Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
Knowledge Repository Open NetworkNot a member yet
1128 research outputs found
Sort by
Correlation Functions and Distribution Functions as Descriptions of the Cosmological Many-body Problem
No full textDesign, Development and Characterization of Glass Resistive Plate Chambers for Muon Detection”
No full textResistive plate chambers (RPC) are rugged and affordable gas
detectors that have found extensive use in high energy physics and astroparticle
experiments [1]. The main features of these counters are the very
large pulse height, reduced cost per unit area and good (about 1ns) time
resolution. The field has enjoyed very lively progress in recent years,
including the introduction of new (avalanche) mode of operation, improvement
of the time resolution for minimum ionizing particles, and the achievement of
position resolution of a few tens of micrometers [2]. These new developments
have extended the range of high energy physics experiment applications and
promise new developments in medical imaging.
The first detector mounting resistive electrodes was the Planar Spark
Chamber (PSC), which was built by Pestov. The signal was extracted by
means of copper strips glued on the anode. The Pestov Spark Counter [3, 4]
with a 0.1 mm gap achieved a time resolution of 25 ps. The very thin gap
combined with the high values of the electric field (500 kV/cm) demand a
very good surface smoothness of the electrodes. The detector while operated at
a large overpressure, viz. at 12 bars, ensures a sufficiently large number of
primary electron-ion pairs in the thin gap which in turn results in good
detection efficiency. Figure 1.1 shows a simple schematic of a Pestov Spark
Counter.
Resistive plate chambers were introduced by R. Santonico and R.
Cardarelli [5] as a practical alternative to the remarkable ‘localized discharge
spark counter’, which ultimately reached a time resolution of 25 ps. The
resulting detector free from damaging discharges and enjoying a good time
resolution has found a good acceptance in high energy and astro-particle
physics experiments. RPC is based on essentially the same principle as that
of Pestov’s Planar Spark Chamber [6]. Nevertheless drastic simplifications
were introduced in its realization
Impact of Brick Kiln Emissions on the Ambient Air Quality and Vegetation: A Case Study of District Budgam
Get PDFIt has been said that the study of bricks is the study of civilization. Bricks made of
mud and straw have been used for thousands of years. Some bricks over ten
thousand years old have been discovered. In India, the history of making bricks is
almost 5000 years old which is as old as the earliest known Indian civilization
“Indus Valley Civilization”. It is actually owing to the discovery of some old bricks
during the construction of railway track from Karachi to Punjab in mid 19th century
that ultimately led archaeologists to the discovery of Indus Valley Civilization. The
people of that civilization extensively used bricks to lay complex mathematically
planned cities. Some of these towns were almost 3 miles in diameter and housed as
many as 30,000 residents. Even now, nearly 5000 years later, bricks are being used
extensively across the country, so much so, that India is the second largest
producer of bricks after China. Estimated brick production during 2000-2001 was
close to 140 billion, most of which was in unorganized sector in small units. Today
there are more than one lac brick kilns clustered in rural and peri-urban areas of
the country (Maithel et al. 2003)
Effect of Various Substrates on Growth, Flower and Tuber Production of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Desf.) cv. Pink Attraction
No full textAn experiment entitled Effect of Various Substrates on Growth, Flowering and Tuber Production of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Desf.) cv. ‘Pink Attraction’ was carried out in the earthen pots at the Research Farm, Division of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during 2007 and 2008. There were twelve treatments of growing substrates comprising of soil, FYM + sand (1:1), sheep manure + sand (1:1), poultry manure + sand (1:1), cocopeat + FYM (1:1), perlite + FYM (1:1), vermiculite + FYM (1:1), soil + FYM + sand (1:1:1), soil + sheep manure + sand (1:1:1), soil + cocopeat + FYM (1:1:1), soil + perlite + FYM (1:1:1), soil + vermiculite + FYM (1:1:1). The study revealed that medium cocopeat + FYM (1:1) recorded maximum plant height (54.72 cm), number of leaves (102.93), primary branches (8.30), stem diameter (10.68 mm) and plant spread (3364.45 cm2). Cocopeat + FYM (1:1) also recorded earliness in flowering (82.0 day) and maximum flower diameter (12.6 cm), length of flower stalk (9.5 cm), number of flowers/plant (18.5), fresh weight of flowers (20.8 g), duration of flowering (13.5) and flower yield (253.8 g/plant). Moreover the various physiological parameters in Dahlia were also influenced markedly by the growing substrates cocopeat peat + FYM (1:1). However, maximum number of tubers/plant (14.8) and fresh weight of tubers (213.1 g) were recorded under substrate vermiculite + FYM (1:1). The maximum net return was obtained with cocopeat + FYM medium.
Viewing of these effects, it is concluded that substrates cocopeat + FYM (1:1) can be taken for better plant growth and flower production whereas vermiculite + FYM (1:1) can be effectively used for tuber production in Dahlia cv. Pink Attraction under Kashmir valley conditions
Studies on Herbaceous Perennials of Kashmir Valley for Landscape Use
No full textThe present investigation entitled “Studies on Herbaceous Perennials of Kashmir Valley for Landscape Use” were conducted during the years 2006-2009 in three districts of Kashmir valley. For this purpose four representative sites were selected and observations on prominent characteristics viz. morphology, habit, habitat and mode of propagation, mature height, foliage colour and texture characteristics of flower, fruit and landscape use were recorded by making exploratory trips to these sites. The study revealed a large number of ornamental herbaceous perennials growing satisfactory in this environment.
A total of 164 species belonging to 118 genera have been described. The study encompassed 82 herbaceous perennials, 53 bulbous plants and 29 ground covers.
Among the taxa, studied most of the species, 52.43 per cent were of erect nature, while as 16.46 per cent belong to the spreading groups, 14.63 per cent was observed to follow mound and 8.53 per cent to clump habit, 2.43 per cent resette forming and 1.82 per cent each of mat and arching nature while as 1.21 per cent with climbing and 0.67 per cent with creeping habit.
Phenological spectrum of the flora revealed maximum availability of flowers (61%) during spring followed by 19 per cent each during summer and winter whereas only 1 per cent during offseason (autumn). Among the various flower colours found maximum number (33) had yellow flowers followed by white, pink, purple, orange, blue, red, violet, offwhite, lavender, lilac, mauve, brown and magenta. A large number of species had mid green coloured foliage followed by dark green and greyish green. 4 species emitted fragrance owing to scented flowers.
Based on the morphological, phenological and landscape features worked out during the present study, 120 species are recommended for borders, 81 for beds, 79 for rock garden, 51 for woodlands, 10 for pools, 6 for specimen plant, 7 for pots, 4 for pathways, 4 for backdrops, 2 for companion plants, 31 for ground covers, 13 for sunny areas and 7 for lightly shaded areas
Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies in Sprouting Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var.
No full textThe present investigation broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck) was undertaken to obtain information on mean performance, association of yield and other characters contributing to yield, coefficient of variability, heritability, heterosis, combining ability (general and specific) together with nature and magnitude of gene action through diallel mating design. The set of 45 crosses along with their ten parents were evaluated at Experimental Block of Division of Olericulture, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, during Rabi 2008 and 2009 in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The data was recorded on plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), days to central head initiation, days to central head harvest, central head diameter (cm), central head length (cm), number of lateral heads, peduncle length (cm), leaf number, leaf area (cm2), main head yield (g), lateral head yield (g), total head yield (g), total carotenoids (mg/100g), ascorbic acid (mg/100g), dry matter content (%). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the parents and their crosses for all the characters in the individual as well as in pooled over environment. Mean values of parents and crosses indicated parents Palam Kanchan, Palam Samridhi and Green Head and crosses BI-7042-24 x SH-BR-4, Calaberese Amule x SH-BR-4 and SH-BR-1 x SH-BR-4 to be superior for most of the traits. Coefficient of variability (GCV and PCV) and heritability in broad scense was moderate to high for lateral head yield, total head yield, lateral head number, main head yield and total carotenoides. While for rest of the characters it was low. The expected genetic advance ranged from 0.84 to 30.68 percent. A positive significant correlation existed between main head yield, head diameter, lateral head yield, lateral head number and plant spread with total head yield while it was negative for ascorbic acid, total carotenoides and maturity traits. The variance due to gca and sca were significant for most of the traits studied indicating significance of both additive and non-additive gene effects in the inheritance of the traits. The estimates of dominance variance were higher in magnitude than their corresponding additive genetic variances both in the individual as well as in data pooled over environments for all the characters, indicating preponderance of non-additive gene action except for days to central head harvest. Estimates of average degree of dominance also revealed preponderance of over dominance for all the traits. The estimates of gca effects revealed that among ten parents the genotypes namely Palam Kanchan, Palam Samridhi and Green Head are found as best general combiners with high gca effects and per se performance for yield and most of the yield attributing traits and SH-BR-1 for quality attributes. Among cross combinations, the crosses like BI-7042-24 x SH-BR-4, Calaberese Amule x SH-BR-4, SH-BR-1 X SH-BR-4, were found most heterotic with highly significant sca effects and per se performance and could be exploited for commercial cultivation
Educational Philosophy of Ibn khaldun and its relevance to contemporary system of Education in India
No full textIbn khaldun’s is the most prolific figure in the field of anthropology, politics, law, economics, philosophy, history, sociology, geography, education and pedagogy. In the field of philosophy of history and sociology he is second to none; he is one of those luminaries who contributed so richly to the understanding of civilization and education that impact of his contribution is relevant even in contemporary times. He came from a family of scholars and political background. He would succeed in the domain of scholarship so much than in any other domain. He has to his credit many varied educational philosophical research works in the form of great books. His name is Abdurrahman bin Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Mohammad bin al Hassan bin Jabir bin Mohammad bin Abraham bin Abdurrahman bin Ibn khaldun. His ancestry according to him originated from Hadramut, Yemen. He also traced his ancestors through another genealogy as supplied by Hazzim, using his grandfather who was first to enter Andulluasa back to wail Ibn hajar one of the oldest Yemenite tribe. In either case, the genealogy points to his Arab origin although scholars’ do question the authenticity of both reports due to the political climate at the time of these reports.
Ibn khaldun was born in Tunis on Ramadan first 732 Hijri (May 27, 1332 C.E) and died in Cairo (1406 C.E), he learned first at the hands of his father who was a scholarly person who was not involved in politics like his ancestors, he memorized the holy Quran by heart, learned grammar, jurisprudence, hadith, rhetoric, philosophy and poetry. He continued his studies until the age of 19, when the great plague would sweep over the lands from Samarqand to Mauritania. It was after this plague that Ibn khaldun would receive his public assignment and started his political career which changed his life in 1352 (713 A.H). Abu Zaid, the Emir of Constantine marched his forces on Tunis. Ibn khaldun escaped from Tunis and settled in Fez (Capital of Morocco). Here Ibn khaldun was imprisoned than later released. He escaped from Morocco to Spain where Ibn khaldun got the position of the secretary, the repository of his confidence( Amin –As-Sir) here Ibn khaldun started again scholarly works in 1364 C.E. (766) A.H Ibn khaldun left Granada from Bougie North Africa. At the age of 32, Ibn khaldun arrived Bougie, then he retired to a far out post south of Constantine, Fort Salam where he enjoyed peaceful existence and would begin to write down his famous Muqqaddimah and first version of his universal history at the age of 45 years . But political forces at work everywhere against him, at last he left North Africa forever and went to Egypt. Here he would enjoy the favors of the sultan. He would be appointed as millad judge on the sultan’s whim and anger. He would fare well try to fight corruption and favoritism, but soon he would be relieved of his duty. Meanwhile he met misfortune when the ship carrying his family and belonging would sink in a storm. It was then he took permission to go to the pilgrimage to the holy lands. He returned back and was appointed to a teaching position in the newly built school ‘Bein-Al–Qassrein’, he gave lectures on Hadith particularly Imam Malik’s Muwatta. He got appointed to Beibrs Sufi institute with good salary. Ibn khaldun during the time of disturbance in Egypt devoted his time to lecturing and studying as well as completing his universal history. After Yulbugas revolt in Egypt he wrote about Asabiyah and its role in the rise and fall of states. He wrote his introduction to his book of universal history in a Span of five months. This impressive document is a gist of his wisdom and hard earned experience. He also wrote “Lubabul Muhasal” and “Allaq Li-I-Sultan” on theology and logics. He died on 1406 C.E. (806) A.
