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Luwian inscription at Karatepe
No full textBlack and white image of the Luwian hieroglyphic inscription at the late Hittite fortress of Karatepe (also known as Aslantaş) is in the province of Osmaniye and in the district of Kadirli. The fortress was founded in the 8th century BC by Azatiwata.Black & white photograph
Sphinx of Southern Gate at Alaca Höyük, 14th c. BC
No full textFrontal view of the one of the two great sphinxes of the southern outer monumental gateway set between two towers. In the doorjambs are two 13 foot hight monoliths which were carved to create 7 foot high sphinxes. Inside this Sphinx Gate was a large Hittite building complex. An important city in pre-Hittite times, Alacahöyük was overshadowed by the nearby capital Hattusa of the Hittites after the Hittite conquest. Alacahöyük located 36 km to the northeast of the Hattusa (Boğazköy), in the Çorum province of Turkey. Although the most important findings are the artifacts from the pre-Hittite royal tombs dating from about 2500 BC, the outstanding monuments today are from the Hittite period.Black & white photograph
Excavation site of Hattusa
No full textExcavation site of Hattuša, the capital city of Hittites (today in the Çorum Province, Turkey) from their beginning in the 17th century BC until the collapse of the empire in early 12th century BC. By the 12th century the city came to cover an area of 182 hectars, surrounded by a 3.3 km long defensive wall. The Aslanlı Kapı (Lion Gate) with two stone lions were believed to protect the city from evil spirits. The Lion Gate was one of the six defensive walls of the city. Besides natural outcrops that were turned out to the part of the walls, massive ramparts were made to create artificial fortresses.Black & white photograph
Hittite pitcher, 1650-1450 BC, Boğazköy
No full textRed Hittite pitcher, dated from 1650-1450 BC housed in Boğazköy Museum.Black & white photograph
A Place of burning: hero or ancestor cult at Troy
No full textThis article presents the evidence for Early Archaic ritual activity on the site of a Late Bronze Age cemetery a short distance outside the walls of Troy, at a spot known to excavators as “A Place of Burning.” Here, as at the West Sanctuary adjacent to the citadel, the evidence follows a pattern similar to that found in hero and ancestor cults at other sites. Growing population in the region may have led the inhabitants of Troy to use associations with Bronze Age remains as a way of strengthening territorial claims and bolstering the power of the local elite
Blood rheology in marine mammals
No full textThe field of blood oxygen transport and delivery to tissues has been studied by comparative physiologists for many decades. Within this general area, the particular differences in oxygen delivery between marine and terrestrial mammals has focused mainly on oxygen supply differences and delivery to the tissues under low blood flow diving conditions. Yet, the study of the inherent flow properties of the blood itself (hemorheology) is rarely discussed when addressing diving. However, hemorheology is important to the study of marine mammals because of the critical nature of the oxygen stores that are carried in the blood during diving periods. This review focuses on the essential elements of hemorheology, how they are defined and on fundamental rheological applications to marine mammals. While the comparative rationale used throughout the review is much broader than the particular problems associated with diving, the basic concepts focus on how changes in the flow properties of whole blood would be critical to oxygen delivery during diving. This review introduces the reader to most of the major rheological concepts that are relevant to the unique and unusual aspects of the diving physiology of marine mammals
No Bid for World Power: Secret Services and Propaganda in the German-Austrian-Turkish Alliance 1914-1918
No full textErratum: “Geometric phase, bundle classification, and group representation” [J. Math. Phys. 37, 1218 (1996)]
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Pneumonia in HIV-infected patients
No full textAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an immune system disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The purpose of this review is to investigate the correlation between an immune system destroyed by HIV and the frequency of pneumonia. Observational studies show that respiratory diseases are among the most common infections observed in HIV-infected patients. In addition, pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. According to articles in literature, in addition to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the use of prophylaxis provides favorable results for the treatment of pneumonia. Here we conduct a systematic literature review to determine the pathogenesis and causative agents of bacterial pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), nontuberculous mycobacterial disease, fungal pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, viral pneumonia and parasitic infections and the prophylaxis in addition to ART and HAART for treatment. Pneumococcus-based polysaccharide vaccine is recommended to avoid some type of specific bacterial pneumonia