is ʼn ontwerpnavorsing wat poog om ʼn
praktiese en effektiewe raamwerk te vind wat die skoolbestuurspan met die nodige finansiële bestuursvaardighede en kennis sal bemagtig om skoolfondse te bestuur. Hierdie studie verwag om ʼn praktiese raamwerk te hê wat sal dien as ʼn riglyn om skoolbestuurspanne te bemagtig om finansiële vaardighede te vestig en beter geskoolde finansiële bestuurders te word. Altesaam 12 medenavorsers is doelgerig uit twee skole en die distrikskantoor geselekteer. Die navorser het saam met medenavorsers gewerk om oplossings te vind vir die uitdagings wat die skoolbestuurspan in finansiële bestuur ondervind. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat aangeneem is om hierdie studie te ondersteun, is sosiale konstruksie, wat bevestig dat kennis deur mense deur sosiale interaksies opgebou word. Data is gegenereer deur besprekings en vergaderings waar inligting gedeel is tussen die navorser en medenavorsers. Om ʼn professionele ontwikkelingsraamwerk te ontwerp is sosiale konstruksie saam met deelnemende aksienavorsing gebruik aangesien beide beoog om leer te bevorder, dit wil sê, om te bemagtig en te verander. Deelnemende aksienavorsing is gebruik omdat dit emansiperend is en werk met werklike uitdagings om verandering in die gemeenskap teweeg te bring. Die gegenereerde data is ontleed deur middel van kritiese diskoersanalise met behulp van tekstuele, diskursiewe en sosiale analise. Voortspruitend daaruit, het die medenavorsers ʼn raamwerk opgestel, geïmplementeer, daarop gereflekteer en die transformasie wat tydens die proses plaasgevind het, verbeter en gedeel
Gardens, gardening culture and the development of a semi-vernacular garden style in Batho, Mangaung, 1918-1939: a historical perspective
No full textTopiary had been a feature of European gardens – particularly those laid out in the
Netherlands and Britain – for centuries. Since the occupation and subsequent colonisation
of the Cape of Good Hope, first by the Dutch and then the British during the 17th and 18th
centuries, the South African garden style and gardening culture had been strongly influenced
by these two gardening nations. Importantly, such cultural influence was not limited to the
white colonists’ gardens and gardening culture. Due to acculturation and inter-cultural
influencing, the garden style and gardening culture of South Africa’s black people and other
indigenous groups were influenced by white gardeners’ preference for formality, symmetry
and, above all, topiary.
The traditional African vernacular garden/field, which may be described as an ‘agricultural
garden’ and/or ‘horticultural field’, was characterised by an orderly yet mostly informal
layout and the absence of a strict separation between gardens (vegetables) and fields (crops).
Due to British and European influence, particularly in the region which became known as
South Africa, the vernacular food-only gardens of some black people and indigenous groups
gradually became semi-vernacular. The once informal layout of gardens and fields had
become more regimented and seed was sown in rows instead of scattered randomly.
Furthermore, the ancient Western and traditional African concept of a garden as an enclosed
area was reinforced by the white colonists’ taste for gardens enclosed by clipped hedges.
British and European missionaries who had established mission stations across the
mentioned region also played an important role in strengthening a gardening culture among
the ‘Bantu’-speaking black people and other indigenous groups, such as the Khoesan.
Furthermore, mission schools and training institutions were used as vehicles to promote
‘industrial education’ for black people and indigenous groups. Gardening and Nature Study
were considered industrial subjects which not only taught learners the principles of practical
gardening but also promoted a predominantly formal garden style. During the 20th century,
industrial education became official policy in government-funded black schools to secure a
steady supply of suitably trained manual labourers for the ‘white’ economy, including
labourers to work in gardens and fields.
During the 19th century, the taste for formality and topiary spread to the region beyond the
Cape Colony, including the Transgariep, which became the Orange Free State republic with
Bloemfontein as its capital (1854). Bloemfontein’s first gardeners were of Dutch, German
and British origin; consequently, the local garden style and gardening culture were
European. Due to the increased availability of cheap black manual labour, Bloemfontein’s
gardens were maintained by black garden labourers. In the white people’s gardens, the black
garden labourers were exposed to a preference for the formal garden style and topiary,
particularly clipped hedges. The development of ‘gardening relationships’ between white
employers and black labourers led to the transference of gardening knowledge and skills,
including topiary skills.
Bloemfontein’s oldest locations, notably Waaihoek and Cape Stands, were not devoid of
gardens. However, the Bloemfontein municipality deemed it necessary to encourage location
residents to beautify their domestic surroundings by erecting decent houses and laying out
small gardens. In addition to food-only gardens, food-and-ornamental gardens became
increasingly popular. Rapid urbanisation after the end of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902)
caused a substantial increase in Bloemfontein’s black and coloured population, which
resulted in overcrowding and the development of slum conditions in the locations. The
municipality’s efforts to address this challenge reached a climax with the founding of Batho
(1918) as one of the Union of South Africa’s first ‘model locations’.
Thanks to the efforts of influential municipal officials, Bloemfontein’s ‘model location’ was
turned into a ‘garden location’ with plots made big enough to allow space for the laying out
of gardens. Measures taken to encourage residents to lay out gardens paid off and, in due
course, semi-vernacular location gardens – in this case, topiary gardens – were laid out in
Batho. Batho’s topiary gardens may be described as simple formal axial gardens
characterised by English cottage-style planting inside a formal framework. The outstanding
feature of most Batho gardens was the presence of topiary, including clipped hedges, shapes
and living sculpture. Essentially, an ancient European garden art was indigenised and
Africanised in the location environment and, in the process, turned into a phenomenon
described as ‘township topiary’. Since Batho’s founding, its gardening culture had been
sustained by the transference of gardening knowledge and skills – including those related to
‘township topiary’ – from one generation of gardeners to the next
MUNNIK, Lourens Albertus Petrus Anderson Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1942-1945; 2 Files; 0,11 Metre.Private papers of L.A.P.A. Munnik, National Party MPC, Aliwal North [1962-1972], MP Caledon [1972-1975], Durbanville [1979-1986], Administrator of the Cape Province [1975-1979], Minister of Health [1979-1980], Social Welfare and Pensions [1979-1980], Health, Welfare and Pensions [1980-1981], Health and Welfare [1982], Post and Telecommunication [1982-1984], Public Works [1985-1986
VAN RENSBURG, C.J.J. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE: 1960-1962; 0.01 metrePamphlets and election materia
Farmer perceptions of climate variability induced drought, local adaptation and mitigation measures: case study on the subsistence farming community of Siphocosini, Swaziland
No full textThe occurrence of droughts are becoming a prevalent feature in the Swaziland agricultural sector, where over 70 percent of the population is dependent on rain fed agriculture as their main source of livelihood. There is therefore an increased concern that climate variability, through drought, will further threaten the livelihoods of the already vulnerable rural families and increase the vulnerability at household and community level or even the economy of the country. The objectives of the study were to assess the social effects brought on by climate variability induced drought, determine the subsistence farmer perceptions of climate variability induced drought and to understand the local adaptation and mitigation strategies employed by the farmers. It is important to note that this study was conducted at a household level in the community of Siphocosini in Swaziland, which makes it unique, contrasting most research studies carried out at national level.
A household questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data for the study. The descriptive statistical analysis was employed to describe the households and the social effects of climate variability induced drought. The research results indicated that farmers in the community are responding to climate variability induced drought through the implementation of several local adaptation and mitigation strategies in an attempt to build resilience. The adaptation and mitigation strategies are influenced by a number of factors, which include farmer perceptions of climate variability, technology and access to information. The research findings further revealed that there is limited comprehensive awareness of climate variability, indicating a lack of support from the public sector and private sector towards subsistence farming in the community. From the results gathered in the study recommendations such as the promotion and implementation of drought and climate variability preparedness programmes, which can educate and empower farmers to effectively adapt and mitigate effects of weather extremes, are made. The study also recommends that the adaptation strategies implemented should have a participatory approach including existing local knowledge and resources
JONKER, Abraham Hendrik Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE 1914-1965; 187 Files; 6,00 Metres.
AUDIO CASSETTES IN PRIVATE COLLECTION = 1Private papers of A.H. Jonker, MP United Party, Cape Town Gardens [1948-1954], National Conservative Party, Cape Town Gardens [1954-1958], National Party, Fort Beaufort [1958-1966], author of several Afrikaans novels, father of poet Ingrid Jonker.
COVERAGE 1914-1965; 187 Files; 6,00 Metres
A history of Rhokana/Rokana Corporation and its Nkana Mine Division, 1928-1991
No full textEnglish: This dissertation is a detailed historical account of the corporate structure, labour relations and profitability of the Rhokana Corporation and its Nkana mine. Thematically and chronologically organised, it starts with the discovery of viable ores on the Copperbelt in the late 1920s, which attracted foreign capital from South Africa, Britain and the United States of America, prompting the development of the Nkana mine and the formation of the Rhokana Corporation in the early 1930s. The study concludes with the re-privatisation of the Zambian mining sector in 1991. It draws heavily from primary data housed in the Mineworkers’ Union of Zambia, National Archives of Zambia, United National Independence Party Archives and Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines Archives, as well as interviews with key players in the Zambian copper mining industry. In doing so, the thesis contributes to the historiography of the political economy of the copper industry in Zambia. While the subject’s existing historiography has examined themes of corporate structure, labour relations and profitability in isolation and for relatively short periods when assessing the development of the Northern Rhodesian/Zambian mining sector, this thesis combines all three themes in Rhokana/Nkana’s history, investigating them over a long time period in order to construct a detailed historical perspective.
The dissertation argues that Rhokana for a time was the most important mining entity in the Northern Rhodesian/Zambian mining industry. Rhokana was both an investment firm on the Copperbelt and a mining company through Nkana mine. The Corporation was consulting engineer to the mines owned by Rhodesian Anglo American Corporation on behalf of its parent company, the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa. It also invested in certain of the mines owned by the Rhodesian Selection Trust. Rhokana contributed significantly to the development of the copper industry in Zambia. Its corporate and labour policies influenced the Copperbelt as a whole. Employing the largest labour force in the mining sector, Rhokana spearheaded the labour movement on the Copperbelt. Its Nkana mine was also the largest producer of copper in the Northern Rhodesian mining industry between 1940 and 1953, and contributed hugely to the war economies of Britain and the United States of America. Throughout its history, Nkana was also a major source of cobalt. After nationalisation of the mining sector in 1970, Rhokana surrendered its investments in the wider copper industry, but remained central to the Copperbelt’s smelting and refining operations, owning the biggest metallurgical facilities in the industry. Through all of this, Rhokana’s corporate strategy evolved over time, as the Corporation cooperated with key stakeholders in the copper industry in order to safeguard its operations and profitability.Afrikaans: Hierdie verhandeling is ‘n gedetaileerde historiese weergawe van die korporatiewe struktuur, arbeidsverhoudings en winsgewendheid van die Rhokana Korporasie en sy Nkana myn. Dit is volgens temas en kronologiese gebeure gerangskik, dit begin met die ontdekking van lewensvatbare erts op die Copperbelt rif in die laat 1920’s, wat buitelandse kapitaal gelok het vanuit Suid Afrika, Britanje en Amerika. Dit het die ontwikkeling van die Nkana myn en die totstandkoming van die Rhokana Korporasie in die vroeë 1930’s tot gevolg gehad. Die studie sluit af met die aankondiging van die privatisering van die Zambiese myn sektor in 1991. Die verhandeling steun swaar op die primêre data wat gehuisves is by, onder andere, die Mynwerkers Unie van Zambië, die Nationale Argiewe van Zambië, die Verenigde Nationale Onafhanklike Party Argiewe en die Zambiese Gekonsolideerde Koper Myn Argiewe. Daar is ook gebruik gemaak van onderhoude met sleutel persone wat betrokke was by die Zambiese Koper myn industrie in die relevante tydperk. Hierdie tesis dra by tot die historiografie en die politieke ekonomie rondom die Koper myn industrie in Zambië. Die bestaande historiografie wat beskikbaar is bespreek die volgende temas, korporatiewe struktuur, arbeidsverhoudings en indivuele winsgewendheid wanneer hulle die ontwikkeling van die Noord Rhodesia/Zambiese myn sektor asseseer. Hierdie tesis kombineer die drie temas in die bespreking van die Rhokana/Nkana geskiedenis en ondersoek hulle oor ‘n lang tydperk om ‘n duidelike histioriese prespektief te vorm.
Die verhandeling argumenteer dat Rhokana die belangrikste myn entiteit in die hele Noord Rhodesia/Zambië myn industrie was. Rhokana was ‘n beleggings maatskappy en ook ‘n Copperbelt myn maatskappy wat Nkana besit het. Die Rhokana Korporasie was die konsulterende ingenieur vir al die myne wat deur die Rhodesian Anglo American Korporasie besit is, namens sy ouer maatskappy, die Anglo American Korporasie van Suid Afrika. Rhokana het aansienlik bygedra tot die ontwikkeling van die koper industrie in Zambië. Die arbeids beleide en die koproratiewe beleide wat Rhokana geimplimenteer het, het die Copperbelt as ‘n geheel beinvloed. Die Nkana myn was die grootste produsent van koper in die Noord Rhodesisiese myn industrie tussen 1940 en 1953, en het grootliks bygedra tot die oorlog ekonomie van byde Engeland en Amerika. Regdeur die geskiedenis van Nkana was die myn die grootste produsent van cobalt in die Copperbelt distrik. Na die myn genationaliseer is in 1970, het Rhokana sy belegging in die koper industrie verloor, maar het nog sentraal gebly as die grootste verskaffer van smeltoonde en verfynings werke vir die Copperbelt myne, omdat dit nog steeds die grootste fasiliteite besit het. Rhokana se korporatiewe strategie het ook oor tyd verander, omdat die myn met ander sleutelbelanghebbendes saamgewerk het om die veiligheid en winste van die bedrywighede te verseker
The impact of political interference in state-owned companies: a case study on SABC
No full textSubsequent to numerous corporate scandals worldwide, corporate governance of state owned companies (SOCs) has been a topic of interest in almost every household. As a result of these corporate failures, a number of countries adopted different codes with a view of safeguarding against similar events. Notwithstanding efforts by countries to develop guidelines on good corporate governance, the state of SOCs remains in agony. This mini-dissertation therefore tries to sketch out governance challenges facing the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC).
The mini-dissertation examined the impact of political interference in the running of the SABC, the legislative framework governing the SABC in order to assess its effectiveness and a brief overview of the SABC with a view to understand how the SABC is run and how it ended up being in the current crisis. The findings of the study include but not limited to poor leadership, irregular appointment of board members, and lack of autonomy by the board of directors and inefficient regulatory framework at the SABC. The study concludes that the SABC is characterised by corruption and lack of accountability which have been found to be barriers to implementing good corporate governance. In addition, the atmosphere at the SABC was found not conducive to the features of good corporate governance. The SABC is also subjected to numerous and complex legislation which sometime conflict with each other and hinders the SABC from executing its mandate
LATEGAN, H.A. Inventory of documents
No full textCOVERAGE: 1929, 1938; 0.10 metresContains inter alia documents of the NP Women’s League, Kimberle
Transforming higher education in South Africa through the creation of a music industry related Baccalaureate
No full textThis study has endeavoured to establish how the creation of a music industry (MI) related
baccalaureate could transform higher music education (HME) in South Africa (SA) to better
prepare graduates for jobs in the MI. The project set out to meet its objectives through a sixphase
process, as follows:
(I) In the first phase, a background study was conducted to determine the prevalence
of MI qualifications. The size of the creative industry and its employment trends,
opportunities and capacity were determined. Finally, trends in creative education
and education, in general, were established.
(II) In the second phase, the curriculum was defined, various curriculum development
and design methodologies were scrutinised, prominent educational reforms were
interrogated, the South African educational structures were reviewed and higher
music educational pathways, structures and trends were investigated.
(III) In the third phase, different music industry degrees, hosted at universities
internationally, were inspected and reviewed to establish the content, assessment,
outcomes, aims, rules of engagement, module distribution, articulation and
generally to determine how these qualifications are constructed.
(IV) In the fourth phase, a needs assessment was conducted, in which I assembled and
interviewed a group of 10 leading South African music industry stakeholders. In the
interview process, I undertook to determine if a need exists for a music industry
degree for the South African context, the needs of the South African music industry
and the transformative value of such a qualification for students, the business and
music education (ME).
(V) Following from the findings of phases I-IV, I designed a curriculum framework based
on research conducted and suggestions offered by the stakeholder group.
(VI) In the sixth phase, an additional group of South African music industry insiders was
interviewed to gain further comments on the form and structure of the framework,
and to establish if, in their expert opinions, the curriculum designed would have a
transformative effect on ME, graduates and the music industry in South Africa.
Finally, based on the research conducted and stakeholder groups consulted,
conclusions and recommendations were made.
The designed framework was created to inspire discussion regarding the introduction of MI
education in SA and may result in the creation of an MI related qualification.
Various elements of the framework aimed specifically to encourage transformation, open up
HME to a broader audience and better prepare graduates for non-performing careers in music.
These may be summarised as follows:
(a) As the qualification is not strictly a music qualification, the lowering of the barrier to
entry is justifiable, as students do not require prior access to a formal ME which will
make the programme more accessible than typical degrees in music, to a more
significant and diverse number of students, ensuring the future sustainability of music
departments.
(b) The practical application of work taught in class, through interventions such as
internships, will give students access to interactions with music students and the music
profession, allowing them to gain a greater understanding of the interdisciplinary nature
of the industry. This practical application will instil in them the ability to be adaptable
and flexible in this continually evolving industry and will improve their chances of finding
gainful employment which will also result in a dynamic and flexible curriculum that will
remain in tune with current developments, because of its consistent interaction with the
MI.
(c) By having access to entrepreneurial and humanities training, students will be able to
better lead the industry, by identifying gaps in the market, establishing structures to
deal with these gaps, generating more significant employment opportunities and having
access to a more profound depth of knowledge, allowing them to be more creative.
(d) Finally, students will have access to music creation modules, giving them a better
understanding of the music creation process, facilitating communication between the
industry and creatives, allowing for the creation of more internationally competitive
output and individuals who are more invested in promoting musicians’ creative output.
Based on the above and through a process of consultation with the two sample groups, it was
concluded that the introduction of an MI related baccalaureate at SA universities might have a
transformative effect on HME, the MI and graduates seeking employment