Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Effect of Different Levels of Sulphur and Boron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
No full textThe present investigation entitled “Effect of Different Levels of Sulphur and Boron on Growth, Yield and Quality of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was carried out at experimental field of Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-K Shalimar during rabi 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiment comprised of 16 treatment combinations which include S0B0 (RDF 100% 25:60:60 N:P2¬O5: : K2O kg ha-1 + 20t FYM ha-1), S0 B1 (1 kg B ha-1), S0 B2 (2 kg B ha-1), S0 B3 (3 kg B ha-1), S1 B0 (15kg S ha-1), S1 B1 (15kg S ha-1 +1 kg B ha-1) S1 B2 (15kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1), S1 B3 (15kg S ha-1 + 3 kg B ha-1), S2 B0 (30 kg S ha-1), S2 B1 ( 30 kg S ha-1 +1 kg B ha-1), S2 B2 (30 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1), S2 B3 (30 kg S ha-1 +3 kg B ha-1), S3 B0 (45 kg S ha-1), S3 B1 ( 45 kg S ha-1 + 1 kg B ha-1), S3 B2 (45 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1), and S3 B3 (45 kg S ha-1 + 3 kg B ha-1). Observation were recorded on various aspects like growth, yield and quality attributes of garden pea, nutrient uptake, concentration of nutrients in pea grains at different stages of growth and chemical properties of soil.
Treatment combination S2 B2 (30 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1) recorded significantly higher values for plant height (76.28cm), number of branches plant-1 (4.54), number of green pods plant-1(18.42), green pod yield plant-1 (44.20 g), green pod yield ha-1(147.34 q), fresh weight plant-1 (95.27 g), dry weight plant-1 (0.48 g). number of seeded pods plant-1 (7.00), number of seeds pod-1 (5.95), seed yield plant-1 (7.20 g), seed yield ha-1 (24.0 q), 100- seed weight (17.32 g), Stover yield ha-1 (25.54 q), protein content of pea grains at green stage (7.80 %), protein content of pea grains at dry stage (26.70 %), carbohydrate content of pea grains at green stage (16.97 %), carbohydrate content of pea grains at dry stage (54.91 %), moisture content of pea grains at green stage (76.25 %), moisture content of pea grains at dry stage (15.08%), concentration of nutrients in pea grains at green stage (1.235 % N, 0.140 % P, 0.365 % K, 0.098 % S and 52.32 ppm B) concentration of nutrients in pea grains at dry stage (4.27 % N, 0.675 % P, 1.76 % K, 0.410 % S and 66.25 ppm B), nutrient uptake (94.94 kg ha-1 N, 11.60 kg ha-1 P, 43.65 kg ha-1 K, 14.40 kg ha-1 S and 206 g ha-1B), soil pH (7.13), electrical conductivity (0.156 dsm-1), organic carbon (1.378 %), available nutrients (302.90 kg ha-1N, 31.20 kg ha-1 P, 193.66 kg ha-1 and 2.36 ppm B), number of nodules plant-1 (44.50), fresh weight of nodules plant-1 (0.53 g) and dry weight of nodules plant -1 (0.09 g). Treatment combination S3 B2 (45 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1) recorded higher values for available S (12.84 kg ha-1). However, S2 B3 (30 kg S ha-1 + 3 kg B ha-1) exhibited at par results with S2B2 for some characters. For green pod production, S2 B1 (30 kg S ha-1 + 1 kg B ha-1) recorded maximum net returns of Rs 56244.76 with returns Re-1 invested of 1.66. In case of seed production in garden pea, S2 B2 (30 kg S ha-1 + 2kg B ha-1) recorded maximum net returns of RS. 141243.0 with returns Re-1 invested of 2.43. Thus the present study revealed that S2 B2 (30 kg S ha-1 + 2 kg B ha-1) exhibited superiority over other treatment combinations with respect to almost all the characters of garden pea and soil health
Managing Knowledge Repository in Kashmir: Leap towards a Knowledge Based Society
Get PDFKnowledge is considered as the lifeline of global economy and its proper management leads to successful knowledge economies. Knowledge based society calls for effective knowledge management and a great need is felt in Kashmir, where it is in its teething stage. Times immemorial, knowledge in different forms has emancipated from Kashmir valley but due to number of reasons it couldn’t find its judicious use. So, a need to develop a knowledge based repository to enable collaboration among different societal organizations across the barriers of time and space is felt. The paper discusses the strategies to be adopted for managing a knowledge based repository that can provide the ability to connect end-users to a single gateway of customized, personalized, consolidated, integrated, and enhanced knowledge
Analysis of Operating Systems and Browsers: A Usage Metrics
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to examine the growth of FOSS and
proprietary operating systems and browsing software used in computers and
various types of mobile phone devices around the world.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The data is gathered from StatCounter
(http://gs.statcounter.com) - one of the biggest web analytics service. The
collected data is analysed keeping objectives of the study in view.
Findings: It offers a thorough insight of yearly and cumulative growth of software
industry. As for as OS market is concerned Mac OSX and Linux have increased their
share. Linux has increased from 0.69% in 2009 to 0.78% in 2010. Accordingly year
wise growth of mobile operating systems show iOS is losing its market share by
dipping to 25.48% in 2010 from 34.01% in 2009, while as BlackBerry and Android
have increased their share by 8.34% and 6.41% respectively. Browser Internet
Explorer (IE) is showing declining trend with 52.77% share in May, 2010 against
44.52% in April, 2011, whereas Firefox is maintaining a study trend during same
period with 31.64% share in May, 2010 with slight depreciation (29.67%) in May,
2011. However, in mobile browser arena all the browsers are showing a declining
trend in 2010 when compared to 2009 except Android, BlackBerry, Samsung and
NetFront. BlackBerry has increased by 8.15% and Android- an open source mobile
browser has increased its market share by 6.63% augurs well for FOSS movement.
Originality/Value: The paper explore the market share of FOSS in OSs and
browsers. It deciphers in detail the FOSS growth and increasing market share and
can help stakeholders to take future course of action in this arena
An Ethnosemantic Analysis of the Cultural Lexicon of Kashmiri Language
Get PDFThe study of culture has been a principal topic of research from early
times. Owing to its vast and multidimensional nature, a great deal of
literature has been produced on its various aspects.
The term culture is multidimensional and has got a wide range of
meanings. Without claiming to provide an exhaustive or indisputable
definition, it may be remarked that culture is the index of the progress of
human society. It entails the shared patterns or modules for living which
pervade all aspects of human social interaction. The perception,
interpretation, expression of the people to the social realities around them
is well maintained and managed by the culture they share.
According to Eliot (1948:27), culture may be defined simply as
that which makes life worth living. He further views culture from three
different associations based on the assumption as to what we bear in
mind, i.e., as per the development of an individual, or that of a group or
class, or that of a whole society.
Culture is a patterned behaviour. The functional prerequisites of a
culture include the people, the language, social organization (kinship and
network of agreements), and the ideology (belief systems/world view). It
is, rather, a diverse term to define, as depicted in the following table
Reproductive Biology of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
Get PDFBiodiversity is one of the vital treasures of any nation. A healthy
biological diversity can contribute immensely to the economy of a
nation.This variety is endorsed/measured by different estimates and the values
varying with different reports and authorities.The diversity
of living organisms or biodiversity is of paramount importance for keeping the
various processes and phenomena operative in the biosphere.The present study includes various methods and scientific approaches which were
carried out in the field, laboratory and in natural habitats to understand
the reproductive biology of Valeriana jatamansi. Being categorized as
critically endangered, it catches our immediate attention to study its
reproductive biology so as to develop any conservational protocol for its
survival and widespread growth
Biology and Management of Mealy Bug, Drosicha dalbergiae (Stebbing) (Homoptera : Margarodidae) on Almond (Prunus dulcis Mill)
No full textThe studies on the “Biology and Management of Mealy Bug, Drosicha dalbergiae (Stebbing) (Homoptera : Margarodidae) on Almond (Prunus dulcis)” were carried out during the year 2007-2008 in the Biological control laboratory, Division of Entomology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar and under field conditions ie. orchard of Horticulture Development Department (J&K Govt.) Zawoora, Khanmoh, Srinagar. The studies on various biological parameters revealed that the pre-oviposition, oviposition, post-oviposition, incubation, 1-5th larval instars, and male/female adult longevity period were 1.40±0.2, 13.0±1.2, 2.50±0.2, 67.3±1.1, 263.0±0.2, 3.9±0.2/16.9±1.6 (M/F) days, respectively. The average fecundity per female was recorded as 122.30±0.6 with the Sex ratio of 1:2 (M: F).The total developmental period (egg to adult) was recorded 349.1± 7.1 days with only one generation per year. The mean pest population of mealy bugs/100 cm2 in rhizosphere and trunk ranged from 19.65 to 47.90 from 9th to 26th standard week and a decline in mean pest population from 43.0 to 26.6 from 27th to 29th standard week was observed, during 2007-2008, respectively. The studies on management of almond mealy bug, D. dalbergiae carried out during 2007-2008 under field conditions revealed that among soil insecticides applied in March, carbaryl (10% dust) showed maximum cumulative mortality per cent of 51.22 followed by chlorpyrifos (10G) to the extent of 47.78 per cent. The order of efficacy with respect to cumulative mean per cent mortality among the foliar insecticides applied at recommended concentrations during the month of May 2007-2008 against mealy bug, D. dalbergiae showed the following trend; methyl-o-demeton (64.08) > dimethoate (56.95) > chlorpyrifos (45.61) > M.anisoplae (17.33) > B.brongniartii (15.32) > B.bassiana (10.99) 30 days after treatment., respectively. The efficacy of soil as well as foliar insectiticides when applied on same plants revealed that the highest mean mortality per cent of 71.13 was obtained when carbaryl (10 % dust) in the month of March followed by dimethoate (0.03%) applied during May 2007-2008.The lowest mean mortality per cent of 44.98 was recorded with B.brongnartii (1x108) and quinalphos (5% dust)
Isolation and Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for the Biological Control of Important Insect Pests of Crops in Kashmir
No full textThe present investigations were conducted to identify the entomopathogenic nematodes in Kashmir soil, to develop methods for their laboratory production, to ascertain the effectiveness of most virulent nematode species against major insect pests of local importance and to study their survival. Out of 244 soil samples tested 15 (6.15%) were found positive for entomopathogenic nematodes out of which 03 isolates were identified as heterorhabditids and 02 as steinernematids. The nematode isolate SKUASTK-EPN-Hr 01, identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 1976 was found most virulent against Galleria mellonella @ 20 IJs/larva.
The virulence of H. bacteriophora against G. mellonella, Corcyra cephalonica and Bombyx mori showed that after 48-72 h, 100% mortality was recorded in all the insect hosts. The LC50 and the LT50 values for the EPN considering 48 h time and 20 IJs/larva as standard against G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori were 10.17, 28.72 and 23.81 IJs/larva, and 38.64, 53.04 and 49.20 h after exposure, respectively. The average production of H. bacteriophora in the three insect species ranged from 158.74 to 326.16 x 103, 6.47 to 19.12 x 103 and 13.19 to 110.53 x 103 IJs/larva and that from per gram of host body weight from 1557.79 to 1933.55 x 103, 217.38 to 335.43 x 103 and 71.03 to 128.00 x 103 IJs/g, respectively. The total time period between larval mortality and the cessation of emergence of H. bacteriophora from the cadavers of the three insect species ranged from 19-28, 16-24 and 23-41 days in G. mellonella, C. cephalonica and B. mori, respectively.
All the treatments of H. bacteriophora (100-750 IJs/grub) were found to kill the 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of white grub, Heteronychus robustus. The LC50 values of H. bacteriophora ranged from 170.08 to 94.87, 225.94 to 106.38 and 1033.59 to 231.93 IJs/grub at 4-7 days and that the LT50 values from 6.35 to 1.62, 7.25 to 2.27 and 10.59 to 4.33 days at 100-750 IJs/grub of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar grubs of H. robustus in Petri dish bioassay technique, respectively. The LC50 values of H. bacteriophora ranged from 1243.67 to 140.46, 1265.86 to 164.73 and 1641.86 to 169.40 IJs/grub at 3-7, 3-7 and 5-10 days and that the LT50 values from 7.29 to 4.32, 7.53 to 5.19 and 11.08 to 6.82 days at 100-750 IJs/grub of 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar grubs of H. robustus in sand bioassay technique, respectively. The average production of H. bacteriophora was found to be 49.98 x 103, 91.95 x 103 and 262.56 x 103 IJs/grub and that from per gram of host body weight was 357.80 x 103, 303.13 x 103 and 271.61 x 103 IJs/g in 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of H. robustus, respectively. The total duration of nematode emergence recorded during the period between the initiation and cessation of emergence of infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged from 15-18, 17-20 and 42-45 days in 1st, 2nd and 3rd larval instars of H. robustus, respectively.
The virulence of H. bacteriophora against 3rd larval instars of cut worm, Agrotis ipsilon revealed that after 96 h, 100% mortality was recorded in all the nematode concentrations in Petri dish bioassay method and up to 100 IJs/larva in sand bioassay method. The LC50 and the LT50 values for the EPN considering 48 h time and 100 IJs/larva as standard against 3rd larval instars of A. ipsilon were 52.72 and 116.39 IJs/larva, and 31.49 and 53.34 h after exposure in Petri dish and sand bioassay methods, respectively.
The pathogenicity of H. bacteriophora against 3rd, 4th and 5th instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae showed that 100% mortality of the insect was recorded in all the instars up to dosage of 20 IJs/larva. The LC50 and the LT50 values for the EPN considering 48 h time and 20 IJs/larva as standard against 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae were 12.53, 18.92 and 29.02 IJs/larva and 34.48, 47.61 and 50.24 h after exposure, respectively. The average production of H. bacteriophora was found to be 7.02 x 103, 25.74 x 103 and 58.45 x 103 IJs/larva and that from per gram of host body weight was 91.49 x 103, 151.30 x 103 and 233.78 x 103 IJs/g in 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae, respectively. The total duration of nematode emergence recorded during the period between larval mortality and cessation of emergence of infective juveniles from the cadavers ranged 17-19, 23-25 and 26-29 days after mortality in case of 3rd, 4th and 5th larval instars of P. brassicae, respectively.
The pathogenicity of H. bacteriophora against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella revealed that 100% mortality of the pest was recorded in all the instars up to dosage of 20 IJs/larva. The LC50 and the LT50 values for the EPN considering 48 h time and 20 IJs/larva as standard against 3rd and 4th larval instars of P. xylostella were 11.20 and 16.40 IJs/larva and 34.39 and 41.12 h after exposure, respectively.
The pathogenicity of H. bacteriophora against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae revealed that 72 h after exposure there were 91.46, 76.83, 70.73, 47.56, 42.68 and 34.15% mortality at the dosages of 60, 50, 40, 30, 20 and 10 IJs/aphid, respectively. The LC50 and the LT50 values for the EPN considering 48 h time and 40 IJs/aphid as standard against B. brassicae were 41.52 IJs/aphid and 52.91 h after exposure, respectively.
The survival of H. bacteriophora in sand or soil showed that the nematode survival was not affected drastically even at the end of 120 days of storage under laboratory conditions. Based on the studies, the best combination of temperature regime, duration of storage and population density for the storage of H. bacteriophora, was refrigeration, 14 weeks and 200 IJs/ml. Among the formulations tested, the mean per cent survival of H. bacteriophora after 12th week of exposure was 79.00, 66.20 and 91.20% in HP spray oil, glycerin and SDW, respectively
Cause and Post Harvest Management of Bacterial Soft Rot of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.)
No full textSoft rot is one of the most destructive diseases of vegetable crops including cabbage. The disease can be found on crops in the field, transit, storage or during marketing resulting in major economic losses. Present studies aimed at studying the status, cause and its post harvest management strategy. Periodical surveys conducted during 2008-09 revealed that the soft rot of cabbage is prevalent in all the vegetable markets of Kashmir valley throughout the year with varied incidence and intensity during different months of the year. Highest average soft rot incidence of 31.54 per cent with intensity of 15.06 per cent was recorded during the month of June followed by an incidence and intensity of 29.79 and 14.70 per cent, respectively during the month of August. Among the various districts surveyed, the highest disease incidence (17.53%) and intensity (9.67%) was recorded in Anantnag and the lowest 12.87 and 6.30%, respectively in district Srinagar. The causal pathogen responsible for soft rot in cabbage under temperate conditions of Kashmir valley was identified as Erwinia carotovora sub-sp. carotovora. Four isolates of Erwinia carotovora, isolated from cabbage, potato and carrot and one isolate of soft rot causing Rhizopus sp. were evaluated for their ability to produce pectinases. The results showed that carrot isolate of Erwinia carotovora showed the highest activity of pectinases. Rhizopus isolate showed least pectinase activity as compared to bacterial isolates. Studies on host range of pathogen under artificial conditions revealed that all the seven vegetables species tested, viz., knol khol (Brassica oleracea var caulorapa), potato (Solanum tuberosum), onion (Alium cepa), carrot (Dacus carota) and cucumber (Cucumis sativa) were infected by the pathogen with varying intensities. Experiments conducted to standardize optimum temperature for growth of the pathogen revealed its ability to grow at temperatures ranging from 15 to 40 oC. The highest growth of the inoculated broth was recorded at 30oC (optical density 0.273) followed by 25 oC and 35 oC, respectively. Soft rot development also varied with prevalent temperature. Maximum soft rot (39.99 per cent) was recorded at a temperature of 30oC followed by 35oC. In-vitro studies on bioassay of chemicals against Erwinia carotovora sub-sp. carotovora reveal that Ciprofloxacin proved highly inhibitive to bacterial growth by producing highest inhibition zone (21 mm) followed by penicillin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline. These antibiotics were selected for post- harvest management of the disease in storage and the studies revealed that Ciprofloxacin at 200µg ml-1 was most effective when used as pre, simultaneous, and post inoculation sprays of cabbage heads. Other three antibiotics viz., penicillin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline also gave good control of the disease. Cabbage heads treated with ciprofloxacin (200µg ml-1) packed in net bags showed lowest intensity of 4.5 % with a weight loss of 3.01 % due to maceration after six days of storage, where as cabbage heads packed in poly bags without any chemical treatment showed highest rot intensity of 77.78 percent with a weight loss of 69.50 per cent due to maceration during the same course of time
Variability in Alternaria mali (Roberts) and Management of Alternaria Leaf Blotch of Apple through Systemic Acquired Resistance Activators
No full textSeven districts of the valley were surveyed to record the status of Alternaria leaf blotch disease of apple. The disease was prevalent in all the districts surveyed with an overall disease incidence and intensity of 42.11 and 21.68 per cent, respectively. Highest disease incidence and intensity was recorded in district Pulwama and least in district Shopian. Pathogenic behaviour of twenty one isolates of Alternaria mali, isolated from apple leaves of cv. Red Delicious, was established following Koch,s postulates. Morpho-cultural and molecular studies were made to ascertain the prevalence of variability among the isolates. Colonies varied in their cultural behaviour ranging from velvetty to cottony, mostly appressed, with regular to irregular margins. Colour of the colonies ranged between light to dark olivacious. Growth rate of isolates was between 5.86 to 8.21 mm with fast growth in Am-13 and least in Am-5. Isolates impregnated media with colour ranging between grey to brown. Morphological studies of isolates revealed variations in their colour, size, shape and septations of hyphae, conidiophore and conidia. Significant variations were observed in conidiophore and conidial septations. Average conidial size varied from 21.36-31.74 µm x 8.34-14.48 µm. Isolates when tested for their virulence revealed variation in incubation period and number and size of the lesions produced. Isolate Am-1 was categorized as most virulent. The dendrogram analysis based on cultural, morphological and pathogenic studies revealed high diversity within Alternaria mali population. At 67 per cent similarity matrix all the isolates formed 2 clusters with 12 isolates in cluster I and 9 in cluster II. However dendrogram on molecular (RAPD) basis revealed 5 clusters at 68 per cent Dice similarity coefficient. There was no congruence between the RAPD pattern and cultural, morphological and pathogenic characters. Isolates that were identical for one spectrum were often dissimilar for other spectrum. Commercially important apple cultivars were screened for resistance against Alternaria mali and disease resistance of variable magnitude was observed in available germplasm. White Dotted Red was highly resistant and American Apirouge resistant in reaction. Red Delicious and Red Gold were highly susceptible. All the Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) chemicals tested against the disease significantly lowered the disease as compared to check. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) at a concentration of 2000 ppm was most effective with least disease intensity before and after pathogenic inoculation. The other SAR chemicals in decreasing order of their efficacy were tri-potassium phosphate (K3PO4), benzothiadiazole S-methyl ester (BTH), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), di-potassium ortho-phosphate (K2HPO4) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Penconazole used as standard check proved superior to all the SAR activators, except BABA
Studies on Processing and Storage of Walnuts (Juglans regia L )
No full textThe present investigations on processing and storage of walnuts were carried out at Food Processing and Training Centre, Division of Post Harvest Technology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during 2007 to 2009. Green walnuts were subjected to different concentrations of ethephon for various dip and holdimg durations for enhancement of hull dehiscence and shell appearance. In addition, whole walnuts and walnut kernels were dried using different drying techniques, and kernels pretreated with various antioxidants were packed in different packaging materials to monitor the changes in various quality attributes during 18o days of ambient storage. Post harvest application of ethephon significantly increased the hull dehiscence compared to control (water dip) and maximum dehiscence of 93.87 per cent was recorded in samples subjected to ethephon (@ 3000 ppm) for dip duration of 24 hours and holding duration of 9 days. Bleaching of whole walnuts in acidified sodium chlorite significantly improved shell colour and best colour scores were achieved in samples dipped in 1.0 per cent concentration solution for 6 minutes. Shell colour decreased significantly from 3.40 to 3.13 values during 180 days of storage but showed no deterioration upto 45 days of storage. Drying of whole walnut from an initial moisture content (db) of 81.98 per cent to final moisture of 11.74 and 12.38 per cent was achieved in 36 and 23 hours in sun- and solar tunnel drying, respectively, while as in mechanical drying at (40 and 45oC) it took 21 and 18 hours, respectively. In case of kernel drying, the final moisture content (db) of about 5 per cent from an initial content of 37.93 per cent was achieved in 18, 14, 13 and 9 hours in that order. Drying methods exhibited non-significant effect on the moisture content of the whole walnut, while as their packaging in polyethylene resulted in significantly lowest moisture content compared glass or PET packaging throughout storage. Mechanically (40oC) dried and glass packaged whole walnuts proved significantly superior by exhibiting highest crude fat content (59.82%), maximum iodine value (145.72) and minimum peroxide value (3.17) compared to rest of treatment combinations throughout storage. Mechanical drying of whole walnuts and their packaging in glass proved significantly superior in maintaining shell colour as well as colour, taste and texture of kernels compared to rest of the treatment combinations; but after 45 to 180 days of storage, there was a gradual decline in these attributes irrespective of treatments. Application of antioxidants showed a non-significant influence on moisture content of kernels. Vacuum packaged kernels recorded significantly higher moisture content (4.08%) compared to cellophane packed samples (3.81%). Application of BHT+BHA (0.015% each) to kernels and their packaging in vacuum packaging proved more effective in maintaining higher fat content, higher iodine value and lower peroxide value compared to rest of the treatments. However, there was a gradual decrease in fat content and iodine value, and increase in peroxide value with increase in storage period. Furthermore, colour, taste and texture of kernels was significantly influenced by antioxidants, packaging materials and storage periods except that antioxidants exclusively did not show any significant effect on texture. Application of BHT+BHA (0.015% each) treatment as well as vacuum packaging of kernels proved most effective by exhibiting maximum colour, taste and texture values than that of BHT (0.03%) or BHA (0.03%) treatments and cellophane packaging upto 180 days of ambient storage