Kochi University Repository

松本, 秀彦

Hidehiko, MATSUMOTO

Study of early academic support for university students with developmental disabilities using change of functional grade point average (GPA)

岩崎, 保道

宮嶋, 恒二

蔭久, 孝政

福島, 謙吉

谷ノ内, 識

Yasumichi, IWASAKI

Koji MIYAJIMA

Takamasa, KAGEHISA

Kenkichi, FUKUSHIMA

Sotoshi, TANlNOUCHI

Discussion on the prevention of dropout

西川, 知宏

坂本, 華緒理

玉里, 恵美子

大崎, 優

飯國, 芳明

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202
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210


高知県における集落活動センター分析のための基礎的作業

岩城, 裕之

Iwaki, Hiroyuki

The System and change of the quantity adverbs in the Kisa , Hiroshima dialect

小島, 郷子

Kojima, Kyoko

Children through of Home Economics Classes and Practical Art Classes in Japan and South Korea

柳川, 平太郎

Yanagawa, Heitaro

Genpachi Mitsukuri and the historial School-textbooks of the old Middle-High-School

森田, 美佐

Morita, Misa

Effective Actions to Address Low Birth Rate in Kochi

中村, 努

Nakamura, Tsutomu

A Practical Approach to Education in Diasater Prevention for Liberal Arts and Sciences Students in University

山中,　萌

井上,　光也

加藤,　元海

ヤマナカ,　メイ

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124
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125
Fig.1. Sampling stations (●) in the Kogawa and Kuroson
Streams. The Kogawa and Kuroson Streams are tributaries of
the Niyodo and Shimanto Rivers, respectivery.
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126
Table 1. Physical and chemical characteristics of the
Kogawa and Kuroson Streams.
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127
Table 2. Density of benthic invertebrates (ind/m
2
) in the Kogawa and Kuroson Streams.
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128
Fig. 2. Density of benthic invertebrates per square meter belonging to each body-size range in the Kogawa (a) and Kuroson
Streams (b). For example, the body-size range 2- 3 means individuals equal to or greater than 2 mm and smaller than 3 mm in
body length.
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129
Fig. 3. Density of benthic invertebrates per square meter belonging to each body-size range: Diptera in the Kogawa (a) and
Kuroson Streams (b), Ephemeroptera in the Kogawa (c) and Kuroson Streams (d), Plecoptera in the Kogawa (e) and
Kuroson Streams (f), Trichoptera in the Kogawa (g) and Kuroson Streams (h). Abbreviations with regard to family name are
as follows. For Diptera, B: Blephariceridae, C: Chironomidae, S: Simuliidae, T: Tipulidae. For Ephemeroptera, B: Baetidae, E:
Ephemerellidae, H: Heptageniidae, I: Isonychiidae, L: Leptophlebiidae. For Plecoptera, N: Nemouridae, P: Perlidae. For
Trichoptera, A: Apataniidae, H: Hydropsychidae, L: Lepidostomatidae, R: Rhyacophilidae, S: Stenopsychidae, U: Uenoidae. O:
others.
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130
Fig. 4. The cumulative individual number of benthic invertebrates per square meter in the Kogawa (a) and Kuroson
Streams (b). The body-size range ≥5mm means individuals equal to or greater than 5 mm in body length. (c) Rate of increase of
the cumulative individual number per square meter when the fraction of the next smaller 1-mm size range is added to the body-
size range in the Kogawa (●) and Kuroson Streams (○). For example, the individual numbers of the body-size ranges ≥5 mm and
4-5 mm were 110 and 187, respectively, in the Kuroson Stream. Addition of 4- 5 mm range to the body-size range ≥5 mm results
in 297 individuals with body length ≥4 mm. Thus the rate of increase for 4- 5 mm range is 297/110 = 2.7. (d) The ratio of the
individual number of each body-size range to the individual number of the body-size range ≥5 mm. For example, the number of
individuals ≥3 mm is 685 in the Kuroson Stream. In this case, the ratio is 685/110 = 6.2. D: Diptera, E: Ephemeroptera, P:
Plecoptera, T: Trichoptera, O: others.
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131
Fig. 5. Dominant taxonomic orders and body-size range in terms of density per square meter in the Kogawa (a) and
Kuroson Streams. Abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 2a.
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132
Fig. 6. Dominant taxonomic families within each order and body-size range in terms of density per square meter: Diptera in the
Kogawa (a) and Kuroson Streams (b), Ephemeroptera in the Kogawa (c) and Kuroson Streams (d), Plecoptera in the Kogawa (e)
and Kuroson Streams (f), Trichoptera in the Kogawa (g) and Kuroson Streams (h). Abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 3.
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133
Fig. 7. Cumulative biomass of benthic invertebrates per square meter in the Kogawa (a) and Kuroson Streams (b). (c)
Rate of increase of the cumulative biomass per square meter when the fraction of the next smaller 1-mm size range is added to the
body-size range in the Kogawa (●) and Kuroson Streams (○). For example, dry weights of the body-size ranges ≥3 and ≥2 mm are
0.15 and 0.17 g, respectively, in the Kuroson Stream. Thus the rate of increase is 0.17/0.15 = 1.13 when the fraction of 2- 3 mm
range is added. (d) The ratio of the cumulative biomass of each body-size range to the biomass of the body-size range ≥5 mm. For
example, the biomass ≥5 mm is 0.079 g in the Kuroson Stream. In this case, the ratio of biomass ≥2 mm to biomass ≥5 mm was 0.
17/0.079 = 2.15. Abbreviations for taxa are the same as in Fig 2a.
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134
Fig. 8. Dominant taxonomic orders and body-size range in terms of biomass in the Kogawa (a) and Kuroson Streams (b).
Abbreviations are the same as in Fig. 2a.
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135
Fig.9. Biomass of benthic invertebrates per square meter
belonging to each body-size range in the Kogawa (a) and
Kuroson Streams (b). The biomass of each body-size range
was calculated based on the cumulative biomass shown in
Fig. 7a, b. For example, the biomass belonging to the body
size range 3- 4 mm was calculated by subtracting the biomass
of individuals ≥4 mm from the biomass of individuals ≥3 mm.
Fig. 10. Relationships between the individual number,
biomass, and body size in the Kogawa and Kuroson
Streams. (a) The averaged dry weight per one individual of
the benthic invertebrate community belonging to each body-
size range. (b) The averaged individual number per 1-g dry
weight of the benthic invertebrate community belonging to
each body-size range.
Relationships between body size, individual number
and biomass of benthic invertebrates in summer at
upstream sites of the Niyodo and Shimanto Rivers
Mei Yamanaka
1)
, Mitsuya Inoue
2)
, and
Motomi Genkai-Kato
1), 3)*
1)
Department of biology, Faculty of Science,
Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho,
Kochi 780-8520, Japan
2)
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences,
Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho,
Kochi 780-8520, Japan
3)*
Graduate School of Kuroshio Science,
Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho,
Kochi 780-8520, Japan
Abstract
Quantitative samplings of benthic invertebrates in
streams often treat individuals larger than a certain size,
because inclusion of smaller size classes would take a great
deal of exertion to conduct sorting and identification. We
here conducted quantitative samplings at two upstream
sites of the Niyodo and Shimanto Rivers in summer and
collected benthic invertebrates as small as one millimeter
in body length. Collected invertebrates were classified
according to size classes of 1-mm intervals, and we
focused on the patterns of increase in the cumulative
individual number and biomass when individuals of
smaller size classes were taken into consideration.
Although the number of individuals and dominant taxa
were different between the sites, the cumulative number
of individuals linearly increased at both sites. The
cumulative biomass increased in a saturating manner.
When larger individuals were taken into consideration,
the benthic invertebrate communities tended to be
dominated by trichopterans. Inclusion of smaller size
classes resulted in a shift of dominant taxon to
ephemeropterans. The averaged dry weight per one
individual of a benthic invertebrate increased
exponentially with the size class. In contrast, the average
number of individuals per one gram of dry weight
decreased exponentially with the size class.
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136


夏季の仁淀川と四万十川の上流域における底生動物群集の体長、個体数、生物量の関係

Nakajo, Mitsuru

Toshiki Tamura

Maihara, Shinya

Miyoshi, Kazuo

Kojima, Fumiko

Yokota, Mika

Harada, Tetsuo

Evaluation of materials on the curriculum theme “How can　water striders float and stride on the water surface?” as an　effective experimental teaching material in compulsory schools

Kōchi University

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