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QoS Comparisons for MPLS and MPLS/DiffServ networks
No full textIn the recent years, the Internet architecture has evolved, incorporating new technologies and adapting to the changing needs of its use. The introduction of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) as a part of the Internet forwarding architecture has immediate applications in traffic engineering (TE) and Quality of Service (QoS).
It would be interesting to compare QoS performance of MPLS networks and MPLS/DiffServ networks, given their particular constraints. In this thesis, we evaluated the QoS performance measures such as delay variation, delay, page response time, throughput, utilization, and packet drop for different types of traffics (data, voice, and video) for both MPLS and MPLS/DiffServ platforms.
The aim of this thesis is to compare the performance of MPLS and MPLS/DiffServ networks using the well known network simulator application “OPNET Modeler”. OPNET Modeler, v14.5, provides a platform to replicate a
real world network scenario using latest simulation techniques, where different QoS parameters can be measured to compare networks performance.
Our approach in this thesis is that, we have designed and built a National Carrier based core and edge network to simulate a real live scenario that spans the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Some of the results in the thesis are presented against simulation time and some against network load. The results of comparing and evaluating these two core networks (MPLS and MPLS/DiffServ) through well know QoS parameters show that complimenting MPLS by DiffServ give better results than MPLS alone. We have also examined different queuing polices of MPLS/DiffServ to have further understanding for this type of network and find the best polices. We test also the failover mechanism for MPLS/DiffServ, and see how the network recovers after fail through secondary LSP
Leadership Behaviour as Perceived by Nursing Clinical Teachers and Their Students at College of Nursing, King Saud University
No full textMastersKing Saud University is entering a period of change and challenge that will require strong
leadership to be navigated successfully. In such context, examination of leadership
assessment is essential for the development of institution. Specifically, for nursing
education, clinical teaching is an integral part with a significant role. Based on it,
examination of clinical teachers' leadership behaviour is a pivotal element to increase the
quality of clinical teaching. Leadership defines as a process of uses interpersonal skills to
influence others to accomplish specific goals. Transformational and transactional was one
of the most recent and popular nursing leadership theories developed by James McGregor
Burns (1978). This study aimed to assess the clinical teacher leadership behaviours as
perceived by themselves and by their students at College of Nursing. In addition,
relationship between the studied groups also addressed. Descriptive comparative design
was selected to be the framework for this study. The study conducted on 28 clinical
teachers represent all academic nursing education departments and 215 nursing students
from level 4th – level 8th of academic semesters from those meetings the inclusion criteria
and were available during data collection period. Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire
(MLQ) developed by Bass and Avolio (2005) was used to measure leadership behaviour in
term of “self” (clinical teacher) and “observer” (nursing student). The results of the study
revealed statistically significance difference between leadership behaviour perception of
clinical teacher and their students. Based on it, the researcher recommended regular
feedback for clinical teacher. In addition, training and development in leadership,
specifically, for the transformational leadership is essential in increasing quality of clinical
teaching in college
Nursing student’s Knowledge and application of pain assessment at King Saud University
No full textMastersBackground and aim: Pain has been defined as the fifth vital sign due to its
importance in nursing practice. Knowledge deficit and untoward attitude are major
contributing factors in the under assessment of pain. The aim of this study was to
examine the level of theoretical and applied knowledge as well as the attitude
regarding pain assessment among nursing students. Subjects and methods: The
study was carried out in Nursing College King Saud University, in the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia, at the beginning of the first semester 1430/1431H (2009/2010), using
an exploratory descriptive design. The study sample included 119 nursing students in
the baccalaureate nursing program at the 5th to the 8th levels. Data were collected
through a self-administered questionnaire assessing theoretical and applied knowledge
and attitude towards pain assessment. Results: The response rate was 91.6%. Students
were all females with age ranging between 19 and 27 years. Major deficiencies were
found in students' theoretical and applied knowledge, with only 7.3% of them having
total satisfactory knowledge, and 19.3% having positive attitude. Additional
educational activities dealing with pain have negative effects on students' knowledge.
Theoretical knowledge decreased with increasing educational levels, while attitude
increased. GPA had a negative effect on applied knowledge, but a positive effect on
attitude. Conclusion: It is concluded that nursing students in the Faculty of nursing at
KSU have a major deficiency in their knowledge regarding assessment of pain. The
deficiency is more marked in applied knowledge. Additionally, the majority of the
students have negative attitudes towards pain assessment. The results consistent with
other published research, and raise implications for nursing education, at the
undergraduate level within nursing practice, and highlight areas for further research.
Recommendations: Construct and implement several strategies to enhance student
understanding and application of relevant knowledge and practice by: a. Considering
that pain is a serious problem; b. Pressing information about pain throughout
curriculum; c. Developing an integrated approach to teach students about the
experiences of pain; d. Providing students with the opportunity to appreciate the
perspectives of patients; e. Taking successive pain courses and implement reflective learning intervention
Photoelastic Stress Analysis of Straight and Angled Implants with Two Different Inter-Implant Distances
No full textMastersStatement of the problem:
It had been reported that most of dental implants’ failure was graded as late failure, which occurred after placement of the prosthesis, and this is mainly due to
occlusal overload. There was a controversy in the literature regarding the effect of
angled implant on the stress transmitted to the surrounding structures, and up to now and to the author’s knowledge there was insufficient data regarding the effect of the inter-implant distance on the stress transmitted to the connected implants, in
different situations of straight and angled implants.
Purpose of the study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the stress transmitted to the surrounding structures through straight and angled implants with two different inter-implant distances, which have been connected by a framework, under static vertical compressive load.
Materials and Methods:
A total of sixty samples were divided into four groups; Group 1 (SS):
Straight Short (straight implant #1, straight implant #2, with14 mm inter-implant
distance), Group 2 (AS): Angled Short (straight implant #1, angled implant #2,
with14 mm inter-implant distance), Group 3 (SL): Straight Long (straight implant
#1, straight implant #2, with 23mm inter-implant distance), Group 4 (AL): Angled
Long (straight implant #1, angled implant #2, with 23 mm inter-implant distance),
all the samples were subjected to a standardized static vertical compressive load of 300 Newton at the middle of the framework connecting the two implants, exposed to the polarized light in the field of Circular polariscope (MT 3100 Polariscope,
Terco, Sweden), a standardized monochromatic and isochromatic pictures for each loaded sample were taken. The qualitative stress level were detected through the pictures, which were dividing the stress into three different levels (Low, Moderate, or High) based on the number of the fringes. In addition, the quantitative stress measurement were done utilizing the mathematical equations. The stresses were
measured in corresponding to the eight points located around the two implants in
each sample. (Point 1 (1-MC) = mesial cervical part, Point 2 (1-MA) =mesial
apical part, Point 3 (1-DA) = distal apical part, Point 4 (1-DC)= distal cervical part
“for implant # 1”, Point 5 (2-MC)= mesial cervical part, Point 6 (2-MA)= mesialapical part, Point 7 (2-DA)=distal apical part, and Point 8 (2-DC)= distal cervical
part “for implant # 2”).
The data was then statistically analyzed using the Three Way Analysis of
Variances (ANOVA) to compare the effect of all the studied variables (groups,
implant angulations, inter-implant distances, and certain points) on the stress
values. Then Post-hoc "Bonferroni" test was used to determine the significant
difference between the groups and within each group.
Results:
The results indicated that increasing the inter-implant distance (from 14 mm
to 23 mm) significantly increased the stress in the surrounding structures
(P<0.005). In Group 4 (AL), the straight implant #1, and the angled implant #2
presented significantly the highest apical and cervical stresses, respectively
compared to all other implants (P<0.005). The angled implant #2 in Group 2 (AS),
had significantly higher apical stress compared to the straight implant #1 in the
same group (P<0.005).
Conclusions:
Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions can be
drawn:
• The angulations of the implant associated with high stress.
• Increasing the inter-implant distance increased the stress transmitted to the implants surrounding structures.
Thus the implant angulations and the inter-implant distance are critical factors affecting the implant treatment and the treatment planning should incorporate methods to reduce stress and minimize its initial and long-term complications
انعكاسية الاختبارات واتصاليتها وأثرهما على البرامج التعليمية
No full textالانعكاسية والاختبارات الاتصالية من مجالات الاختبارات ذات التأثير المباشر على جودة العملية التعليمية، وهو ما جعل المختصين في مجال الاختبارات والقياس والتقييم يولونهما اهتماما بالغا في العقد الأخير، غير أن المكتبة العربية تفتقر لبيان أدوارها الحيوية، وأهمية توظيفهما لتطوير الممارسات التربوية نوعيا في الوطن العربي. ذلك كان الحافز على نشر هذه الدراسة بهدف جذب نظر المعنيين بالتعليم وراسمي السياسة التعليمية إلى دورهما في أصلاح منظومة المناهج. ومنهجية الدراسة الحالية نزعت للجوانب التطبيقية أكثر من الفلسفية مع سهولة الطرح، وتقديم النماذج والأمثل
Study on pharyngeal and uvular consonants in foreign accented Arabic for ASR
No full textThis paper investigates the unique pharyngeal and uvular consonants of Arabic from the point of view of automatic speech recognition (ASR). Comparisons of the recognition error rates for these phonemes are analyzed in five experiments that involve different combinations of native and non-native Arabic speakers. The most three confusing consonants for every investigated consonant are discussed. All experiments use the Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK) and the Language Data Consortium (LDC) WestPoint Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) database. Results confirm that these Arabic distinct consonants are a major source of difficulty for Arabic ASR. While the recognition rate for certain of these unique consonants such as /[Plancks over 2pi]/ can drop below 35% when uttered by non-native speakers, there is advantage to include non-native speakers in ASR. Besides, regional differences in pronunciation of MSA by native Arabic speakers require the attention of Arabic ASR research
Bangla phoneme recognition using hybrid features
No full textThis paper presents a Bangla phoneme recognition method for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). The method consists of three stages: i) a multilayer neural network (MLN), which converts acoustic features, mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), into phoneme probabilities, ii) the phoneme probabilities obtained from the first stage and corresponding Δ and ΔΔ are inserted into another MLN to improve the phoneme probabilities by reducing the context effect and (iii) the phoneme probabilities of current frame and corresponding MFCCs are fed into a hidden Markov model (HMM) based classifier to obtain more accurate phoneme strings. From the experiments on Bangla speech corpus prepared by us, it is observed that the proposed method provides higher phoneme recognition performance than the existing method. Moreover, it requires a fewer mixture components in the HMMs
Environment Recognition Using Selected MPEG-7 Audio Features and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients
No full textIn this paper, we propose a system for environment recognition using selected MPEG-7 audio low level descriptors together with conventional mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The MPEG-7 descriptors are first ranked based on Fisher’s discriminant ratio. Then principal component analysis is applied on top ranked 30 MPEG-7 descriptors to obtain 13 features. These 13 features are appended with MFCC features to complete the feature set of the proposed system. Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) are used as classifier. The system is evaluated using ten different environment sounds. The experimental results show a significant improvement in recognition performance of the proposed system over MFCC or full MPEG-7 descriptor based systems. For example, the best performance is achieved in Restaurant environment where MFCC, full MPEG-7, and the proposed method give 90%, 94%, and 96% accuracy, respectively
Environment Sound Recognition using Zero Crossing Features and MPEG-7
No full textIn this paper, we perform several experiments focusing on the problems of environment recognition from audio particularly for forensic application. We investigated the effect of temporal zero crossing feature and some selected MPEG-7 audio low level descriptors on environment sound recognition. The performance is evaluated against varying number of training sounds and samples per each training file. Experimental results show that higher recognition accuracy is achieved by increasing the number of training files and by decreasing the number of samples per training file
A structured-based differencing method for version control system for java codes
No full textIn this paper, a new proposed method for extracting the syntax differences between different Java code versions is designed and implemented to support CVSs based on optimistic approach. This proposed algorithm relies on converting the codes into XML through Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) algorithm followed by applying a modified difference algorithm using a separate chaining within a hash table to extract the syntax differences between code versions. This proposed algorithm is implemented as a web page interface to enable a quick client server interaction with the use of some existing tools based on Google Web Toolkit (GWT), Asynchronous JavaScript, and AJAX platform. Experimentation results showed that our proposed method is efficient with comparing to the traditional line differencing algorithms