Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Indo-US Nuclear Cooperation Agreement: Political, Security and Future Prospects
No full textThis is an account of the Indo-US Nuclear Cooperation Agreement between the India and the United States. The Indo-US nuclear agreement also known as 123 agreement, gives India access to the US civil nuclear technology in exchange for the opening of its non-military nuclear facilities to international inspection. It provides US assistance to India’s civil nuclear energy program, and expands Indo-US cooperation in nuclear energy, space-cum-satellite technology, agriculture and much more. Historically an Indo-US relation in general and in nuclear field particular, has not been an embodiment of accommodation and bilateral cooperation. With the fall of Berlin Wall and liberalization of Indian economy and particularly after 9/11, there has been unprecedented progress and development in Indo-US relations not only in nuclear field but in other fields as well. This dissertation dwells upon the whole process of the agreement since its beginning in July 18, 2005 and it embodies technical and very sensitive issues of security and energy to the Indian State and its future prospects and challenges in nuclear energy. Moreover, the dissertation also contemplates the issues like proliferation and the impact of the agreement on Nuclear Non-Proliferation treaty. The analysis of the Indo-US nuclear agreement in this dissertation hinges on several key questions. First, what makes United States to pursue this agreement with the India? Second, to what extent the agreement would benefit India? Third, to what extent the agreement would hit the future prospects of NPT? And fourth, to what extent the agreement would impact on regional cooperation in South Asia and India’s relations with Middle-East and China? Present study is divided into following fou
A Sociological Profile of Leper Community in Kashmir
No full textIn all the long procession of the ages and in all lands there is no more truly
tragic figure than that of the leper. Inspired both by traditional association and by
natural horror, men have shrunk from him as a creature cut off from all the interests of
healthy humanity. His cup is full to the brim with bitterness, and includes in it every
ingredient of sorrow. Disease both loathsome and lifelong; expulsion alike from home
and city: forfeiture of social and legal rights; all these, together with the consciousness
that he is an outcast and that life holds for him no hope, combine to make the lot of
the leper the very quintessence of misery and despair. Indeed, the very word has
become the synonym for all that is foul and repulsive
Studies on the Induction of Mutations in Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)
Get PDFTrigonella foenum-graecum commonly known as fenugreek, an annual
dicotyledonous herbaceous plant belongs to the family Leguminosae with
branched stems, trifoliate ovate-orbicular leaves, roots bearing nodules, white
flowers, paplionaceous corolla, stamens diadelphous [1+(9)], ovary superior,
ovules many, pods bearing golden yellow seeds. Seeds vary from rectangular to
round in outline with a deep groove between the radical and cotyledons. In
general, two types of flowering shoots are observed. The common ones bear
axillary flowers showing an indeterminate growth habit, whereas so called
“blind shoots” have axillary and terminal flowers, becoming “tip bearers” for
seed pods. Both cleistogamous (closed) and aneictogamous (open) flowers
have been described (Petropoulos, 1973) but the vast majority of fenugreek
flowers are closed or cleistogamous.The purpose of the study was to study the effect of different mutagenic treatments on various
biological parameters.To investigate the chromosome behaviour of treated populations with
respect to controls.To investigate the chromosome behaviour of treated populations with
respect to controls and To isolate promising mutants based on changes in phenotypic traits
Economic Thought of Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr: A Study of Iqtisaduna (Our Economics)
Get PDFIslam is a complete way of life. It aims at constructing the entire fabric of human life and culture on the firm foundation of ethical values and principles revealed by Almighty Allah for man‟s guidance. In the field of economics, it provides necessary guidelines, values and rules that aim at achieving the twin objectives of social justice and sustained increase in economic productivity. Islamic economic system is based on Quran and the Sunnah. Its central concern is overall prosperity of man, the wholesome and balanced growth of his personality. It prompts that Judicious and efficient management of resources is possible only when an Individual‟s total behaviour is designed within a proper ethical and moral framework. It further guides that a just society can be built only when the material and spiritual aspects of human activities are welded together
Dynamics of Periphytic Algae In Some Crenic Habitats Of District Anantnag, Kashmir
Get PDFThe study pertains to the diversity patterns of periphytic algal assemblages of seven springs
subjected to
different anthropogenic stresses. The periphytic algal community during September 2010 to August
2011 revealed a total of twenty three species belonging to three algal classes: Chlorophyceae (6),
Bacillariophyceae (12) and Cyanophyceae (5). The most dominant species in the algal community were
Rhizoclonium sp., Diatomella balfuriana, Navicula sp., and Oscillatoria limosa. During the present
study maximum number of species was obtained at Dubnagin (23), followed by Naranag (19), Parinag
(17), Himalinag (15), Malakhnag (10), Batnagin (10) and decreasing to the minimum of 9 species at
Kirkadalnag. Among the various periphytic classes, Bacillariophyceae dominated qualitatively both
in
diversity and density at each spring being followed by Chlorophyceae and Cyanophyceae
Classification and Comparative Study of Routing Techniques in Adhoc Wireless Networks
Get PDFWireless systems have been in use since 1980s. We have seen their evolutions to first, second and third generation's wireless systems. Wireless systems operate with the aid of a centralized supporting structure such as an access point. These access points assist the wireless users to keep connected with the wireless system, when they roam from one place to the other.
The presence of a fixed supporting structure limits the adaptability of wireless systems. In other words, the technology cannot work effectively in places where there is no fixed infrastructure. Future generation wireless systems will require easy and quick deployment of wireless networks. This quick network deployment is not possible with the Infrastructured wireless systems.
Recent advancements such as Bluetooth introduced a new type of wireless systems known as ad-hoc networks. Ad-hoc networks or "short live" networks operate in the absence of fixed infrastructure. They offer quick and easy network deployment in situations where it is not possible otherwise. Ad-hoc is a Latin word, which means "for this or for this only." Mobile ad-hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links; each node operates as an end system and a router for all other nodes in the network.
Nodes in ad-hoc network are free to move and organize themselves in an arbitrary fashion. Each user is free to roam about while communication with others. The path between each pair of the users may have multiple links and the radio between them can be heterogeneous. This allows an association of various links to be a part of the same network.
A mobile ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes forming an ad-hoc network without the assistance of any centralized structures. These networks introduced a new art of network establishment and can be well suited for an environment where either the infrastructure is lost or where deploy an infrastructure is not very cost effective. The popular IEEE 802.11 "WI-FI" protocol is capable of providing ad-hoc network facilities at low level, when no access point is available. However in this case, the nodes are limited to send and receive information but do not route anything across the network. Ad-hoc networks can operate in a standalone fashion or could possibly be connected to a larger network such as the Internet.
An ad-hoc network has certain characteristics, which imposes new demands on the routing protocol. The most important characteristic is the dynamic topology, which is a consequence of node mobility. Nodes can change position quite frequently; the nodes in an ad-hoc network can consist of laptops and personal digital assistants and are often very limited in resources such as CPU power, storage capacity, battery power and bandwidth. This means that the routing protocol should try to minimize control traffic, such as periodic update messages. The Internet Engineering Task Force currently has a working group named Mobile Ad-hoc Networks that is working on routing specifications for ad-hoc networks. This M.Phill thesis evaluates some of the protocols put forth by the working group. This evaluation is done by means of simulation using Network simulator 2 from Berkeley.
This work aims at classification of the existing routing protocols of adhoc wireless networks using some definite parameters. After classification of routing protocols of adhoc wireless network, their comparative study was undertaken in order to yield category wise distribution. Furthermore performance evaluation of these protocols was carried out by employing different parameters like fading models, mobility models, traffic patterns etc using the network simulator NS-2
Hence I explore and evaluate different methods for validation of ad hoc routing protocols which are used to set up forwarding paths in spontaneous networks of mobile/Adhoc devices to accomplish the above mentioned comparative study and classification
Spatial Analysis of Urban Amenities in Srinagar City
Get PDFHuman life and development is based on the extent to which man can satisfy
the basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter and water. In order to fulfill these and
other needs, man requires access to certain facilities such as market, housing, water
supply, electricity and adequate transportation. Though these facilities and
infrastructures form an important and integral part of life of any community either
urban or rural, but these are unevenly distributed over space. The word ‘civic’ relates
to the life of city or town area and amenities are features of city or town area that
make the place pleasant, comfortable and easy to live in. Thus, civic amenities are
features of a city or town area that make the area pleasant, comfortable and easy to
live for human beings. Urban amenities comprise the goods, infrastructure and
services that are collectively needed for the urban society. These are central to the
urban society without which urban society cannot emerge and sustain. These can also
be called as urban public goods which are either provided by the state government or
by the municipalities or both. The peculiarity of these amenities derives from the fact
that though these are needed by the urbanities but there is very little scope for their
provision by the private individuals unlike any other commodity or service available
to the customers against price. The reason for absence of market for these amenities
include:(a) bulkiness of investment in terms of magnitude, (b) long gestation period
for which the investors or investing agency has to wait to realize the returns, (c) noncompliance
in payment by individuals users due to possibility of evasion, as well as
(d) the impossibility of exclusion of non-players without the government intervention.
The last two properties give rise to what is called as free rider problem
Fuzzy Entropy Measures and Its Applications
No full textUncertainty and fuzziness are the basic nature of human thinking
and of many real world objectives. Fuzziness is found in our
decision, in our language and in the way we process information. The
main use of information is to remove uncertainty and fuzziness. In fact,
we measure information supplied by the amount of probabilistic
uncertainty removed in an experiment and the measure of uncertainty
removed is also called as a measure of information while measure of
fuzziness is the measure of vagueness and ambiguity of uncertainties