Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
Knowledge Repository Open NetworkNot a member yet
1128 research outputs found
Sort by
Studies in relation to floral biology and variability for economic traits in wild ecotypes of Black Caraway (Bunium persicum Bioss. Fedts).
No full textBlack Caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss.) is a perennial aromatic and medicinal umbellifer. It belongs to the family Apiaceae. Its aromatic fruits are commercially known as Kala Zeera and are used as a spice to add flavour to the dishes, delicacies and bakery, besides being used in perfumery and in the preparation of ayurvedic medicines. In J&K state it is confined to the hilly areas of Gurez, Keran, Machil, Tangdar, Kargil, Paddar, Pulwama and Char-e-Sharief. The crop mostly grows in the wild under natural conditions and the steps are yet to be taken to domesticate this high priced commodity. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant genotypic differences for all the characters under study. The estimates of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental variances revealed that environmental variances were smaller in magnitude than the corresponding genotypic variances except for plant height and tertiary branches plant-1 suggesting that most of the variation was genetic in nature. Phenotypic coefficient of variation for all the traits was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation indicating that all these characters had interacted with the environment. The present investigation revealed high heritability (b.s) for almost all the traits which were taken into consideration. High heritability (b.s) estimates for various characters have also been reported by Puschmann et al. (1992), Pank and Quilitzsch (1996) in Caraway (carum carvi L.) and Kapila et al. (1997) in Black Caraway (Bunium persicum Boiss).In the present investigation, the most important character as seed yield m-2 exhibited positive significant correlation with plant height, number of primary branches plant-1, umbel diameter of primary and secondary umbels , seeds in primary and secondary umbels,1000-seed weight , tuber size and tuber weight. It showed significant negative correlation with number of secondary and tertiary branches plant-1. Oil content extracted at 80 per cent and at full maturity stages revealed that seeds harvested at 80 per cent maturity have higher oil content as compared to seeds harvested at full maturity. It was evident that although Char-e-Sharief ecotype was rich in essential oil content as compared to Gurez and Drass ecotypes, but was inferior with respect to constituents imparting flavour (i.e., cuminaldehyde and p-mentha-1, 4-dien 7al). Cytological studies revealed that Black Caraway is a diploid species with 2n=14 chromosomes which is in conformity with findings of. Sheidai et al. (1996)
Intravenous regional anaesthesia: Lidocaine versus combination of lidocaine and dexamethasone.
No full textObjectives: 1) To determine the efficacy of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to lidocaine for intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA). 2) To compare the onset and duration of sensory block, motor block and analgesia when lidocaine is used alone and in combination with dexamethasone for intravenous regional anaesthesia.
Study Design & Settings: Prospective, randomized.
Material & Methods: 50 patients of ASA status I & II aged 15 to 65 years undergoing ambulatory hand surgery were randomly divided to receive either 40 ml of 0.5% lidocaine (control group) or 40 ml of 0.5% lidocaine & 8mg dexamethasone for IVRA (study group). Onset, duration & recovery time of motor & sensory block were compared. Pain was assessed intraoperatively & postoperatively using Visual Analog Scale Score (VAS). Time to request for first analgesia & total analgesic consumption in 24 hrs were noted.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the onset and duration of sensory and motor block. The recovery time of sensory & motor block was significantly longer in the study group. The patients in the study group had a significantly longer pain free interval. The total analgesic consumption in the first 24 hrs & the number of patients requiring analgesia was significantly lower in the study group.
Conclusions: The addition of 8mg dexamethasone to 0.5% lidocaine for IVRA significantly prolongs the recovery time of sensory & motor block, reduces the analgesic consumption postoperatively for 24 hrs and prolongs the time to request for first analgesic
Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section with low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine with or without fentanyl in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension - a comparative study.
No full textObjectives: 1. To compare the effects of low dose intrathecal bupivacaine and combination of bupivacaine and fentanyl in pregnancy induced hypertension patients.2. To compare the haemodynamic changes between the two groups.3. To compare the quality of analgesia between the two groups.4. To compare foetal outcome between two groups.
Study Design & Setting: Prospective Double Blind, Hospital based Study.
Materials & Methods: 50 ASA grade II patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were divided into 2 groups as Group I (Bupivacaine) and Group II (Bupivacaine-Fentanyl). Haemodynamic variables like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate were recorded every 2 minutes upto delivery of baby and then every 5 minutes until end of surgery. Sensory block and motor block alongwith side effects were recorded. Pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale and neonatal outcome assessed using APGAR scoring.
Results: Haemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure between the study and control group, were comparable and statistically not significant. On comparing the highest sensory level achieved between the two groups, statistically significant difference was observed.. The time taken for sensory regression to T12 level (minutes) between the two groups was statistically significant with a longer duration (209.9 min) in the group II compared to 162.6 min in group I.
Conclusion: The spinal fentanyl- bupivacaine mixture produces a significant prolongation of sensory block, prolongs the duration of analgesia and achieves a higher level of sensory block as compared to bupivacaine alone. This combination does not hasten the onset of sensory or motor block and does not prolong the duration of motor block or produce haemodynamic instability
To compare the efficacy of granisetron over droperidol in the prevention of postoperative Nausea and Vomiting following open cholecystectomy
No full textObjectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Granisetron over Droperidol in the prevention of post operative nausea and vomiting following open cholecystectomy.
Study Design: Double-blind randomized study.
Material & Methods: All patients with ASA status 1 and II, undergoing open Cholecystectomy were thoroughly evaluated and assessed as per the study protocol. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups, X or Y, to receive either injection Granisetron hydrochloride (3mg i/v) or Droperidol (2.5mg i/v) in a double –blind fashion, 5 min prior to induction of general anesthesia. Post-operatively, the incidence of nausea and vomiting was recorded every six hourly for a period of 24 hour on a 3 point scale, i. e.0 = none, 1 = nausea & 2 = vomiting. At the end, all the data collected was subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: During the first 6 hrs after anesthesia, 6 (12%) patients in the granisetron group and 20 (40%) patients in the Droperidol group reported an emetic episode. At 6-12 hrs after anesthesia, 11 (22%) of patients in the Granisetron group suffered an emetic episode, whereas this number was 19 (38%) in case of Droperidol group. In the 12-18 hr time frame, Granisetron group reported emetic episode in 12 (24%) patients where as it was seen in 23 (46%) patients in the Droperidol group. At 18-24 hrs, emetic episode was seen in 9 (18%) patients in the granisetron group compared to 22 (44%) patients in Droperidol group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that granisetron is superior to Droperidol in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting
In vitro micrografting of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) cv. Lal Ambri on dwarfing M-9 rootstock
No full textShoot tip grafting or micrografting consists of growing under asceptic conditions a small shoot tip onto a young rootstock growing in vitro. This technique can provide an efficient method of production of high quality genetic plants in a short time period and can assure the aseptic condition of such micrografted plants. Thus, present investigation was undertaken to standardize the technique of micrografting in apple cv. Lal Ambri on dwarfing M-9 rootstock. Experiments were carried out with the aim of achieving maximum in vitro graft success for which micropropagated shoots of M-9 served as rootstock. Lal Ambri scions were excised from either in vivo (forced shoot tips) or in vitro micropropagated shoots for which a pilot study was carried out to standardize the media and growth regulator regime for establishment of explants and shoot multiplication. Highest in vitro survival of Lal Ambri explants (44.21 %) was achieved when the MS basal media was fortified with antioxidant combination of ascorbic acid (100 mgl-1) and citric acid (150 mgl-1). These explants were initially kept at 4±3ºC for three days under complete darkness and then transferred to culture room 23±1ºC for remaining duration of experiment. Establishment of Lal Ambri explants was maximum (40.11 %) in MS semi-solid media supplemented with BAP 0.50 mgl-1 and IBA 0.05 mgl-1. Highest multiplication efficiency in terms of proliferation (5.96 shoots/explant) was achieved in Murashige and Skoog’s medium supplemented with BAP + Kinetin each at 0.50 mgl-1. Regarding micrografting the first experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of scion origin having varied scion lengths grafted at different rootstock developmental stages. It was determined that the success of micrografting was affected by the shoot tip origin and highest values (16.78%) were obtained from in vitro shoot tips. Regarding treatment combinations consisting of three variables tested: scion origin, scion length and rootstock developmental stage, highest graft success (21.88%) was achieved when in vitro shoot tips of 10mm length were micrografted on rootstock developmental stage II. For increasing in vitro graft success, investigations were conducted to overcome browning/ necrosis using antioxidants. All the antioxidant treatments increased the graft success and reduced browning/necrosis of micrografted plantlets. However, highest graft success (28.81%) was achieved with citric acid at 1.0 mM. The influence of grafting methods revealed that vertical slit method gave maximum graft success (23.83%) which decreased to (21.00% to 13.10%) in wedge and horizontal method, respectively. Semi-solid media at 3 per cent sucrose showed highest graft success (24.55%) and less contamination (3.50%) than other media formulations tested. Vigour of plantlet was observed more in liquid media at 3 per cent sucrose (2.48) but vitrification increased to 16.32 per cent in the same media. Compared to the antioxidant solution used before, graft success was influenced when the antioxidant solution citric acid 1.0 mM was supplemented additionally with growth regulators. The combination of Kinetin (0.5 mgl-1) and 2, 4-D (5 mgl-1) gave maximum graft success (42.25%) as compared to 25.00 per cent in control. Based on these studies, micrografting scheme for in vitro micrografting of Lal Ambri apple on M-9 rootstock have been developed
Does tramadol wound infiltration offer an advantage over bupivacaine for post operative analgesia in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy and orchidopexy.
No full textObjective: To evaluate and assess post operative pain in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy / orchidopexy under general ansaesthesia and to see whether tramadol wound infiltration offers an advantage over bupivacaine infiltration for providing post operative analgesia following such operations.
Study design: Prospective, randomized, hospital based study.
Material & Methods: 75 children of ASA I and I I, age 1-7 years, scheduled for elective unilateral inguinal herniotomy / orchidopexy were randomly allocated to 3 groups- A, B & C, who received wound infiltration with either tramadol 2mg/kg in 0.2ml/kg of saline (Group A); 0.2ml/kg of 0.25% bupivacaine (Group B) or 2 mg/kg tramadol intramuscularly 20 minutes before end of procedure (Group C). Pre-operative all children were assessed as per the study protocol and an informed consent to participate in the study was taken from parents. During the study period all patients were monitored for respiratory rate, pulse rate, pain score, requirement of rescue analgesia and post operative complications for the first 24 hours post operatively.
Results: Patients in group A had lower pain scores, respiratory rate and pulse rate than group B and group C (p0.05).
Conclusions: Post operative analgesia was significantly prolonged and fewer analgesics were required after wound infiltration with tramadol. Thus, our study demonstrates that wound infiltration with tramadol is a good choice for post operative analgesia in children under going inguinal herniotomy / orchidopexy
Study on yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen, variety and spacing under temperate conditions in Kashmir
No full textAs investigation entitled “Study on yield and quality of baby corn (Zea mays L.) as influenced by nitrogen, variety and spacing under temperate conditions of Kashmir” was undertaken at Shalimar Campus, Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar during Kharif 2007 and 2008. The experiment consisted of three factors viz. three nitrogen levels (N50, N100, N150 kg ha-1), two baby corn cultivars viz. (VL-78 and C6) in main plots and four spacings [60 cm x 20 cm (83,000 plants ha–1), 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha–1), 40 cm x 20 cm (1,25,000 plants ha–1) and 40 cm x 15 cm (1,66, 000 plants ha–1)] in subplots and was laid out in a split plot design replicated thrice. The findings revealed that the plant height and dry matter accumulation of baby corn increased significantly and consistently at different stages with nitrogen application up to 150 kg ha-1. Further C6 variety planted at 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha–1) spacing produced significantly taller plants with higher dry matter at different growth stages compared to VL-78 at this spacing. C6 planted at 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha–1) and supplied with 100 kg N ha-1 took significantly more days to reach different phenological stages. Similar trend was also noticed in case of days to harvest initiation. The crop duration viz. harvest completion was significantly more with cultivar VL-78 supplied with 150 kg N ha-1 and planted at spacing of 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha–1). Growing degree-days (GDD) to various phenological stages and accumulated thermal units increased with 150 kg N ha-1 along with variety C6.
The yield attributes viz. cobs plant-1, cob length with and without husk, cob girth and cob weight increased significantly and consistently with nitrogen application up to 150 kg N ha-1. Number of cobs was significantly more in VL-78 whereas, other yield attributes were higher in C6 cultivar. A plant spacing of 60 cm x 20 cm (83,000 plants ha–1) recorded significantly higher values of all yield contributing characters. Both baby corn yield with and without husk increased significantly and consistently with nitrogen application up to 150 kg ha-1 in cultivar VL-78 planted at a spacing 50 cm x 20 cm (1,00,000 plants ha–1) whereas, green fodder yield was significantly higher in C6 variety planted at 40 cm x 15 cm (1,66,000 plants ha–1) spacing and supplied with 150 kg N ha-1.
Nitrogen content and uptake by cob and forage improved significantly with nitrogen application up to 150 kg ha-1. These parameters were significantly higher in C6 compared to VL-78 at a spacing 60 cm x 20 cm (83,000 plants ha–1) ove
Standardization of Water Requirement in Almond cv. Shalimar
No full textThe present investigation was carried out at Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (CITH) Srinagar on eight year old almond plantation [Prunus dulcis (Mill.)] cv. Shalimar during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. The study was undertaken to determine the effect of different irrigation levels vis-a-vis various phenological stages on vegetative development and yield parameters. The experiment carried out in RCBD with four replications, consisted of four different irrigation levels viz., 0% ETc (I0), 100% ETc (I1), 75% ETc (I2) and 50% ETc (I3), and four crop phenological stages viz., fruit growth stage (C1), kernel filling stage (C¬2), preharvest stage (C3) and throughout the season (C4). Irrigation applied at various phenological stages did not increase vegetative growth of almond in terms of trunk girth and leaf area during 2008. However a significant increase in trunk girth and leaf area was noticed with irrigation during 2009. Bloom intensity and fruit set significantly increased with irrigation during 1st year which further increased during the subsequent year. Maximum bloom intensity (40.97%) and (46.16%), and fruit set (36.02%) and (39.09%) were recorded with highest irrigation level when applied throughout the season (I1 C4) during the respective years. Nut weight, kernel weight and their size recorded a significant improvement with irrigation. Highest nut weight (3.0 and 3.15g) and kernel weight (1.55 and 1.63g) were recorded in I1C4 during 1st and 2nd year, respectively. Yield of almond improved significantly with irrigation. Maximum yield (2.68Kg/tree) was recorded with 100% ETc level, applied throughout the growth stage (I1C4) during 1st year which further improved during 2nd year to the tune of 3.10Kg/tree. Shelling percentage of almond also recorded a significant increase with irrigation in both the years. Shelling percentage of 52.49 and 53.55% were recorded in I1C4 during the respective years. It is pertinent to mention here that most of the flowering and yield attributes of almond recorded at100% ETc level were statistically at par with 75% ETc level of irrigation at C1 and C4 stages. The percentage of defective kernels in terms of shrivelled kernel were recorded highest in control trees while as irrigated trees recorded the lowest. The NPK content of almond leaves increased significantly with irrigation. Similarly, Leaf Relative Water Content (RWC) was significantly higher in trees receiving highest irrigation level as compared to control trees. The water use efficiency was lowest at highest irrigation level compared to all other treatments. Hence, for commercial production, this nut crop needs to be irrigated for its optimal growth and development during the growing season. Furthermore, irrigation is very necessary for enhancing the flowering and fruiting characteristics of mature almond plantation and for long term productivity. 75% ETc level seems to be the best irrigation level wherein highest yield potential besides a saving of 25% water is achieved. Moreover, the flowering stage and especially early fruit growth stages seem to be the critical stages of irrigation in almond wherein water stress conditions can adversely affect the growth and development of this nut crop and that the post harvest irrigation in almond may prove to be beneficial in increasing the subsequent year flowering and fruit set. The two months prior to harvest are relatively less sensitive to water stress, when the process of dry matter accumulation goes on and where we can use Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) strategies without adversely affecting the yield potential of this nut crop
Analysis and design of rectangular microstrip antenna on two-layer substrate materials at terahertz frequency
Get PDFSpinal anaesthesia for caesarean section with low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine with or without fentanyl in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension - a comparative study.
No full textObjectives: 1. To compare the effects of low dose intrathecal bupivacaine and combination of bupivacaine and fentanyl in pregnancy induced hypertension patients.2. To compare the haemodynamic changes between the two groups.3. To compare the quality of analgesia between the two groups.4. To compare foetal outcome between two groups.
Study Design & Setting: Prospective Double Blind, Hospital based Study.
Materials & Methods: 50 ASA grade II patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were divided into 2 groups as Group I (Bupivacaine) and Group II (Bupivacaine-Fentanyl). Haemodynamic variables like systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate were recorded every 2 minutes upto delivery of baby and then every 5 minutes until end of surgery. Sensory block and motor block alongwith side effects were recorded. Pain was evaluated using visual analogue scale and neonatal outcome assessed using APGAR scoring.
Results: Haemodynamic parameters like heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure between the study and control group, were comparable and statistically not significant. On comparing the highest sensory level achieved between the two groups, statistically significant difference was observed.. The time taken for sensory regression to T12 level (minutes) between the two groups was statistically significant with a longer duration (209.9 min) in the group II compared to 162.6 min in group I.
Conclusion: The spinal fentanyl- bupivacaine mixture produces a significant prolongation of sensory block, prolongs the duration of analgesia and achieves a higher level of sensory block as compared to bupivacaine alone. This combination does not hasten the onset of sensory or motor block and does not prolong the duration of motor block or produce haemodynamic instability