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Lion Gate, Hattusa
No full textThe Lion Gate in the south-west of Hattusa. At Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Interior of the Yerkapı (Earth or Sphinx Gate) rampart, Hattusa
No full textInterior of the Yerkapı (Earth or Sphinx Gate) rampart which was originally surrounded by four monumental sphinxes, which are now in museums in İstanbul and Berlin. This gate was built with an artifical mound digged by a 70m-long tunnel. It was built by the Hittites using a corbelled arch (two flat faces of stones leaning towards one another), passing down the stony tunnel and emerging from the postern.Black & white photograph
Lion Gate, Hattusa
No full textThe Lion Gate in the south-west of Hattusa. At Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Standing Hittite female figurine from 2,600-1,900 BC Early Bronze Age, Hasaoğlan
No full textStanding Hittite female figurine from 2,600-1,900 BC Early Bronze Age, Hasaoğlan. Her body is made out of elektrum (an alloy of gold and silver) whereas the face mask, breast, anklets and bracelets are of pure gold. Housed in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara.Black & white photograph
Small time path behavior of double stochastic integrals and applications to stochastic control
No full textWe study the small time path behavior of double stochastic integrals of othe form f(0)(t)(f(0)(r) b(u) dW(u))(T) dW(r), where W is ad-dimensional Brownian motion and b is an integrable progressively measurable stochastic process taking values in the set of d x d-matrices. We prove a law of the iterated logarithm that holds for all bounded progressively measurable b and give additional results under continuity assumptions on b. As an application, we discuss a stochastic control problem that arises in the study of the super-replication of a contingent claim under gamma constraints
Interferometric methods for static and dynamic characterizations of micromembranes for sensing functions
No full textWe present a methodology for static and dynamic testing of mechanical properties of microelements. The measurement path includes temporal phase shifting interferometry for quantitative static shape elements analysis. This is followed by determination of the resonance frequency by means of modified time average interferometry and transient amplitude and phase maps of vibrating micromembrane capturing and evaluation by phase shifting stroboscopic interferometry. Proper application of combination of these methods allows for quick and accurate analysis of micromembranes and optimization of their manufacturing conditions
Designing MEMS for manufacturing
No full textMEMS (micro electro-mechanical systems) are often expected to take a development as microelectronics did in the last 35 years. Several devices are already established in mass markets like acceleration sensors, gyros, pressure sensors, ink jet heads and the DLP micromirror array. On the other hand many companies have stopped their business after the telecom bubble. Others are struggling. Many dreams based on MEMS-devices that were not at all mature and could not be manufactured in high numbers. When a commercial product is the goal, several questions must be answered already in concept phase. The specifications must clearly reflect the requirements of the application. Performance and price must be competitive to any other technology. The relation between fabrication process and design is strong and mutual. The process must create all features of the device and the design must consider the limitations of the process. Only if the design is tolerant against all process variations reproducible performance can be achieved. And only if the design is robust in all process steps the devices can survive. Regarding the time and cost frame it is always preferable to change the layout rather than the process. This article looks at MEMS technology and identifies what has been adopted from CMOS, what is desirable to adopt and what needs new solutions. Examples are given in the fields of design, modeling layout, process, test, and packaging
Hittite relief of sun disc made up of a figure of eagle and sun & moon in the center with a tree of life underneath guarded by two male figures
No full textHittite relief of sun disc made up of a figure of eagle and sun & moon in the center with a tree of life underneath guarded by two male figuresBlack & white photograph
Vitamin E, turmeric and saffron in treatment of alzheimer’s disease
No full textAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a growing epidemic and currently there is no cure for the disease. The disease has a detrimental effect on families and will strain the economy and health care systems of countries worldwide. The paper provides a literature review on a few ongoing possible antioxidant therapy treatments for the disease. The paper highlights use of vitamin E, turmeric and saffron for an alternative antioxidant therapy approach. Clinical studies report their therapeutic abilities as protective agents for nerve cells against free radical damage, moderating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reducing neurodegeneration, which are found as key factors in Alzheimer’s. The paper suggests that future research, with more clinical trials focused on more natural approaches and their benefits for AD treatment could be worthwhile