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Lion Gate, Hattusa
No full textThe Lion Gate in the south-west of Hattusa. At Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Lion Gate, Hattusa
No full textThe Lion Gate in the south-west of Hattusa. At Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Lion Gate, Hattusa
No full textThe Lion Gate in the south-west of Hattusa. At Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Karatepe sphinx in North Gate - East wall with shepherd and lamb relief in the background
No full textSphinx in North Gate - East wall at Karatepe seen from the right side and relief of shepherd with lamb on his back. This image also includes hieroglyphs. This is one of the reliefs adorning inner walls of the gate-houses depicting cultural, mythological and daily-life scenes carved on blocks of basalt in Karatepe, the Late Hittite fortress (also known as Aslantaş) in the province of Osmaniye. The site was first discovered by Helmut Bossert and Halet Çambel in 1946. The fortress was founded in the 8th century BC by Azatiwata, ruler of the plain of Adana.Black & white photograph
Detail from the column base with the Amamean style double sphinx in basalt, from the ancient Hittite city of Samal, Zincirli, Anatolia, Turkey, Hittite civilization, 8th century BC
No full textDetail from the column base with the Amamean style double sphinx in basalt, probably originally located in the entrance of Palace of Zincirli, from the ancient Hittite city of Samal, Zincirli, Anatolia, Turkey. Hittite civilization, 8th century BC.Black & white photograph
Psikiyatri hemşireliğinin kuramsal çerçevesi-I
No full textUnless nursing practice is not based on theoretical foundations, it is not possible to consider it as a profession. Therefore, having a theoretical approach is very important for psychiatric nursing as well as in the all other areas of the profession. In addition, nursing should have a theoretical framework to provide direction and guidance for their applications. These frameworks which consist of different theoretical approaches constitute a guidance to explain and define the problems of patients. Alongside with nursing interventions in the light of theoretical framework, nursing care can gain a scientific basis. Some authors defined theoretical frameworks considering the most effective theories for psychiatric nursing practices, and some of them form theoretical frameworks considering the theories which are known as the most widely used in psychiatric nursing practices, whereas some authors have generated theoretical frameworks through the theories that are considered as the major theories for psychiatric nursing practices. In this article; the necessity of a theoretical framework for a profession, theoretical frameworks that are defined for psychiatric nursing and of the use of theories that exists within the theoretical framework at psychiatric nursing practices have been discussed in the light of existing literature. / Hemşirelik uygulamaları, herhangi bir teorik temele dayanmadığı sürece hemşirelik profesyonel bir meslek olamaz. Bu nedenle, teori kullanımı hemşireliğin bütün alanlarında olduğu gibi psikiyatri hemşireliği için de çok önemlidir. Ayrıca hemşirelik, uygulamalarına yön vermesi ve rehberlik etmesi için bir kuramsal çerçeveye sahip olmalıdır. Farklı kuramsal yaklaşımlardan oluşan bu çerçeveler, hastaların sorunlarını açıklama ve tanımlamada rehber oluştururlar. Kuramsal çerçeve doğrultusunda yapılan hemşirelik girişimleri ile hemşirelik bakımı bilimsel bir temel kazanır. Bazı yazarlar psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulamaları için en etkili olarak kabul edilen teorilerden, bazı yazarlar psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulamalarında en çok kullanıldığı bilinen teorilerden ve bazı yazarlar da psikiyatri hemşireliği uygulamaları için majör teoriler olduğu kabul edilen teorilerden yola çıkarak, kuramsal çerçeveler tanımlamışlardır. Bu makalede; bir meslek için kuramsal çerçevenin gerekliliği, psikiyatri hemşireliği için tanımlanan kuramsal çerçeveler ve kuramsal çerçevede yer alan teorilerin uygulamada kullanım durumu literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır
Operational response prediction for rigidly linked structures via direct inversion method
No full textMost of the mechanical systems are composed of different subsystems connected and coupled by several links. Any excitation acting on the system is divided into several internal forces which propagate through these links or so-called transfer paths. For these kinds of systems, it is important to predict the structure's response due to this excitation which is transmitted via propagation paths. Predicting the operational response as much as accurate at the point of interest is of great importance in terms of design optimization and condition monitoring at where the response cannot be measured due to some physical constraints. In accordance with this purpose, the identification of operational internal forces is necessary. In cases where direct measurement of the operational forces is impossible or impractical, especially for complex structures, a common approach is to identify the operational forces based on measured frequency response functions and a set of measured operational responses. The classical approach is the Moore-Penrose pseudo inversion, which needs significant number of frequency response function measurements and huge time consumption and effort since the coupled system is to be disassembled at all interfaces. Noting that, real complex structures have some physical limitations to be disassembled, more practical and faster approaches are required for real-life applications. The aim of this study is to present direct inversion method to identify the operational forces and hence, predict the operational response for rigidly linked vibrating structures and also demonstrate the effect of mass loadings of the transducers and noise during frequency response function measurements. The algorithms investigated herein are applied in numerical and experimental setups composed of rigidly linked structures
Pitfalls in the use of whole slide imaging for the diagnosis of central nervous system tumors: a pilot study in surgical neuropathology
No full textBackground: Whole slide imaging (WSI) finds increasingly higher value in everyday surgical pathology in addition to its well-established use for educational and research purposes. However, its diagnostic utility, especially in subspecialty settings such as neuropathology, is not fully validated. Neuropathology practice is unique with smaller overall tissue size and frequent need for high-power evaluation. In addition, tumor grade is an integral part of the initial diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of primary pathology diagnosis of surgical neuropathology specimens using WSI. Materials and Methods: We reviewed consecutive surgical neuropathology cases diagnosed in our institution during a 2-month period and identified a single diagnostic slide, which was scanned at 40× magnification. Two neuropathologists who were blinded to the original diagnoses reviewed the whole slide image and rendered a diagnosis including tumor grade when applicable. They reviewed the single diagnostic slide after a wash-out period. Intra- and inter-observer discrepancies, as well as reasons for discrepancies, were evaluated. Results: The concordance rates were 94.9% and 88% for two neuropathologists. Two critical issues leading to discrepancies were identified: (1) identification of mitoses and (2) recognition of nuclear details. Conclusions: Given the current study is exclusively for surgical neuropathology cases, an all-encompassing conclusion about the utility of WSI for diagnostic purposes may not be available. Nevertheless, pathologists should be aware of the potential pitfalls due to identification of mitotic figures and nuclear details. We recommend independent validation for each subspecialty of pathology to identify subspecialty-specific concerns, so they can be properly addressed. © 2016 Journal of Pathology Informatics | Published by Wolters Kluwer -Medknow