Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
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Microwave Assisted Fries and Claisen Rearrangements
Get PDFA convenient synthesis of various aromatic hydroxyketones via Fries rearrangement
is described by condensing a series of aromatic esters with acidic Al2O3-ZnCl2
mixture under microwave conditions. A comparative account of the synthesis of
aromatic esters under conventional and microwave conditions is also given. Reactions
have been carried out under solvent free conditions with considerable reduction in
reaction time and improvement in yield in comparison to classical methods. The
adopted procedure provides an energy and time saving protocol
Development of Quality Profile of Salix caprea and its Aromatic water
Get PDFMedicinal plants have always been part of man’s life on earth and there is a close relationship between plants and human beings. Man depends on plants for his existence and this relationship must be sustainable. Herbs have saved man’s life on innumerable occasions and for this reason their over-use concerns everyone1.
Plants with medicinal properties “The gift of mother nature of mankind” are in use for centuries in the traditional system of medicine. Nearly 80% of the world population use traditional medicine, mainly medicinal plants, to cure illnesses and ailments2
Framework for Human Computer Interaction for Learning Dialogue Strategies using Controlled Natural Language in Information Systems
Get PDFSpoken Language systems are going to have a tremendous impact in all
the real world applications, be it healthcare enquiry, public transportation
system or airline booking system maintaining the language ethnicity for
interaction among users across the globe. These system have the capability
of interacting with the user in di erent languages that the system
supports. Normally when a person interacts with another person there are
many non-verbal clues which guide the dialogue and all the utterances have
a contextual relationship, which manage the dialogue as its mixed by the
two speakers. Human Computer Interaction has a wide impact on the design
of the applications and has become one of the emerging interest area of
the researchers. All of us are witness to an explosive electronic revolution
where lots of gadgets and gizmo's have surrounded us, advanced not only
in power, design, applications but the ease of access or what we call user
friendly interfaces are designed that we can easily use and control all the
functionality of the devices. Since speech is one of the most intuitive form
of interaction that humans use. It provides potential bene ts such as handfree
access to machines, ergonomics and greater e ciency of interaction.
Yet, speech-based interfaces design has been an expert job for a long time.
Lot of research has been done in building real spoken Dialogue Systems
which can interact with humans using voice interactions and help in performing
various tasks as are done by humans. Last two decades have seen
utmost advanced research in the automatic speech recognition, dialogue
management, text to speech synthesis and Natural Language Processing
for various applications which have shown positive results. This dissertation
proposes to apply machine learning (ML) techniques to the problem
of optimizing the dialogue management strategy selection in the Spoken
Dialogue system prototype design. Although automatic speech recognition
and system initiated dialogues where the system expects an answer in the
form of `yes' or `no' have already been applied to Spoken Dialogue Systems(
SDS), no real attempt to use those techniques in order to design a
new system from scratch has been made. In this dissertation, we propose
some novel ideas in order to achieve the goal of easing the design of Spoken
Dialogue Systems and allow novices to have access to voice technologies.
A framework for simulating and evaluating dialogues and learning optimal
dialogue strategies in a controlled Natural Language is proposed. The simulation
process is based on a probabilistic description of a dialogue and
on the stochastic modelling of both arti cial NLP modules composing a
SDS and the user. This probabilistic model is based on a set of parameters
that can be tuned from the prior knowledge from the discourse or learned
from data. The evaluation is part of the simulation process and is based
on objective measures provided by each module. Finally, the simulation
environment is connected to a learning agent using the supplied evaluation
metrics as an objective function in order to generate an optimal behaviour
for the SDS
Morphogenetic Potential of Artemisia amygdalina and assessment of variability in regenerants with reference to its medicinal properties and secondary metabolites
Get PDFRole of System Simulation in Analyzing Software Reliability
No full textIncreasing global competition and high development costs have intensified the pressure to quantify software quality and to measure and control the level of quality delivered. As our global society becomes more dependent on information in the production of goods and services, the pressure for higher quality, lower cost, and faster delivery for software products is increasing. Software reliability is the most important and most measurable aspect of software quality and it is highly customer oriented. According to ANSI, it is defined as the probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment. It is also the measure of how well the program functions to meet its operational requirements.
Numerous software reliability growth models (SRGMs) have been developed during the last three decades providing useful information about how to improve reliability (Musa et al.(1987), Xie(1991), Lyu(1996)).These software reliability models attempt to assess expected reliability or future operability using observed failure data and statistical inference techniques. They are restricted in their life cycle scope and adaptability to general use for a number of reasons. Simulation methods are generally employed in reliability studies when deterministic methods are incapable of modelling strong dependencies between failures. Simulation is the process of constructing a model of a system which contains a problem and conducting experiments with the model on a computer for a specific purpose of experimentation to solve the problem.
Reliability modelling ultimately requires good data. But software projects do not always collect data sets that are comprehensive, complete, or consistent enough for effective modelling research or model application which normally is not made available. Further, data required for software reliability modelling in general seem to be even more difficult to collect than other software engineering data. Since good data sets are so scarce, one purpose of simulation is to supply carefully controlled, homogeneous data or software artifacts having known characteristics for use in evaluating the various assumptions upon which existing reliability models have been built. Since actual software artifacts(such as faults in computer programs) and processes(such as failure and fault removal) often violate the assumptions of analytic software reliability models, simulation can perhaps provide a better understanding of such assumptions and may even lead to a better explanation of why some analytic models work well in spite of such violations.
The aim of the work is to explore the goals and limitations of using simulation in analysing software reliability. Efforts are made to review the work that has been previously done in all the dimensions of the concerned research area. Furthermore emphasis is given to understand the simulation as a tool in software reliability assessment and to make a comparative study of analyzing software reliability with simulation and without simulation
Existentialism in Girish Karnad’s Plays: A Study of Yayati, Hayavadana and Tughlaq
No full textGirish Karnad is a playwright, an actor, a script writer, a director and a scholar. Born on 19 May, 1938 at Matheran, a town near Bombay his childhood was spent in a small village Siri in Karnataka where he had his schooling. Here at Siri village he had the first-hand experience of the native folk theatre that left a lasting impression on his mind. Karnad moved to Dharwad, Karnataka University to do his graduation and in 1958 moved from Dharwad to Bombay to pursue his post-graduation. In Bombay he had an experience that proved to be a turning point in his life. For the first time he watched a modern theatre and got an altogether different experience from those he had watched earlier in his village. The play was Strindberge’s Miss Julie directed by Ebrahim Alkazi
Characteristics of Liquid and Solid Wastes Generated at Four Major Hospitals of Srinagar City, Kashmir
Get PDFPhysical composition analysis of the solid waste generated from the four major hospitals of
Srinagar city
(SKIMS, Lal Ded,SMHS and G.B Pant hospitals) revealed the predominant proportion comprising of
combustible waste (98.2%) than the non combustible waste (1.3%) Incineration could be probably the
appropriate and recommendable disposal method for the hospital waste generated in Srinagar city.
Analytical observations revealed that the liquid biomedical waste of only SKIMS conformed to the
prescribed norms
Co-Solubilization of Organic Compounds in Self- Assemblies of Surfactant Systems
Get PDFSurfactants are heterogeneous, long chain molecules,that at low concentration in
solution, have the property of adsorbing onto the surface / interface of a system in an
oriented fashion altering the surface / interfacial energy to a marked extent.The cmc values of all the surfactants were determined from the plot of surface tension
(γ) vs logarithm of surfactant concentration (log Ct) shown in Figure 3.1. Surface
tension measurements were made with a Kruss-9(Germany) tensiometer, equipped
with thermostatable vessel holder, by the platinum ring detachment method.
Surfactant concentration was varied by adding solution of known surfactant
concentration in small installments using a Hamilton microsyringe to 30 cm3
of water
in the sample vessel placed in the thermostatable vessel holder. Measurements were
made after thorough mixing and temperature equilibration. Temperature was
maintained at 25 0C (within ± 0.1 0C) by circulating water from a HAAKE GH
thermostat through the thermostatable vessel holder. The accuracy of the
measurements was within ± 0.1 dyne cm-1
.The readings were taken in triplicate to
ensure reproducibility