Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Study Of Ecology And Population Dynamics Of Botia birdi
No full textThe study of fish and fisheries had a long and distinguished
history in India (Hora, 1951) but relatively little attention has been
paid to fish conservation here. Large numbers of fresh water fishes are
threatened due to fragile nature of fresh water habitats and the
pressure, which they are under in all parts of the world from human
activities (Le cren, 1964; Maithland, 1993; Primack, 1998). In India
there are estimated 670 species of fresh water fishes and 227 of these
are threatened (Anon, 1997). The high percentage (35%) of endemic
species being threatened is perhaps due to their localized distribution
with other man induced threats (Primack 1998). Threats to Indian fresh
water fishes include habitat destruction, fragmentation, poisoning,
pollution, pesticides, destructive fishing, etc. Habitat changes in
Himalayan waters have been reviewed (Shrestha, 1990) and have had
a major impact on the distribution and abundance of native fishes in
mountain streams
Perpetuation and Management of Alternaria solani (Ellis and Martin) Jones and Grout Causing Early Blight of Potato in Kashmir
No full textThe present study on perpetuation and management of Alternaria solani, causing early blight of potato in Kashmir was conducted during 2008 to 2009. An extensive survey conducted in four districts of Kashmir Valley viz., Budgam, Baramulla, Srinagar and Shopian revealed prevalence of early blight of potato in all the localities surveyed. Mean disease incidence and intensity of 24.54 and 13.84 per cent were recorded in the year 2008 and that of 28.23 and 15.98 per cent during the year 2009, respectively. The disease was characterised by small irregular to circular dark brown spots on the lower leaves measuring approximately 0.5 mm in size. The spots on coalescing formed irregular patches, which later on resulted in complete blighting of leaves. The causal fungus was isolated and identified as Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Jones and Grout. The maximum apparent infection rate of 0.155 and 0.165 unit/day was recorded during the second fortnight of June in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Weather factors viz., temperature, relative humidity and rainfall were positively correlated with disease intensity (66.50 per cent contribution). The pathogen perpetuated as mycelium and conidia throughout winter on diseased leaves left on the ground surface and on diseased potatoes kept in ambient store. The number of spores cm-2 leaf area and the viability of spores decreased with increase in depth of placement in soil. Maximum spores production on overwintered leaves and potatoes were observed during first fortnight of June. Disease tolerance of varying degree was observed under natural conditions in the available potato germplasm. Cultivar SM/92-338 proved tolerant to A. solani while as, cultivars Kufri himami, SM/96-127 and SM/94-44 showed moderate tolerance to the disease compared to rest of the 21 test cultivars. Evaluation of bioagents revealed that all the test bioagents were significantly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. solani under dual culture method. Trichoderma harzianm exhibited maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 71.85 per cent followed by T. viride (65.93%) and Trichoderma virens (58.65%). Evaluation of plant extracts revealed that all the test extracts were significantly superior in inhibiting the mycelial growth of A. solani at various test concentrations. Datura stramonium exhibited maximum mycelial growth inhibition of 61.12 per cent followed by Artimesia absinthium (58.54%), Juglans regia (38.31%), Mentha spicata (38.02%) and Uretica dioica (37.34%). Systemic fungitoxicants and non-systemics were tested in vitro for mycelial growth inhibition at (100-350 ppm and 1000-3500 ppm, respectively). Among the systemic fungitoxicants hexaconazole (0.03 %) followed by fenconazole (0.03%) proved significantly superior at all tested concentration, whileas mancozeb (0.2%) followed by propineb (0.2%) proved significantly superior in inhibiting mycelial growth the individual and combined effect of most effective in vitro fungitoxicant, bioagent and botanicals was also evaluated for the management of potato early blight in field. Among various treatment combinations seed treatment with mencozeb (0.2%) + foliar spray with hexaconazole (0.03%) + foliar spray with datura (50%) + foliar spray with T. harzianum (1 x 107 spores ml-1) proved significantly superior
Comparative evaluation of procoagulant and proinflammatory markers in drug naive versus oral contraceptive pill’s (OCP’s) treated Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) women.
Get PDFPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of young women. There is a spectacular increase in the prevalence of PCOS all over world especially in Asia. The condition seems to be on rise in Kashmir valley although systemic studies on the subject are underway. First line of treatment is often the oral contraceptive pills (OCP’s) as most of these women attend to various gynaecologists and they desire menstrual regulation. Since there is plethora of data that PCOS women have evidence of enhanced markers of inflammation and indicators of coagulation. Therefore treatment with OCP’s may worsen the metabolic, inflammatory and coagulation parameters in this population. We undertook this study to investigate the effect of OCP treatment procoagulant and proinflammatory markers in women with PCOS. The results may therefore translate in to the clinical practice
Isolation of Principal Constitiuents of Some Proven Folklore Medicinal Plants and Their Modification Using Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis
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Archaeology as a Source of Shared History: A Case Study of Ancient Kashmir
Get PDFArchaeology does not only constitute the sole source of the 99% of the total time of man on this planet and an important supplementary source of the period that followed invention of writing, but, more than that, it helps us to write a unitary history of mankind by throwing light on the origin, growth, diffusion and transmission of humans and their culture. Deeply pained by the disastrous consequences of perverted nationalism, which resulted into two heinous world wars, A. J. Toynbee embarked on the ambitious project of demolishing the Euro-centric view of history, employed by the colonial historians as an instrument to justify imperialism. And in this great human cause he was supported by archaeology. A meaningful universal view of history was possible only by bringing to focus the contributions made by different western and non-western cultures to the human civilization. Archaeology poured out profusely in favour of plural sources of human civilization which emboldened Toynbee to sail against the tide—a fact which he acknowledges radiantly
Delineation of Recharge Areas of Some Karst Springs Using Hydrogeochemistry and Stable Isotopes of Hydrogen and Oxygen
No full textHydrogeochemical and isotopic study of water samples collected from Bringi watershed SE Kashmir, India was carried out to delineate the recharge areas of karst springs. About 90 water samples of precipitation, snowmelt, streams and springs were collected on bimonthly basis for one complete year from March-08 to January-09 and analysed for major ions, δ18O and 3H following standard procedures. Both stream and spring discharge showed an inverse relation with precipitation. Spring and stream discharges were less during January and high during July. However, precipitation was high during January and low during November. Major ion analysis of precipitation, streams and springs revealed that Ca and HCO3 were the dominant ions, making up more than 50% of total ions which indicated carbonate lithology as the dominant source of ionic species. However, increased Na in some samples particularly Kongamnag indicated the impact of silicate weathering on water chemistry. The dominant order of cations and anions in water samples was Ca > Mg > Na > K and HCO3 > SO4 >Cl. In both streams and springs, EC, TDS, Ca, HCO3 were high during winter when the discharge was low and was low during summer when the discharge was high. However, Kokernag and Achabalnag also showed higher concentrations during July, resulted due to the piston effect. The springs showed a significant variability of total dissolved solids, with highest value of 180mg/L observed at Achabalnag followed by Kokernag (130mg/L) and Kongamnag (90mg/L). The high variability of TDS indicated rapid and strong reaction of Achabalnag to hydrological events followed by Kokernag and Kongamnag. The δ18O data generated indicated a strong spatial and temporal variation in oxygen isotope composition. An altitude effect of - 1.48 ‰ to - 0.13 ‰/100m change in elevation (mean altitude effect: -0.5‰/100m) was discernible in precipitation isotopic composition. The precipitation was δ18O depleted in cooler seasons/months and at higher elevations. The δ18O of precipitation showed a narrow range (0.7 to 1‰) during the periods/months of more precipitation and wide range (4.6 to 6.8‰) during the other months. Like precipitation, the isotopic composition of streams is also controlled by the elevations of their catchments. The stream water was δ18O depleted in the mountain areas with their catchments at higher altitudes than at lower elevations. The streams/tributaries were most δ18O depleted in May and least depleted in September. The δ18O composition of springs is similar to
that observed in the streams, being most δ18O depleted in May and least δ18O depleted in September. On the basis of local vertical isotopic gradient of δ18O, the mean altitude of the recharge was estimated. Widespread melting of snow, high discharges of streams and springs and δ18O depleted stream and spring waters indicate the dominant contribution of snow melt in May; negligible snow melting, precipitation in the form of snow only, less stream and spring discharges and less variance indicate the contribution from baseflow in January; while as exhausted snow, moderate stream and spring discharges, high precipitation and δ18O enriched stream and spring water during September indicate the contribution from rainfall. The best correlation was observed between the δ18O of springs and streams. The mean residence time of karst springs calculated from tritium analysis is very short (less than one year). The residence time is more for Kongamnag and short for Achabalnag. Chloride Mass Balance Equation used to estimate the precipitation contribution to groundwater recharge averaged at 18.5%, with higher contribution during summer and lower during winter. δ18O Mass Balance Equation used to estimate the surface water component to groundwater recharge averaged at 75% during summer and 18.6% during winter. The results were further verified in field through dye tests. Coloured dye was inserted at two sinks near Adigam and Gadol which discharged very fast at Achabalnag and Kokernag, after a lag time of 48 and 120 hours, confirming the hydrological connection between injection locations and the springs
Oriental manuscripts in India: a literature survey
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to review the literature about oriental manuscript collections
in India and provide an overview of the area.
Design/methodology/approach – A core set of literature on oriental manuscript collections in
India was retrieved after doing a thorough literature search in different databases. Literature on
various aspects of this topic was reviewed. The paper is organized based on various themes to make
the study fruitful for various sections of society.
Findings – Oriental manuscripts are present in different research libraries, university libraries and
public libraries in India but university libraries are leading others in preserving these manuscripts,
with few exceptions. Manuscripts are available in different oriental languages but mostly in Sanskrit.
Every religious sect in India has contributed immensely in collecting and preserving these
manuscripts. The contribution of famous kings of Indian history is also enormous in this regard.
Research limitations/implications – The review does not claim to be exhaustive, as most sources
might have been skipped during the study for their non-availability.
Originality/value – This paper provides a concise overview of manuscripts present in different
Indian libraries and research institution/universities and provides a valuable entry point to the field of
Indian manuscripts for research scholars, information scientists and other interested parties.
Keywords India, University libraries, Research libraries, Archives, Collections management, History,
Oriental manuscripts, Manuscripts, Oriental manuscripts-India, Oriental libraries, Oriental libraries-Indi
