Kochi University Repository

霜田, 博史

ドイツの過疎化地域における生活支援の方向性―「Aktionprogramm Regionale Daseinsvorsorge」の検討を中心に―

海野, 晋悟

高知県の家計の経済的環境・特徴―政府統計を用いたファクト・ファインディング―

寺下,　憲一郎

和田,　庸平

高橋,　美美

野村,　晴香

池内,　和代

栗原,　幸男

高橋,　永子

Terashita, Ken-ichiro

Wada, Youhei

Takahashi, Mimi

Nomura, Haruka

Ikeuti, Kayo

Kurihara, Yukio

Takahashi, Eiko

報告:高知大学医学部看護学科の卒業性動向調査－1期生から13期生を対象として

尾原,　喜美子

特別寄稿：これからの看護教育の課題

明神,　美奈

看護師の経験を重ね、大学院で助産師のキャリアアップを図った立場から

廣瀬, 淳一

小島嶼の内発的発展と環境保全の戦略(2)―パラオにおける諸外国のプレゼンスの変化に注目して―

高橋, 克己

《Νοῦς ὁ Ποιητικὸς, Θύραθεν》

小島嶼の内発的発展と環境保全の戦略―パラオにおけるミクロネシア・チャレンジに注目して―

Proceedins of 8th Kuroshio University League Network Formation Toward the Sustainable Societ in Kuroshio Region Through Cross-Boader Educatio

Wakiguchi, Hiroshi　

Cross-Border Education and
Sustainable Society
Hiroshi Wakiguchi
President, Kochi University
Congratulations on the publication
of Vol. 9 No. 1 of Kuroshio Science.
The main theme of this number is Kuroshio University
League Network Formation Toward the Establishment of a
Sustainable Society in the Kuroshio Region Through Cross-
Border Education. To make this effective, the most important
key will be the establishment of the Kuroshio Science
Consortium Academy. I trust that this will be realized soon,
now that approval has been obtained from the major members
who took part in the recent 8
th
Kuroshio University League
Network Formation Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable
Society in the Kuroshio Region Through Cross-Border
Education.
With the rapid development of transportation systems and
the globalization of both politics and the economy, the
distance and frequency of people’ s travel have increased
beyond our imagination in recent years, and international
society is being vigorously diversified. We cannot create a
Sustainable Society promoting happiness at an international
level if we maintain educational and research systems that are
only relevant to a single country. We need intense and intimate
international exchanges and contributions.
Cross-Border Education is an international education
scheme that maintains and assures quality education and
learning with mutual collaboration among universities from a
number of countries that have different internal situations.
Developing truly global education, accepted across different
cultures, customs, traditions and histories, will require a large
expenditure of time and effort by many universities. But I
believe that it will be possible, thanks to the establishment of
the Kuroshio Science Consortium Academy. This will
construct high quality Cross-Border Education by means of
organic collaboration among the countries of the Kuroshio
region, from those in its upstream to Japan in its downstream.
Today it is feared that marine resources will soon be used
up, and it is of urgent necessity to develop means for
environmental preservation and the management of marine
resources. It will be impossible to produce sustainable food for
the world’ s population unless we construct an appropriate
consumption and production plan. Maintenance of the food
supply requires production of food for both humans and
domestic animals, water, land for agriculture and land for
living. It has recently been announced that CO2 levels are
reaching a critical level. Global warming is causing a rise in
sea levels, eroding the world’ s land area. In light of this,
education and research along the Kuroshio region are not just a
matter of Kuroshio-related marine resources. They involve,
comprehensively and organically, all education and research
from that on forests to cultivated land, from human villages to
marine water, and from marine resources to seabed resources,
across the entire Kuroshio region. Accordingly, the Graduate
School of Kuroshio Integrated Science offers interdisciplinary
innovation in both arts and sciences. It has been promoting
education and research for over a decade, crossing borders
between disciplines, though not between countries. Now,
however, we at Kochi University are happy and proud to
contribute to the construction of high quality Cross-Border
Education.
Last but not least, I would like to extend my kindest
moral support to the 9
th
Symposium, which will be hosted by
Professor Houng-Yung Chen, Dean of the College of Marine
Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Taiwan. I hope it
will be an even greater success than the previous symposium
hosted at Kochi University.
1
Foreword


Foreword

Taguchi, Hirokuni

Chen, Houng-Yung

Lauraya, Fay Lea Patria  M.

Matsuda, Hiroyuki

Takemura, Akihiro

Morales, Milagros C.

Iiguni, Yoshiaki

Hirokuni Taguchi
Vice President, Executive Director
for Research, Kochi University.
It is my great pleasure to welcome
so many researchers to Kochi from
Philippines and Taiwan. I want also to
express thanks to Prof Hiroyuki Matsuda from Yokohama
National University and Prof. Akihiro Takemura from Ryukyu
University and Emeritus Professor of Kochi University ;
Yoshinobu Morooka for participating in this symposium. This
year we invited 10 young researchers from abroad, 6 from
Philippines and 4 from Taiwan by the financial aid of Japan
Science and Technology Agency by the name of Sakura
Science Plan.
This Symposium started in 2007 and Japan, Taiwan,
Philippines have hosted twice each and last year 7th
Symposium was held at Pontianak City in Indonesia co-
organized by University of Malaysia Sarawak and
Tanjungpura University. Most participants of this symposium
may be well familiar with the name "Kuroshio", meaning
black colored ocean current flowing north from the east Bicol
coast of Philippines then along Taiwan up to south of Kochi.
We owe much to the Kuroshio to warm weather and rich
natural resources. Researchers attending this symposium have
exchanged their new findings in this area and collaborated for
the development of science on Kuroshio. These many
achievements through this symposium have given great
contribution not only for science but also for education in each
country. In Kochi University, we are planning to reform the
Faculty of Agriculture to the Faculty of Agriculture and
Marine Science. We hope Marine Resource Science course
students will attend this symposium and learn a lot about
Kuroshio science in near future. Finally I wish you all enjoy a
pleasant stay here in Kochi.
Thank you.
Houng-Yung Chen
Dean, College of Marine Sciences
National Sun Yat-sen University
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Distinguished colleagues and participants
of the Kuroshio Symposium, it has been
a great privilege for my university, The National Sun Yat-
sen University, to join hand in hand with brother and sister
universities in the Kuroshio region to study and share the
beauty and truth of the Kuroshio. This year, with the input and
promotion of Professor Akira Tominaga and the organizing
committee, we are seeing a major advancement of the annual
gathering. Many students from different campuses are taking
part in the Symposium and related activities in a great depth.
Similar to our partner universities, my University is actively
engaging in Kuroshio science research. But unlike the Kochi
University that stresses on humanity, society and human
health, our focus has been more on science and resources
development. The interactions among the partner universities
during the past Kuroshio Symposiums have broadened our
vision on the Kuroshio. This year, the Asia-Pacific Ocean
Research Center of the Sun Yat-sen University added a
research group on marine affairs and ocean governance. The
APORC is a research center of excellence for ocean studies
under the auspice of the Taiwan Ministry of Education. In
addition to academic research, the APORC has made social
impact as a key performance index for the Center. We will
host before the end of this year at least 2 international events
on the South China Sea, including a bilateral fisheries
resources management meeting between Taiwan and China,
and a marine biodiversity and conservation meeting with
participants from various ASEAN countries. We welcome
your participation in the meetings.
I am pleased to see a broadened attendance in this
Symposium. This year we have many new faces. We like to
welcome you, our new partners in Kuroshio studies and
education. The attendance of the students is especially
encouraging. The Sakura program that brings the students here
is highly acknowledged.
I wish to thank the Kochi University for the kind
invitation and warm welcome extending to us. I congratulate
the success of the Symposium.
Fay Lea Patria M. Lauraya
President, Bicol University
Philippines
Greetings from Bicol University!
The parameters of quality education
takes on new dimension as the world
gets smaller through globalisation while the need for
innovation and discovery widens with the enabling presence of
technology and pressure to alleviate social conditions through
food and water security, environment and natural resource
management, enhancing the competitiveness of business and
2
Opening Remarks
industry, gender and development, improving basic social
services, and climate change adaptation. Knowledge
generation need not be responded to by one institution rather
will be enhanced through collaboration and partnerships
committed to a common platform of bringing the universities
closer and responsive to community development.
It is along this principle that Bicol University willingly
entered as founding member in the Kuroshio Network. The
dedication and commitment of the researchers and professors
to strengthen the alliance has given birth to many initiatives
that has brought opportunities to students and faculty
researchers of the partner universities in the Kuroshio Region.
The gathering of this network through the 8th International
Symposium on Kuroshio Science hosted by Kochi University
is a testimony to the growing strength of the collaboration. The
theme Kuroshio University League Network Formation
Toward the Establishment of a Sustainable Society in the
Kuroshio Region through Cross Border Education brings the
initial objective of the network to a higher level, the
international exchange of knowledge beyond research but a
promise to embrace other forms of initiatives in the area of
cross border education. The way forward is promising. we
specially welcome the proposal of Dr. Rhodora Azanza, Asst.
Vice President for Academic Affairs and Director, Office of
International Linkages of the University of the Philippines to
establish a Kuroshio Science Consortium Academy. This is a
highly specialised engagement that will surely draw the
valuable talents of researchers, faculty and students along the
Kuroshio Region to dedicate themselves towards the
development of this region. Bicol University already commits
itself in transforming this inspired thought into a reality.
Bicol University wishes to thank the organisers of the 8th
Kuroshio Symposium and express its commitment to its
success. Most importantly, beyond work, the friendship and
trust developed through the years are invaluable gains that will
be the foundation in building the new avenues of collaboration
among the Kuroshio University League.
To all our friends in the Kuroshio University League,
Maraming Salamat at Mabuhay.
Potential Roles of Kuroshio Science Network
Hiroyuki Matsuda
Professor, Faculty of Environment and
Information Sciences, Yokohama
National University
I would like to express my sincere
congratulations on success of the
International Symposium on Kuroshio Science. I am honored
to have a chance of plenary talk for the 8th International
Symposium on Kuroshio Science, held in Kochi University on
September 12 in 2014. Yokohama National University (YNU)
established the Center for Oceanic Studies and Integrated
Education in 2007 to enhance interdisciplinary research in
various departments of YNU. YNU has joined Port-city
University League (PUL), the mission of which is to promote
communication between students by mutual visit. Yokohama
is the only member city of PUL from Japan.
Recently, conservation of marine ecosystems is one of
key topics in international environmental issues. It is well
known that Kuroshio Current connects marine ecosystems in
east Asian. Marine ecosystems are probably threatened by
climate change, pollution, exotic species, land development of
coastal areas, and overfishing. State parties of Convention on
Biological Diversity agreed in 2010 to establish marine
protected areas (MPAs) by 10% of the exclusive economic
zone (EEZ) of each nation by 2020, designated by Aichi Target.
CBD encourage to build network of MPAs between nations.
United Nations Convention Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
recognizes the area of the seabed and ocean floor and the
subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as
well as its resources, as the common heritage of mankind, UN
encourages each nation to make integrated policy of
comprehensive management in its EEZ. There usually exist
conflicts in fisheries and other marine resources between
nations, between fisheries and other human activities.
Biodiversity conservation is not solely ecological issues.
UNESCO encourages both conservation of natural capitals and
traditional and local knowledge that utilizes natural capitals.
Biological diversity is linked to cultural diversity. Conservation
of bio-cultural diversity is included in comprehensive approach
for sustainable development. Therefore, trans-disciplinary approach
is indispensable for conservation of bio-cultural diversity.
There is a variety of measures to enhance sustainable
development between nations. Ocean Health Index, used by
Conservation International, is one of the comprehensive
measures of marine sustainability, which includes both
biological and socioeconomic factors. I expect to develop
network of universities along Kuroshio current. Yokohama
National University will willingly contribute this network.
3
Future of Kuroshio Science Network
Akihiro Takemura
Professor, Department of Chemistry,
Biology and Marine Science, University
of the Ryukyus
First of all, I would like to send
all the persons concerned my sincere
congratulations on successful continuation and expansion of the
International Symposium on Kuroshio Science. I attended, for
the first time, the 8th International Symposium on Kuroshio
Science, which was held in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, in
September of 2014. It seemed that I was the first person to
participate in this symposium from University of the Ryukyus.
This participation gave me good experience in and deep
insight into a recent direction of Kuroshio Science, because I
knew that the mutual networks on education and research on
this field have been already established among some leading
universities − Kochi University in Japan, National Sun Yat-
sen University in Taiwan, and Bicol University in the
Philippines− along with the Kuroshio Current. The theme of
this symposium in 2014 was “Kuroshio University League
Network Formation Toward the Establishment of a
Sustainable Society in the Kuroshio Region Through Cross-
Border Education”. Since cross-border education is the facing
issue in universities aiming to internationalize education and
research, it is absolutely important to discuss it under a
relationship of mutual trust among universities.
A challenge on cross-border education at the level of
undergraduate students has been carried out in countries of
Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Namely,
six ASEAN countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand,
Philippines, Vietnam, and Brunei) and Japan started the
ASEAN International Mobility for Students Programme
(AIMS) in 2010 under the supervisions of ASEAN University
Network (AUN) as well as of Southeast Asian Ministers of
Education Organisation (SEAMEO) − Regional Institute of
Higher Education and Development (RIHED). Seven fields−
Hospitality and Tourism, Agriculture, Language and Culture,
International Business, Food Science and Technology
Engineering, and Economics − are considered in AIMS.
AUN-ASEAN Credit Transfer System (ACTS) is also
established. In addition, the educational quality of AIMS is
guaranteed by the project of “iAward”. These pioneer challenges
in ASEAN countries will provide us with useful information.
Regarding regional cross-border education, on the other
hand, the focus and goal of Kuroshio University League
Network may be very simple but specialized. The issues are
addressed as the present sessions, which are (1) Network
Formation and Studies of Kuroshio Ecosystems and
Biodiversity, (2) Network Formation and Studies of Marine
Resources and Management, (3) Network Formation and
Studies in Coral Cell Research, (4) Cross-Border Education
and Studies in Marine Biomedicine, (5) History and Societies
along Kuroshio Current, and (6) Network Formation of Cross-
Border Education in Kuroshio Region. These may be
summarized as importance in resources obtained from as well
as human living with the Kuroshio Current.
At present, University of the Ryukyus is not the formal
member of this consortium. However, when the geographical
position of the Ryukyu Islands is viewed, everybody easily
realizes that the Ryukyu Islands form a line between Taiwan
and Kyushu and are located at the center of the Kuroshio
Current. I think that since the Ryukyu Islands become a tab for
sticking, University of the Ryukyus, as a keystone, plays an
important role in contributing to the further development the
Kuroshio University League Network.
Finally, I was honored to participate in the beginning of
the third cycle of this conference series and witness the future
success of this consortium. I pray “the KUROSHIO MAFIA”
will continue for eternity!
Kuroshio Science Network: Today and Beyond
Milagros C. Morales
Assistant Regional Director
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources Region 02
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Philippines
At the outset, I would like to take this opportunity to
convey my very best wishes for an effective, successful and
productive conference − the 8
th
International Symposium on
Kuroshio Science. It was an impressive event, both in terms
of intellectual eminence and social gratification. I am
honoured to be part of the wonderful experience with high
level of professionalism and diversity of discussion. The
symposium covered extensive interesting topics relating to
studies within the Kuroshio region and were delivered by
respectable speakers coming from the areas under the
influence of the Kuroshio Current.
The symposium held last September 2014 in Kochi
University, Japan marked the beginning of the third cycle of
this Conference Series which started in 2007. The conference
put emphasis on the Cross-Border Education in the Kuroshio
Region to establish a sustainable society in this area.
Cross Border Education has a long-standing history for
4
developing countries. Centers for learning draw students and
scholars to come to advance knowledge, exchange ideas and
proliferate views and opinions. This has been seen as an
opportunity to improve skills and competencies of individuals
which will serve as an engine for innovation and capacity
development. Looking further, this is perceived to be
benefitting to the receiving country thru its human, social,
economic and cultural enhancement in the future. With the
advent of globalization and regional integration, it is just but
timely to tackle issues and concerns in line with this theme.
The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
although not an academic institution, is one with the Kuroshio
Science Network, in realizing the importance of understanding
mutual trust among universities. Along the way, it is important
to consider some ideas on policy frameworks for cross border
education, continuous collaboration in research and extension,
and promotion of regional scholarship among others. BFAR,
being the lead agency that is mandated to conserve, manage
and protect the fisheries and aquatic resources in the
Philippines, welcomes collaboration and partnership in
crafting measures that shall address issues and promote
sustainability within the Kuroshio Region.
Kuroshio Science Network plays a vital role in
international education and development. The Network is
understood to support its members with the skills required to
mobilize and build expertise, knowledge, opportunity and
leadership in developing and maintaining a sustainable
environment within the region. I therefore urge all member
countries to continuously pool efforts, resources, enthusiasm
and commitment to discover more about the Kuroshio Current
and how it helps in changing and defining outlooks, giving
especial considerations to the fisheries sector.
Let us continue to forge partnerships and allow cross-
border education so that we may share later on the benefits of
nationalities and bring these benefits beyond our own national
frontiers!
New Landscapes of the International Symposium
on Kuroshio Science
Yoshiaki Iiguni
Professor, Laboratory of Environmental
Change and Sustainable Society
Head, Graduate School of Kuroshio Science
Kochi University
The 8
th
international symposium on
Kuroshio Science was held in Kochi under the title of
“Kuroshio University League Network Formation toward the
Establishment of a Sustainable Society in the Kuroshio Region
through Cross-Border Education”. From the time of planning
this symposium, we had placed importance on cross-border
education, and intended not only to have a place for discussion
of cross-border education, but also to provide a venue for
actual cross-border education of young researchers.
Fortunately Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
supported us in inviting young researchers. In total 10
researchers came from the Philippines and Taiwan, namely the
University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Bureau of Fisheries
and Aquatic Resources, Regional Office No. 2, National Sun
Yat-sen University, National Dong Hwa University, Bicol
University Tabaco Campus and Catanduanes State University.
They attended the symposium, reported on their own research
and visited laboratories of researchers of Kochi University for
further collaboration after the symposium.
They came to Kochi a few days earlier than the other
members of their institutions, and worked as a group with
other young researchers for over one week. The group action
built up friendships, formed a network, and also added a new
feeling to the symposium. Even after returning back to their
own countries, the researchers are still keeping in touch
through facebook and other social media sites.
The young researchers’ activities might stimulate other
generations. At the time of the welcome party, two founders of
the Kuroshio Current Alliance, professors emeritus Dr. H.
Mok (Sun Yat-sen University) and Dr. Y. Morooka (Kochi
University), declared that they would set up a new association
named the “Old Boys” club. They stood up suddenly and let
us know that they had retired but that they could support the
activity of the alliance across the Kuroshio region hereafter.
Their strong will to keep these commitments inspired us with
confidence and their rich experience and knowledge of their
specialties will encourage us to keep and develop our network
further. I guess that the membership of the Old Boys club will
increase through the successive participation of retired
professors in the club, and become a new pillar of our alliance.
Our symposium has continued for over eight years. The
founders’ generation has begun to retire. We are now entering
a new phase. In this phase, we should start preparing for the
change of generations and give support to the succeeding
younger generation. This symposium will hopefully inform us
in regard to this turning point. Let us take advantage of this
experience and try to enhance the sustainability of our
alliance.
5


Opening Remarks

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