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Necrotising migratory erythema leading to the diagnosis of a metastatic glucagonoma without diabetes
No full textA case of necrotising migratory erythema (NME), which is one of the distinctive paraneoplastic skin manifestations associated with the glucagonoma syndrome, is described and discussed. In 80% of all patients with glucagonoma, NME is the first clinical sign. The glucagonoma syndrome is a constellation of clinical features: NME, weight loss, anaemia, diabetes, diarrhoea, thromboembolism and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The global incidence of glucagonoma is one in 20 million people per year. The male to female ratio is 0.8: 1 with the mean age of diagnosis being 52.2 years. The median time in relation to the initial onset of symptoms and the correct diagnosis is 3.5 years. The IO-year survival rate in patients with metastatic disease is 51.6% and without metastatic disease 64.3%. SPECT scan has a sensitivity range of 67-100% for detecting neuroendocrine tumours. Differential diagnoses of other skin conditions that mimic NME are: bullous pemphigoid, vasculitis, acrodermatitis enteropathica, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, pellagra, inflammatory bowel disease, liver cirrhosis, coeliac disease, chemical bums, eczema, herpes etc. A satisfactory response to somatostatin as medical therapy in a casestudy patient with metastatic disease is reported
A new model for groundwater transport in dual media
No full textThe concept of differentiation has been the most used mathematical concept to express change of physical problems in time and space. The concept has been used in many disciplines in the last decades, for instance, in groundwater pollution problems. The movement of pollution within the subsurface have been a worry among researchers, as such has serious impact on health since many people of different background rely of subsurface water for commercial and domestic use. One of the breakout of the groundwater pollution is perhaps the Love Canal scenario that led to the loss of many lives of human beings and animals. A Mathematical models that take into account the dispersion advection was introduced, used and modified with the aim to better depict such movement. However, this model and its modified versions were not able to replicate the anomalous movement of pollution as they were constructed with assumption that the geological formation is homogeneous. Another limitation of such models is to assume that the dispersion and advection coefficients are constant within and across the aquifer. However, it is worth noting that a mathematical model will accurately replicate the observed facts, if and only, the conversion from observation to mathematical formulas has taken into account of the main parameters of the real world problem. Additionally and more importantly, the advection dispersion equation does not provide us with transaction from matrix soil to fracture or the reverse. Neglection of such aspect could lead to incomplete and inaccurate model. Finally, the effect of variation of fracture aperture are not included into the mathematical model. Therefore such model can’t really be used for aquifers with complex system. In this thesis, an attempt to solve and extend the limitations of the classical advection dispersion equation is initiated. The new proposed model takes into account the transition of movement from matrix to fracture, this help to obtain a new mathematical model with variable dispersion and advection. The numerical simulations obtained from this model using classical differentiation with variable dispersion and advection let no doubt to believe that the variation of dispersion and advection coefficient play a crucial role to depict the effect of change in fracture aperture size. Beside, this new step forward, to capture the effect of elasticity of the geological formation, the well-known Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative was utilised to extend the classical model. Also to include the effect of fracture, a differential operator based on power law kernel was used to extend the classical advection dispersion equation with variable coefficient. Finally the Atangana-Baleanu differential operators was used to build a model with cross-over property. For each case a new numerical scheme was used to solve the model and numerical simulations were performed for different values of fractional orders and variable coefficients. This new model will open new doors of investigations toward modeling the movement of subsurface water. Additionally, a new software better than FeFlow could be constructed
A sustainable teacher leadership implementation plan for Lesotho high schools
No full textThesis (Ph.D.(Education Management and Leadership))--University of the Free State, 2020Addressing the problem of teacher leadership practices in Lesotho high schools and the lack of leadership succession plans when the principals leave the office due to retirement or ill health, is a long-standing phenomenon, which has not adequately been addressed. In this study, the researcher explored the influence of teacher leadership practice on improving the leadership succession in schools, further aimed at assisting school leaders to foster teacher leadership in their learning spaces, in order to ensure that teacher leadership practices may be used to support leadership succession. Literature searches highlighting national and international studies were conducted to elucidate the factors influencing the implementation of teacher leadership and the legislative and policy practices related to teacher leadership as well as how teacher leadership can impact the functioning of leadership succession in Lesotho high schools. To best explain the natural progression of the phenomenon under study, namely teacher leadership and leadership succession, a conceptual framework was applied in which the relevant variables for the study were clearly mapped out and presented visually. The study employed a qualitative approach as to how a teacher leadership implementation plan may be effective in improving leadership succession in schools. Individual, in-depth interviews and focus group interviews were employed to collect data from participants. They comprised of two district education managers (DEMs): one from Berea district and one from Maseru district, the principals, deputy principals, head of departments of eight high schools, as well as Grade 10-12 teachers, chosen from four high schools in the Berea district and four high schools in the Maseru district of Lesotho.
Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Preliminary codes were assigned to the data to describe the content after which patterns (themes) across the different interviews were identified. Themes were reviewed, defined and named. Key findings of the investigation revealed that teacher leadership practice that leads to leadership succession, is not adequately practiced at Lesotho high schools and that teachers require leadership strategies to implement in their classrooms and to effectively part-take in leadership succession planning in schools. Currently leadership succession planning workshops are not provided by the Ministry of Education and Training (MoET) for teachers and principals in Lesotho schools. The findings further revealed that the Education Act, 2010, Section 21 and the Teaching Service Regulations 2002, as well as the School Supervision and Management Regulations of 1988, are dated and need to be revised to include teacher leadership and succession planning for high schools. Additionally, Continuous Professional Development (CPD) within the high schools seems limited where teachers are provided with a limited scope to grow within their profession. This is an avenue where the MoET may explore the development of teacher leadership and subsequent programmes in this regard. Finally, this study proposes a sustainable teacher leadership implementation plan, which may assist schools in Lesotho to address teacher leadership and promote sustain leadership succession within in the school system. In addition, it may stand teachers and school leaders in good stead to develop progressive teaching and learning strategies as well as sustain leadership succession in Lesotho high schools.
___________________________________________________________________Om die probleem van onderwyserleierskappraktyke in Lesotho-hoërskole aan te spreek asook die gebrek aan leierskapopvolgplanne wanneer die skoolhoofde die kantoor verlaat weens aftrede of swak gesondheid, is 'n langdurige verskynsel wat nie voldoende aangespreek word nie. In hierdie studie het die navorser die invloed van onderwyserleierskapspraktyke op die verbetering van die leierskapopvolging in skole ondersoek, wat verder daarop gemik is om skoolleiers by te staan om onderwyserleierskap in hul leerruimtes te bevorder, ten einde te verseker dat onderwyserleierskappraktyke gebruik kan word om leierskapopvolging te ondersteun. Literatuursoektogte wat nasionale en internasionale studies uitlig, is uitgevoer om die faktore wat die implementering van onderwyserleierskap en die wetgewende en beleidpraktyke met betrekking tot onderwyserleierskap beïnvloed, toe te lig, asook hoe onderwyserleierskap die funksionering van leierskapopvolging in Lesotho hoërskole kan beïnvloed. Om die natuurlike ontwikkeling van die verskynsel wat bestudeer word, naamlik onderwyserleierskap en leierskapopvolging, die beste te verduidelik, is 'n konseptuele raamwerk toegepas waarin die relevante veranderlikes vir die studie duidelik uitgestippel en visueel aangebied is. Die studie het 'n kwalitatiewe benadering aangewend oor hoe 'n onderwyserleierskap-implementeringsplan effektief kan wees om leierskapopvolging in skole te verbeter. Individuele, in-diepte onderhoude en fokusgroeponderhoude is gebruik om data van deelnemers in te samel. Hulle het bestaan uit twee distriksonderwysbestuurders (DEM's): een van die Berea-distrik en een van die Maseru-distrik; die skoolhoofde, adjunkhoofde en departementshoofde van agt hoërskole; sowel as graad 10-12-onderwysers, gekies uit vier hoërskole in die Berea-distrik en vier hoërskole in die Maseru-distrik van Lesotho. ’n Tematiese analise is gebruik om die data te ontleed.
Voorlopige kodes is aan die data toegeken om die inhoud te beskryf waarna patrone (temas) oor die verskillende onderhoude geïdentifiseer is. Temas is hersien, gedefinieer en benoem. Sleutelbevindinge van die ondersoek het aan die lig gebring dat ’n onderwyserleierskappraktyk wat lei tot leierskapopvolging, nie voldoende by Lesotho-hoërskole beoefen word nie en dat onderwysers leierskapstrategieë benodig om in hul klaskamers te implementeer en om effektief deel te neem aan leierskapopvolgbeplanning in skole. Tans word leierskapopvolgbeplanningswerksessies nie deur die Ministerie van Onderwys en Opleiding (MoET) vir onderwysers en skoolhoofde in Lesotho-skole verskaf nie. Die bevindinge het verder aan die lig gebring dat die Onderwyswet, 2010, Artikel 21 en die Onderwysdiensregulasies 2002, sowel as die Skooltoesig- en Bestuursregulasies van 1988, oud is en hersien moet word om onderwyserleierskap en opvolgbeplanning vir hoërskole in te sluit. Boonop blyk Deurlopende Professionele Ontwikkeling (VPO) binne die hoërskole beperk te wees waar onderwysers 'n beperkte ruimte gebied word om in hul beroep te groei. Dit is 'n manier waarvolgens die ministerie die ontwikkeling van onderwyserleierskap en daaropvolgende programme in hierdie verband kan ondersoek. Laastens stel hierdie studie 'n volhoubare onderwyserleierskap-implementeringsplan voor, wat skole in Lesotho kan help om onderwyserleierskap aan te spreek en volhoubare leierskapopvolging binne die skoolstelsel te bevorder. Boonop kan dit onderwysers en skoolleiers ten goede te staan kom om progressiewe onderrig- en leerstrategieë te ontwikkel en leierskapsopvolging in Lesotho hoërskole te handhaaf.
___________________________________________________________________Ho rarolla bothata ba boetapele ba matitjhere mane dikolong tse phahameng tsa Lesotho esita le ho hlokeha ha moralo wa tatellano haeba mesuwehlooho e tlohela ofisi ka lebaka la ho phomola mosebetsing kapa ho beha meja fatshe kapa ho fokollwa ke bophelo ka lebaka la ho kula, ke bothata ba nako e telele bo sa rarollwang ka tshwanelo. Diphuputsong tsena, mofuputsi o sibolotse tshwaetso ya boetapele ba matitjhere bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa boetapele dikolong, e le bo reretsweng ho thusa baetapele ba sekolo ho latella hore ho be le boetapele ba matitjhere dibakeng tsa bona tsa ho ithuta, e le ho etsa bonnete ba hore mesebetsi ena ya boetapele ba matitjhere e ka sebediswa ho tshehetsa tatelano ya boetapele. Diphuputso tsa dingolwa tse toboketsang dithuto tsa naha le tsa matjhaba di ile tsa etswa e le ho hlahisa dintlha tse tshwaetsang tshebediso ya boetapele ba matitjhere le mesebetsi ya molao le maano a amanang le boetapele ba matitjhere esita le kamoo boetapele ba matitjhere bo ka bang le sekgahla sa tshebetso ya tatelano ya boetapele ka teng dikolong tse phahameng tsa Lesotho. E le ho hlalosa ka tshwanelo tswelopele ya bothata bona bo hlahlojwang, e leng boetapele ba matitjhere le tatelano ya boetapele, moralo wa mohopolo ona o ile wa sebediswa, e leng moo dintlha tse fapaneng tsa diphuputso tsena di ileng tsa hlakiswa hantle mme tsa hlahiswa pepeneneng. Diphuputso tsena di sebedisa mokgwa wa katamelo wa ho iphumanela ka bowena kamoo moralo wa tshebediso ya boetapele ba matitjhere o ka bang hlwahlwa ho ntlafatsa tatelano ya boetapele dikolong. Dipuisano tsa motho ka mong, dipuisano tse tebileng, esita le dipuisano mabapi le dihlopha tsa tekolo, di ile tsa sebediswa bakeng sa ho bokella dintlha tsa diphuputso ho bankakarolo. Tsona di ne di kenyeleditse balaodi ba babedi ba thuto ba setereke (di-DEM): a le mong o tswa seterekeng sa Berea athe e mong o tswa seterekeng sa Maseru, mesuwehlooho, batlatsi ba mesuwehlooho, dihlooho tsa mafapha a dikolo tse robedi tse phahameng, esita le matitjhere a Kereiti tsa 10 ho isa ho 12, tse kgethilweng ho tswa dikolong tse nne tse phahameng tsa setereke sa Berea le dikolo tse nne tse phahameng tsa setereke sa Maseru mane Lesotho. Tshekatsheko ya mookotaba kapa molaetsa e sebedisitswe ho sekaseka dintlha tsa diphuputso. Ho sebedisitswe dikhoutu esale pele bakeng sa dintlha tseo tsa diphuputso mme kamora moo ha hlwauwa dipaterone kapa melaetsa dipuisanong tse fapaneng.
Melaetsa e ile ya lekolwa botjha, ya hlaloswa ya ba ya rehellwa. Diphihlello tse kgolo tsa patlisiso di senotse hore boetapele ba matitjhere bo lebisang tatelanong ya boetapele, ha bo sebediswe ka tshwanelo dikolong tse phahameng tsa Lesotho le hore matitjhere a batla mekgwa ya boetapele e ka sebediswang ka hara phaposi ya borutelo le ho ba le seabo se hlwahlwa bakeng sa moralo wa tatelano ya boetapele dikolong. Ha jwale Lefapha la Thuto le Kwetliso (MoET) ha le na diwekeshopo tsa moralo wa tatelano ya boetapele bakeng sa matitjhere le mesuwehlooho dikolong tsa Lesotho. Diphihlello di senotse hore Molao wa Thuto wa 2010, Karolo ya 21 esita le Melawana ya Tshebeletso ya Ho ruta ya selemo sa 2002, esita le School Supervision and Management Regulations ya selemo sa 1988, e beilwe mme e lokela ho ntlafatswa ho kenyeletsa boetapele ba matitjhere le moralo wa tatelano bakeng sa dikolo tse phahameng. Ho eketsa mona, Continuous Professional Development (CPD) ka hara dikolo tse phahameng e bonahala e haella ka lebaka la hobane matitjhere a filwe monyetla o fokolang wa ho tswela pele ka hara mosebetsi wa bona. Ena ke karolo eo MoET e ka sibollang tswelopele ya boetapele ba matitjhere le mananeo a latelang mabapi le sena. Qetellong diphuputso tsena di kgothaletsa hore ho be le moralo wa tshebediso ya boetapele bo tshwarellang ba matitjhere bo ka thusang dikolo tsa Lesotho ho rarolla mathata a boetapele le ho ntshetsa pele esita le ho tiisa tatelano ya boetapele ka hara tshebetso ya sekolo. Ho eketsa mona, hona ho ka beha matitjhere le baetapele ba sekolo maemong a matle bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele mekgwa e atlehileng ya ho ruta le ho ithuta esita le ho nnetefatsa hore ho ba le boetapele bo tshwarellang esita le tatelano ya boetapele dikolong tse phahameng tsa Lesotho.
___________________________________________________________________Ukubhekana nenkinga yemikhuba yobuholi bothisha ezikoleni zamabanga aphakeme eLesotho kanye nokushoda kwezinhlelo zokulandela ubuholi lapho othishanhloko bephuma ezikhundleni ngenxa yokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ukugula, yinto osekunesikhathi eside ingaxazululeki, engalungiswanga ngokwanele. Kulolu cwaningo, umcwaningi uhlole umthelela wokwenza ubuholi bothisha ekwenzeni ngcono ukulandelana kobuholi ezikoleni, okuhloswe ngakho ukusiza abaholi bezikole ukuthi bakhuthaze ubuholi bothisha ezindaweni zabo zokufunda, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindlela zobuholi bothisha zingasetshenziswa ukweseka ubuholi. Ukusesha kwezincwadi okugqamisa izifundo zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe kwenziwa ukuze kucaciswe izici ezinomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kobuholi bothisha kanye nezinqubo zomthetho nezinqubomgomo ezihlobene nobuholi bothisha kanye nokuthi ubuholi bothisha bungaba nomthelela kanjani ekusebenzeni kokulandelana kobuholi ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu eLesotho. Ukuchaza kangcono ukuqhubeka kwemvelo kwesenzo esicwaningwayo, okungubuholi bukathisha nokulandelana kobuholi, kwasetshenziswa uhlaka lomqondo lapho okuguquguqukayo okufanelekile ocwaningweni kwaklanywa ngokucacile futhi kwethulwa ngokubukeka. Ucwaningo lusebenzise indlela esezingeni lokuthi uhlelo lokuqalisa ubuholi bothisha lungasebenza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni ukulandelana kobuholi ezikoleni. Kwasetshenziswa inhlolokhono yomuntu ngamunye, ejulile kanye nezingxoxo zamaqembu ukuze kuqoqwe idatha kubahlanganyeli.
Bahlanganisa izimenenja zemfundo zezifunda ezimbili (DEMs): oyedwa wesifunda saseBerea noyedwa owesifunda saseMaseru, othishanhloko, amaphini othishanhloko, izinhloko zeminyango yezikole zamabanga aphezulu eziyisishiyagalombili, nothisha bebanga le-10 kuya kwele-12, abakhethwe ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu ezine, esifundeni saseBerea kanye nezikole ezine zamabanga aphezulu esifundeni saseMaseru eLesotho. Ukuhlaziywa kwengqikithi kusetshenziswe ukuhlaziya idatha. Amakhodi okuqala anikezwe idatha ukuchaza okuqukethwe ngemva kwalokho amaphethini (ezingqikithi) kuzo zonke izingxoxiswano ezihlukene atholwa. Izindikimba zabuyekezwa, zachazwa futhi zaqanjwa. Okutholwe okubalulekile ophenyweni kuveze ukuthi ubuholi bothisha obuholela ekulandeleni ubuholi, alwenziwa ngokwanele ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu eLesotho nokuthi othisha badinga amasu obuholi ukuze bawasebenzise emakilasini abo kanye nokubamba iqhaza ngempumelelo ezinhlelweni zokulandelana kobuholi ezikoleni. Njengamanje imihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi yokuhlela ukuhlaliswa kobuholi ayihlinzekiwe nguMnyango Wezemfundo Nokuqeqesha (i-MoET) kothisha nothishanhloko ezikoleni zaseLesotho. Okunye okutholakele kuveze ukuthi uMthetho wezeMfundo, wezi-2010, iSigaba 21 kanye neMithethonqubo Yezinkonzo Zokufundisa ka-2002, kanye neMithethonqubo yokuPhatha nokuPhathwa kweSikole ka-1988, ziphelelwe isikhathi futhi kudingeka zibuyekezwe ukuze kufakwe ubuholi bothisha kanye nokuhlelwa kokulandelana kwezikole eziphakeme. Ukwengeza, i-Continuous Professional Development (CPD) ngaphakathi kwezikole zamabanga aphezulu ibonakala ilinganiselwe lapho othisha benikezwa indawo elinganiselwe ukuze bakhule ngaphakathi komkhakha wabo. Lena indlela lapho i-MoET ingase ihlole khona ukuthuthukiswa kobuholi bothisha kanye nezinhlelo ezilandelayo mayelana nalokhu. Okokugcina, lolu cwaningo luphakamisa uhlelo olusimeme lokusebenzisa ubuholi bothisha, olungasiza izikole zaseLesotho ukubhekana nobuholi bothisha futhi lukhuthaze ukulandelana kobuholi ngaphakathi ohlelweni lwesikole. Ukwengeza, kungase kumise othisha nabaholi bezikole esikhundleni esihle ukuthuthukisa amasu okufundisa nokufunda aqhubekayo kanye nokusimamisa ukulandelana kobuholi ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu eLesotho.
___________________________________________________________________University of the Free State, Post Graduate Schoo
A student review of doctor-patient communication skills training in the UFS undergraduate medical programme
No full textʼn Korpusgebaseerde ondersoek na kohesiepatrone as moontlike stilistiese kenmerk van outeurstyl
No full textWriters leave a trail behind when they write a text because individuals have preferences for certain linguistic items (Louwerse, 2004:307). In theory, this means that texts can be identified as the work of a specific author, based on his or her linguistic choices. The identification of an author as the producer of a certain text, is a part of the academic field of authorship attribution studies. Joula (2008:249-251) suggests that there are certain aspects within authorship attribution studies which remain uncertain. These aspects mainly relate to making the most appropriate decisions about methodology when conducting authorship attribution studies. Another aspect he (Joula, 2008:249-251) mentions relates to the choice of linguistic item to be studied as possible indication of authorship. Both the question about appropriate methodological considerations and that of an (linguistic) indication of authorship is explored in this study. This study mainly aims to investigate whether the use of cohesive devices in a text (or texts) can be an indication of authorship. It also attempts to describe the way(s) in which the use and distribution of cohesion links can be used as a basis in authorship attribution studies. The fives types of cohesive devices as described by, among others, Halliday and Hasan (1976) will be used as linguistic variables to show possible authorship. These categories include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctions and lexical cohesion. As an additional aspect to the research, the way in which cohesion links appear in two texts types (and not just the texts of two different authors) is also described. A corpus-based methodology was followed to study the use of cohesive devices in the texts of two popular Afrikaans authors, André le Roux and Dana Snyman. The corpus for this study consisted of four sub-corpora, namely columns and short stories by Dana Snyman and columns and short stories by André le Roux. The data analysis process was made up of different stages, namely the tagging of cohesive linguistic items, sorting of the tags by means of computer software (WordSmith Tools), classifying the sorted tags to indicate the type of cohesion and statistically analysising of the use of cohesive devices. The above-mentioned statistical analysis consisted of multiple stages (just like the process of data analysis) with the goal of systematically and reliably identifying and delineating relevant data. In each stage a dataset was analysed by means of a specific statistical test to identify parts of the dataset which could be unique to the author or text type in question. Data that were identified as a result of the statistical analysis became the dataset for the subsequent stage of statistical analysis. This process is explained in the flow diagram at the beginning of Chapter 6. Through this process relevant data (as identified by statistical analysis) could be used for relevant statistical tests in order to optimize the process of statistical analysis and improve efficiency. After the literature review, data analysis and various stages of the analyses, the nature of cohesive devices as an element of language variation between the texts of the two authors mentioned is discussed. A reflection of the methodological and statistical approaches of this study forms part of the final chapter, together with a discussion of the implications of the findings and recommendations for future research.Skrywers laat ʼn spoor van hul outeurskap agter wanneer hulle ʼn teks skryf, aangesien elke persoon ʼn voorkeur vir sekere linguistiese items het (Louwerse, 2004:207). Dit beteken in teorie dat tekste uitmekaar geken kan word as die werk van ʼn spesifieke skrywer, op grond van sy/haar toepassing of gebruik van sekere linguistiese items. Hierdie identifisering van die outeur van ʼn spesifieke teks val onder die studieveld van outeurskapidentifikasie. Joula (2008:249-251) stel aspekte binne outeurskapstudies voor waaroor daar nog sekerheid verkry moet word. Hierdie aspekte hou grootliks verband met die kies van gepaste metodologiese benaderings in die veld van outeurskapstudie. ʼn Ander aspek wat Joula (2008:249-251) noem, is die keuse van linguistiese item wat die beste aanduier van outeurskap sou wees. Beide die ʼn metodologiese oorwegings en die (linguistiese) aanduier van outeurskap is in hierdie studie ondersoek.
In hierdie studie word hoofsaaklik ondersoek of die gebruik van kohesieskakels in ʼn teks (of tekste) ʼn aanduier kan wees van outeurskap. Daar is ook gepoog om te beskryf op watter manier(e) die voorkoms van kohesieskakels ʼn basis kan bied vir outeurskapstudies. Die vyf tipes kohesieskakels soos, onder andere, deur Halliday en Hasan (1976) uiteengesit, is as moontlike tekens van outeurstyl ondersoek. Hierdie vyf tipes is verwysing, substitusie, ellips, konjunksie en leksikale kohesie. As addisionele aspek van die navorsing, is die voorkoms van kohesieskakels in twee tekstipes (en nie net die tekste van onderskeie skrywers nie), ook beskryf. ʼn Korpusgebaseerde benadering is gevolg in ʼn ondersoek na die voorkoms van kohesieskakels in die tekste van twee populêre Afrikaanse skrywers, naamlik André le Roux en Dana Snyman. Die korpus wat vir hierdie studie gebruik is, het uit vier subkorpusse bestaan, naamlik kortverhale en rubrieke van Dana Snyman en kortverhale en rubrieke van André le Roux en rubrieke van André le Roux. Die data-analiseproses het uit verskeie fases bestaan, naamlik etikettering van kohesief-verwante items, sortering van etikette met die hulp van rekenaarsagteware (WordSmith Tools), klassifikasie van etikette (vir tipes kohesieskakels) en statistiese analise van die voorkoms van die kohesieskakels. Die bogenoemde statistiese analise het ook uit verskeie fases bestaan (net soos die data-analiseproses) wat hoofsaaklik die sistematiese en geldige afbakening van relevante data ten doel gehad het. Tydens elke fase is ʼn datastel aan ʼn spesifieke statistiese toets onderwerp, ten einde potensiële uniekhede in elke subkorpus te identifiseer. Data wat na afloop van die betrokke statistiese toets geïdentifiseer is, is dan in die volgende fase van die statistiese ontleding gebruik. Die resultate van elke fase het dus as die basis gedien vir die volgende fase van ondersoek soos duidelik blyk in die vloeidiagram aan die begin van hoofstuk 6. Deur hierdie proses is daar gepoog om relevante data (soos deur statistiese analise aangedui is) aan relevante statistiese toetsing te onderwerp en sodoende ʼn meer doeltreffende werkswyse te volg. Op grond van die literatuurstudie, data-analise en statistiese analiseresultate is die aard van kohesieskakels as element van variasie tussen outeurs se skryfstyl bespreek. Daar is ook gereflekteer oor die nut van die metodologiese benadering en statistiese analise wat in hierdie studie gevolg is en aanbevelings vir toekomstige studies, is gemaak
Sociodemographic factors and their influence on school health and HIV programmes: the case of Lesotho
No full textMany adolescents and young people approach adulthood faced with conflicting and confusing messages about sexuality, gender, and culture. These are often exacerbated by embarrassment, reprimanding, silence, and disapproval of open discussion of sexual matters. These young people, often school-going, are affected by many challenges, and in various ways. Some of these challenges include HIV, high morbidity, premature deaths, orphan hood and early and unintended pregnancy (EUP), among other challenges. These are more pronounced in Lesotho, as the country has the second highest HIV prevalence globally. Moreover, they are exacerbated by the high levels of other communicable and non-communicable diseases, social inequalities, and economic challenges. The education sector is facing considerable challenges due to the high HIV prevalence among adolescents and youth, increasing levels of school-related gender-based violence, as well as the large number of teenage pregnancies among school-going adolescents and young people. In Lesotho, and in most countries in Southern Africa, young people are reported to have their sexual debut from as early as 12 years. School settings therefore provide an important opportunity to reach large numbers of young people with HIV prevention, treatment and impact mitigation programmes through integrated school health and Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) programmes, offering an appropriate structure through the formal curriculum. Although the education sector has been responding to these challenges, glaring gaps continue to surface. These are mainly related to the social and cultural dynamics about educating young people about health, sex, sexuality, HIV and other social issues. Among the various sociodemographic factors, this study critically analyses how gender and culture specifically, affect and influence school health and HIV programmes, with a specific focus on comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) within schools. It highlights the key health issues and challenges, as well as other critical social issues facing adolescents. Furthermore, it continues to narrate the nature and scope of school-based health and HIV prevention programmes in Lesotho. It draws special attention to the relationship between sociodemographic factors and the education sector; and highlights how the selected sociodemographic factors influence and affect school health and HIV programmes, specifically sexuality education. It then concludes with recommending a culturally sensitive and gender transformative implementation framework that can be adopted to contextualise responses to the HIV epidemic and enhance CSE implementation, as it emphasises what is required for effective health and HIV programmes in schools. The findings revealed that the roles, attributes, behaviours, and level of comfort of parents / guardians and teachers highly affect the success of school health and sexuality education programmes. The curriculum content should be informed by prevalent, gender transformative and culturally sensitive materials and issues, with learners and communities also contributing to the development of the curriculum and strategies to roll it out. Emphasis is placed on the need for deeper and more meaningful content within the curriculum, as well as the continuous updating of key health topics, such as menstrual health management (MHM), which is a glaring gap in the current curriculum. Finally, for school health and sexuality education programmes to be effective, meaningful, and efficient, they should be implemented alongside youth-friendly health services. For them to have considerable impact, these programmes should look beyond the individual to the society, addressing not only safer sexual practices, but underlying contextual issues, such as gender inequality and culture. These factors include parental involvement in school-based health and HIV programmes; community involvement in the review of curricula; and stakeholder perceptions about the key issues around sexuality and related challenges
Influence of stakeholder management on project success in the Northern Cape Operating Units (NCOU) projects of eskom
No full textDissertation (MBA (Business Administration))--University of the Free State, 2020The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of stakeholder management on project success in Eskom NCOU since the year 2000. Eskom is South Africa's electricity public utility, as well as the largest producer of electricity in Africa. The company has implemented a variety of projects to increase its capacity and to ensure that all plants are fully maintained and operating at optimum levels. Eskom has not been engaging properly with its stakeholders and that has resulted in delays of project deliveries as well as work stoppages. In addition, this has caused social unrest among citizens in various municipalities. The objectives of the study were to ascertain the influence of stakeholder management on projects. The historical background and objectives of the stakeholder management on Eskom projects were explained through the literature review. The instrument used to collect data in this research was semi-structured interviews. The research study unearthed that at Eskom, the use of stakeholder management is important, as it fosters relationships and communication crucial for driving projects, and also that stakeholder management improves motivation and decreases conflict. The research determined that stakeholders can play several roles in a project life cycle. The findings showed that the management of stakeholders plays a pivotal role in ensuring project success. The findings also revealed that the participants agreed that project managers should have a stakeholder management plan that is all-encompassing. The recommendations suggest that the general management of project stakeholders and project success is enhanced by improving both the project and the environment that promote the needs of project stakeholders. Effective communication between stakeholders and project leaders plays a pivotal role in ensuring that projects succeed. Project leaders should identify key stakeholders that have the capacity to stall or stop projects. They need to work hand in hand with stakeholders and address their concerns as much as possible
Perceptions of South African chartered accountants' and registered auditors' value in investment decision making
No full textDissertation (MBA (Business Administration))--University of the Free State, 2020The purpose of this study is to establish if asset management firms, as a select group of investors, perceive the work of Chartered Accountants (CAs) and Registered Auditors (RAs) to be valuable in the investment decision making process. The study conceptualised value through literature review. The study further seeks to gather recommendations for improving or maintaining the investors’ perceptions of South African Chartered Accountants’ and Registered Auditors’ value in the investment decision-making process. A qualitative research approach that allowed multiple individuals or participants, who experience similar events to tell their stories without any distortions or persecutions, was followed. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview approach. The open-ended questions embedded in interview questions allowed responses that gave breadth and representative coverage. A semi-structured interview was the most appropriate research approach to complement the qualitative research design. The method allows the researcher to collect open-ended data, to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about the research topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.
A total of 11 out of 23 participants that were considered for the study were interviewed. The analysis of the data gathered during the interview indicated that investors considered qualified CAs or RAs to be competent professionals. The investors considered that it is through the qualification and competencies of CAs and RAs that the CAs and RAs provide the services that provide value for investment decision making. The information relevant for investment decision making includes audited financial information. Where necessary, it was considered that CAs and RAs need to make use of specialists when executing their roles to ensure adequate value is realised. In terms of investor expectations and value, it was noted that investors consider CAs and RAs to be generally ethical professionals. The investors expect RAs to be independent when conducting audit responsibilities. To ensure independence, the investors advocate for Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation (MAFR). As a result, CAs and RAs are not considered to be generally corrupt or professionals who engage in acts of misconduct.
The participants recommend action, which includes harsher penalties and sanctions against CAs or RAs who are found guilty of misconduct. The study recommended further studies to be done to: 1) determine if there are professionals with qualifications other than those of CAs and RAs who can provide value equivalent to that which is being provided by CAs and RAs in investment decision making; 2) determine if the transparency of audit approaches followed by auditors adds value to the investment decision-making process; and to 3) deduce quantitative and qualitative materiality from an investor perspective when it comes to investment decision making.The results of this study add to the existing body of knowledge about the work of CAs and RAs, including its relevance to the investment decision-making process. The results of this study could also assist the Independent Regulatory Board on Auditors (IRBA) and the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants (SAICA) in identifying ways to sustain or enhance the professional reputation of the accounting and auditing profession. The SAICA can use the findings of the study to make informed decisions on training, products and services for the development of SAICA members, specifically in the Investment industry
Risk factors and shoulder dysfunction in elite male fast bowlers in South Africa
No full textCricket is one of the world’s most popular sports. Cricketers are playing exponentially more matches due to the rise of wealth and opportunity, leaving modern-day fast bowlers at greater risk of injury. The aim of this study was to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for shoulder dysfunction among elite male fast bowlers, 18 years and older, in South Africa. This descriptive observational cross-sectional study utilised a non-randomised, convenience sampling method, recruiting 33 elite male South African fast bowlers as study participants. Data collection entailed a modified Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) Shoulder and Elbow questionnaire, which was completed by each participant and an assessment procedure including the measurement of shoulder range of motion and stability, which was conducted by the researcher to determine the intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for shoulder dysfunction in the participants. Data collection took place at the cricket stadiums which hosted the Knights team during the 2018/2019 domestic cricket season. Twenty-three participants (69.7%) were included in the shoulder dysfunction group and ten participants (30.3%) into the non-shoulder dysfunction group after classification by the researcher. Classification into the two groups were based on information obtained from the questionnaire and assessment procedure and participants meeting the conceptual definition of shoulder dysfunction as stated for this study. Results suggest that 23 (78.3%) participants in the shoulder dysfunction group were playing at franchise level, whereas 7 (70%) participants in the non-shoulder dysfunction group played at a provincial level. A higher chronic (1350) and acute (1175) bowling workload value was found within the non-shoulder dysfunction group, compared to the chronic (900) and acute (320) bowling workload values of 900 and 320 in the shoulder dysfunction group. Fast bowlers should be screened by the team physiotherapist regularly for early detection of risk factors, particularly those playing at a higher level and who have completed more seasons. A greater understanding and awareness of the identified risk factors will improve current fast bowler injury prevention strategies, ultimately improving the quality of cricket
Drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-infected infants and in children and adolescents with virological failure on ART
No full textIntroduction and aim: South Africa has never experienced an epidemic of the same extent and magnitude as the one with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).The roll out of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and other interventions, such as prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT), has greatly reduced the incidence of new HIV infections among children. However, early initiation of ART among children has increased their overall exposure to antiretrovirals (ARVs), resulting in an increased prevalence of acquired drug resistance (ADR) on treatment. Presence of drug resistant virus further complicates clinical management of HIV infection, resulting in fewer present and future treatment options. Therefore, drug resistance testing has been recommended in selecting appropriate treatment regimens among children and adolescents diagnosed with virological failure. The aim of the current study was to determine and characterise drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-infected children and in children and adolescents with virological failure on ART. Methods: To detect drug resistance mutations, the present study developed and validated a Sanger sequencing assay using dried blood spot (DBS) samples. The Sanger assay was used to perform HIV drug resistance testing on DBS samples testing positive on the early infant diagnosis (EID) platform. Lastly, a retrospective analysis was performed of resistance data from samples of children and adolescents submitted to the routine diagnostic laboratory. Results: A high level of concordance was found among major mutations detected using the Sanger DBS and plasma assays. Since all the discordant mutations were either minor or existed as mixtures, the interpretation of resistance profiles was found to be identical. The DBS assay was then used to detect pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) among samples from children on the EID platform. Overall, PDR was detected among 73% of the children, with the majority of the children showing resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) (72%). Dual class resistance was most prevalent to NNRTIs and NRTIs (11% [33/308]), followed by NNRTIs + protease inhibitors (PIs) (0.6% [2/308]). Triple class resistance (NNRTI + NRTI + PI) was very rare and was only detected in two children. Protease resistance was very rare among the children and none of the children displayed high-level resistance against any PI. Results from children (0 to 9 years) and adolescents (10 to 19 years) with virological failure while on ART indicated that most of the children were resistant to NRTIs (86% [79/92]), followed by NNRTIs (75% [69/92]) and PIs (28% [26/92]). Among adolescents, prevalence of resistance to NNRTIs (87% [146/167]) was the highest, followed by NRTIs (66% [111/167]) and PIs (30% [51/167]). Dual class resistance to NRTIs + NNRTIs was the most common among both children (44% [41/92]) and adolescents (38%, [63/167]). Triple class resistance (NNRTI+NRTI+PI) was detected in 18% of children (17/92) and 19% of adolescents (32/167). Conclusion: The prevalence of infants, children and adolescents experiencing treatment failure due to the presence of transmitted, acquired and PDR is increasing. While the implementation of virological monitoring and genotypic testing play an essential role in identifying and managing drug resistance among children and adolescents experiencing treatment failure, these services are limited in many developing countries. The current study supports the implementation of HIV drug resistance testing for national surveys and optimal clinical management of HIV-infected children and adolescents.National Health Laboratory Sciences (NHLS)Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF