Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
Knowledge Repository Open NetworkNot a member yet
1128 research outputs found
Sort by
Assessment of Human Papilloma Virus infection in cervical epithelium of Kashmiri women
Get PDFHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is estimated to be the most common sexually transmitted infection. Because Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is one of the causal factors in cervical cancer, understanding the epidemiology of this infection is an important step towards developing strategies for prevention. The aim of the present study was to examine the HPV prevalence and distribution of high risk HPV 16 and HPV 18 in cervical smears in a sample of Kashmiri women attending a gynecological outpatient department at Lal Ded Hospital Srinagar and also to explore the determinants of the infection. A total of 210 women visiting the gynecology outpatient department with varied complaints were studied with mean age 37.7yrs. Most of the participating women had low level of education with 40.95% of women having ≤6 years of education, 37.6% of women having 6-12yrs of education and 21.42% of women having ≥12yrs of education. All the women were married. Around 62.85% were 18-25yrs of age at the time of marriage. Of the married women most (50.4%) had ≥4 number of full term pregnancies. About 48.09% of women had low monthly income. Oral contraceptive was the most common method of contraception (26.66%). It is noteworthy that almost half of the study participants did not use any contraceptive method (53.33%). DNA was extracted from all the samples and subjected to polymerase chain reaction, using consensus primers for HPV. The samples that were positive for HPV DNA were subsequently assessed for high-risk consensus primers, types 16 and 18. The overall HPV prevalence as observed in our study was 13.8% among our sample of Kashmiri females aged 19 to 57 years (n=210). HPV prevalence was 33.3% among females aged 19 to 27 years, 11.3% among women aged 28 to 37 years, 7.9% among women aged 39 to 47 years and 13.5% among women aged 48 to 57 years. The prevalence of HPV infection in Kashmiri women is similar as observed in other states of India. The age pattern of HPV prevalence of the study group showed a general decrease, there was statistically significant (P=0.038) differences in the age-specific rates of HPV DNA detection in the study women aged 18-57. A statistically higher prevalence of high-risk HPV was observed in low economic status (P=0.017) and rural groups (P=0.016). Statistically significant association was found between HPV prevalence with age (P=0.038), parity (P=0.037) and age at marriage (P=0.025).
This preliminary study could become a useful data for laying guidelines for mass screening of HPV, treatment and prophylaxis in the local population
Digital Library Framework for Heritage Preservation
Get PDFThe paper highlights the need for heritage preservation with the aim of proposing a Digital Heritage Library Framework whereby digitized heritage collection (pictures, audio, and video) will be archived digitally. The paper demonstrates the process flow in a heritage digital library creation. The findings of the study will help in realizing the enormously powerful vision of ‘anytime, anywhere’ access to the best and the latest of human thoughts and culture, so that no individual or a society is isolated from knowledge resources of their indigenous region. The workflow, if adopted and applied can bring back the heritage and culture of past on the digital canvas, in a sustainable digital platform, for the future generations to come.ELSEVIER;Taylor & Francis; Ministry of Defense Government of India;Ministry of Culture Government of India;Department of Science and Technology Ministry of Science and Technology
Investigation on Phosphorus Fractions and its use efficiency in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Integrated Phosphorus Management System
No full textA field experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura during the two consecutive kharif seasons of 2008-09 and 2009-10 for “Investigation on phosphorus fractions and its use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under integrated phosphorus management system”. The experiment was laid out with 18 treatment combinations viz. three levels of inorganic phosphatic fertilizer (0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1), three levels of organic manures (control, FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and PM @ 5 t ha-1) and two levels of biofertilizers (uninoculation and inoculation with PSB) in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed that grain and straw yield of rice increased significantly with increase in recommended dose of phosphatic fertilizer. Application of PM @ 5 t ha-1 showed significantly superior results over other organic treatments. Inoculation with PSB showed significantly superior results over no inoculation. Yield attributing characters viz. number of effective tillers, number of spikelets, panicle length and 1000-grain weight showed significant increase with increasing levels of phosphatic fertilizer.
The plant analysis showed significant increase in nutrient content (N, P, K and Zn) in grain and straw with application of recommended inorganic phosphatic fertilizer. Among organics, PM @ 5 t ha-1 showed superior results over FYM @ 15 t ha-1. Inoculation with PSB also showed significantly superior results for nutrient content (N, P, K and Zn) over control.
Application of recommended inorganic phosphatic fertilizer significantly increased the soil P-fractions (Fe-P, Al-P, Ca-P and total P), available N, P, K and Zn content at harvest. Application of FYM @ 15 t ha-1 and PM @ 5 t ha-1 significantly increased various P-fractions (Fe-P, Al-P, Ca-P and total P) and also available N, P, K and Zn in soil at harvest over control. Inoculation with PSB showed significant increase in available N, P, K and Zn and P-fractions (Fe-P, Al-P, Ca-P and total P) over control.
Organic manures enhanced the physico-chemical properties of the soil such as pH, EC, OC and CEC. Among organics PM @ 5 t ha-1 was found superior over FYM @ 15 t ha-1. Inoculation with PSB significantly improved soil physico-chemical properties over no inoculation
The Original and the Translated: A Comparative Study of English Translations of Mahjoor’s Poems by T.N.Kaul and Trilokinath Raina
Get PDFMahjoor is one of the most prominent pioneers of modern Kashmiri poetry. He remains a household name in the whole of Kashmir and is known as „The Poet of Kashmir‟. Born in a religiously respected Muslim family—known as Peerzada family—on August 11, 1887 at Mitrigaam, a picturesque district of the valley of Kashmir, he was named as Ghulam Ahmad Peerzada. The boy received his earlier education from his father Peer Abdullah Shah, a Persian and Arabic scholar and a village Maulvi (preacher) by profession. Later on, he was sent to a maktab (religious school) in the neighbouring township of Tral where his association with Abdul Ghani Aashaq, an able Kashmiri poet and scholar, kindled his imagination and produced in him a burning passion for writing poetry
Security Aspects & Performance Analysis of Mobile & IP Networks
No full textComputer and Mobile Networks are characterized by two attributes which impact end-user perception about the quality of the service received. These attributes are the performance and the level of security experienced by the end-user.
In this thesis an attempt has been made to characterize the security and performance aspects of computer and mobile networks, by dividing (based on the thrust areas) the thesis into 4 chapters, each covering important fundamentals, current & emerging issues as well as potential future research work related to each of the 4 thrust areas.
2. Security of IPv6-based Networks
2.1 IPv6 Overview
While the basic function of the Internet Protocol is to move information across net-works, IPv6 has more capabilities built into its foundation than IPv4. A key capabil¬ity is the significant increase in address space. For example, all devices could have a public IP address, so that they can be uniquely tracked . Today inventory manage¬ment of dispersed assets in a very large distributed organization such as the DRDO cannot be achieved with IPv4 mechanisms; during the inventory cycle some¬one has to manually verify the location of each desktop computer. With IPv6 one can use the network to verify that such equipment is there; even non-IT equipment in the field can also be tracked by having an IP address permanently assigned. IPv6 also has extensive automatic configuration (auto-configuration) mechanisms and reduces the IT burden by making configuration essentially plug-and-play (auto con¬figuration implies that a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server is not needed or does not have to be configured). Since IPv4 manual configuration is already a challenge in itself, one can understand that manually manipulating IPv6 addresses that are four times longer can be much more problematic. Corporations and government agencies will be able to achieve a number of improvements with IPv6. IPv6 can improve a firm's intranet, with benefits such as, but not limited to:
• Expanded addressing capabilities
• Serverless autoconfiguration (what some call plug-n-play) and reconfigu¬ration
• Streamlined header format and flow identification
• End-to-end security, with built-in, strong IP-layer encryption and authentica¬tion (embedded security support with mandatory IPsec implementation)
• In IPv6, creating a VPN is easier and more standard than in IPv4, because of the (Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP))
• Extension headers. The performance penalty is lower for the VPN implemented in IPv6 compared to those built in IPv4 [10]
• Enhanced support for multicast and QoS (more refined support for Flow Control and QoS for the near real-time delivery of data)
• More efficient and robust mobility mechanisms (enhanced support for Mobile IP and Mobile Computing Devices).
• Extensibility: improved support for feature options/extensions. IPv6 makes it easy for nodes to have multiple IPv6 addresses on the same network interface. This can create the opportunity for users to establish overlay or Communities of Interest (COI) networks on top of other physical IPv6 networks. Department, groups, or other users and resources can belong to one or more COIs, where each can have its own specific security policy [10]
• Merging two IPv4 networks with overlapping addresses (say, if two organiza-tions merge) is complex; it will be much easier to merge networks with IPv6
• IPv6 network architectures can easily adapt to an end-to-end security model where the end hosts have the responsibility of providing the security services necessary to protect any data traffic between them; this results in greater flexibility for creating policy-based trust domains that are based on varying parameters including node address and application [9]
Effect of calcium, boron and zinc on growth, flowering and bulb production of Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv. Apeldoorn
No full textThe study entitled “Effect of Ca, B and Zn on growth, flowering and bulb production of Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.) cv. Apeldoorn” was carried out in the field at the Research Farm, Division of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during 2008-2009 & 2009-2010.The experiment was laid out in factorial RBD with three levels of Calcium (0.00, 5.00 and 10.00 kg ha-1), three levels of Boron (0.00, 0.50 and 1.00 kg ha-1) and two levels of Zinc (0.00, 8.00 kg ha-1) in 18 different combinations with three replications. The study revealed that Ca at 10.00 kg ha-1 recording maximum bulb sprouting per cent (99.89), plant height (37.10 cm), wrapper leaf area (232.35 cm2), leaf Boron (27.52 ppm ), Ca (5.52 %) and Zn content (26.77 mg g-1) and minimized malformed leaves per cent (0.11) and maximum number of bulbs (57.27), weight of bulbs (783.41 g) and highest bulb production ratio of (1.43).
Moreover, minimum days to flower opening (7.02) and maximum vase life (7.85 day) was recorded in vase by 10.00 kg of Ca ha-1.
Boron at 1.00 kg ha-1 also had a significant influence on bulb sprouting per cent (99.09), plant height (36.03 cm), wrapper leaf area (205.27 cm2), leaf B (25.77ppm), Ca (5.13%) and Zn content (26.38 mg g-1) and minimized malformed leaves per cent (0.50), maximum number of bulbs (54.02), weight of bulbs (765.99 g) and bulb production ratio (1.35) were highest during both the years.
It was found that with 1.00 kg B ha-1 was superior in recording minimum days to flower opening (7.36) and maximum vase life of 7.77 days.
Zn at 8.00 kg ha-1 was found significant in increasing bulb sprouting per cent (98.60), plant height (35.47 cm), wrapper leaf area (189.09 cm2), leaf boron (25.21ppm), Calcium (5.00%) and Zinc content (26.28 mg g-1) and minimized malformed leaves per cent (0.59). Maximum number of bulbs (53.38), weight of bulbs (757.39 g) and bulb production ratio (1.33) during both the years.
Better results were obtained in respect of earliness in days to flower opening (7.42) and maximum vase life (7.65 day) by the application of Zn 8.00 kg ha-1.
Interaction effect of Ca and B at (10.00) & (1.00) kg ha-1 recorded maximum plant height (38.03 cm), wrapper leaf area (179.47 cm2), leaf B (28.19 ppm), leaf Ca (5.79%) and Zn content (26.92 mg g-1) and minimum malformed leaves per cent (0.00) and highest bulb production ratio (1.49). The same treatment recorded minimum days to flower opening (7.00) and maximum vase life of 7.96 day.
The interaction between Ca (10.00 kg ha-1) and Zn (8.00 kg ha-1 ) recorded maximum plant height (37.26 cm), wrapper leaf area (241.37 cm2), leaf B (27.74 ppm), leaf Ca (5.60 %) and Zn (26.80 mg g-1) and minimum mal formed leaves per cent (0.05). Highest bulb production ratio (1.49) and maximum vase life of 7.86 days were recorded under the same treatment combination. Boron (1.00 kg ha-1) and Zinc (8.00 kg ha-1) interaction also exhibit better results.
Combined effect of Ca, B and Zn on growth, flowering, bulb production and vase life of tulip during both the years was found superior in increasing plant height (38.18 cm), number of leaves per plant (4.84), wrapper leaf area (179.86 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (0.56 mg g-1), leaf boron content (28.30 ppm), leaf Ca content (5.85%) and leaf Zn content (26.96 mg g-1). The highest petal membrane stability (56.25%) and minimum number of days to appearance of floral bud (99.38), days to color break (7.13) and days to flower opening (5.00) was recorded significantly by treatment combination of Ca (10.00), B (1.00) and Zn (8.00) kg ha-1.
Maximum flower diameter (8.96 cm), scape length (25.88 cm) and scape thickness (6.84 mm) was found with C2 B2 Z1 treatment combination. While, minimum was with control. Maximum number of bulbs (61.66), weight of bulbs (790 g m-2) and bulb production ratio (1.54) during both the years was with the highest dose of Ca, B and Zn. Moreover, earliness in flowering (7.00 day), maximum fresh weight (13.88 %), maximum water uptake (18.39 g/scape) and minimum water loss (10.38 g/scape) and maximum vase life (8.00 day) were recorded with highest dose of Ca, B and Zn. Maximum net return Rs. 7569100 with a cost benefit ratio of 1.47 was obtained with Ca (10.00 kg ha-1), B (1.00 kg ha-1) and Zn (8.00 kg ha-1) treatment combination
Molecular Characterization of Bean Common Mosaic Virus Infecting Phaseolus vulgaris L. in Kashmir
No full textExtensive survey of commercial bean growing areas of Kashmir conducted during kharif 2009 and 2010 revealed only 13 out of 100 surveyed locations free from Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) disease. The disease incidence was found to range from 0.50 to 85.00 per cent, with the maximum incidence recorded in Srinagar district followed by that in district Anantnag and Bandipora. The samples of BCMV from infected bean plants showing characteristic mosaic, leaf distortion and stunting type of symptoms were categorized into 21 isolates based on the symptomatology and the representative commercial bean growing areas of the Valley. Confirmation of the association of BCMV with each isolate was made by mechanical transmission and DAC-ELISA tests. The test isolates in DAC-ELISA test reacted positively with only BCMV polyclonal antisera, confirming the association of BCMV, which was further established through RT-PCR amplification of coat protein gene using BCMV specific primers. The strain spectrum of BCMV, discerned by inoculation separately of 21 BCMV isolates on international differentials, revealed the existence of three pathogroups - PG I, PG II and PG VII- based on the reaction of isolates on host group 1 to 5 of differential varieties having recessive resistance genes. The pathogroups PG I and PG II were further divisible into four strain groups viz., Ia (i.e., NL-1), Ib (i.e., NL-1n) and IIa (i.e., NL-7), IIb (i.e., NL-7n) , based on the capability to induce veinal necrosis at high temperature (>300C) on differential cultivar ‘Jubila’ possessing dominant gene. The prevalence of pathogroup PG VII (i.e., strain NL4) in the cooler regions of Kashmir recorded during the present studies is the first report of its occurrence in India. In order to characterize viral isolates, molecular characterization of coat protein gene of NL-1, NL-4 and NL-7 strains of BCMV was made using standard methods of molecular biology. RT-PCR of the test strains using specific primer pair amplified a product of ~860 bp. Purified PCR product (DNA) was ligated in PGEM-T easy vector system and transformed in E. coli strain DH5α. The cloned product revealed 860 bp sequences, which were submitted to NCBI gene bank Nucleotide Database under accession number JN692256, JN692258 and JN692257, respectively. The pair-wise homology between the nucleotide sequence of NL-1 and NL-4 was 95 per cent, whereas the homology between NL-1 and NL-4 and between NL-4 and NL-7 was 93 per cent, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of NL-4 from Kashmir showed maximum homology of 96 per cent with BCMV strains EU492546 and AF328753 from India and Mexico, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of CP sequence of NL-1, NL-4 and NL-7 from Kashmir were most closely related to BCMV strains from H.P. (India), USA and other countries. In all the three strains, DAG motif was present at a/a position 13 of CP which is important for aphid transmission in potyviruses. BCMV specific conserved motif MVWCIDN was also present in all the three strains. Further, eighty-five accessions were evaluated under controlled glass-house conditions against all the three pathogroups (I, II and VI) of BCMV prevalent in Kashmir to find out the sources of resistance against BCMV. Only 17 genotypes were found resistant to the test virus strains. Some of the resistant accessions/cultivars include R-40, R-155, R-3, B-6, Pencil white, SKAU-B-02, SKAU-B-01, Pointed lady, TO, P1207262, TU, KRC-5, R-14, Jubila, Contender and Monroe