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A Study on the evaluation and development of welfare policy for soldiers using AHP
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Policy, 2022The Republic of Korea is adopting a conscription system due to financial reasons, added with the reality of Korea being a divided country that must actively respond to North Korea's direct provocations and threats caused by their uncertain, volatile system. This implies that since the Korean military is operated on the premise of a conscription system based on national defense obligations, active-duty soldiers are forced to continuously adapt it environments rapidly changed by external forces. In the process, some experience maladjustment, or become either serious perpetrators or victims of toxic culture existing in barracks such as bullying, suicide, violence and unjust behavior. Accordingly, the Ministry of National Defense promoted several military welfare policies with the basic agenda to fundamentally resolve the repeating problems in the barracks.
However, despite the steady efforts of the Ministry of National Defense, the level of soldiers' feelings for improving treatment is low because the Korean military has led the policy from the supplier's point of view without trying to properly grasp the welfare needs of soldiers based on professional methods. Therefore, this study attempted to recognize welfare needs from the perspective of beneficiaries by examining what welfare policies are mainly preferred by active-duty soldiers using AHP research techniques.
As a result of the AHP survey, the most preferred policy for active-duty soldiers was to expand the usage of smartphones (0.377), followed by a policy (0.145) that supports soldiers with approximately 100,000 won for self-development activities. On the other hand, their least preferred policy was the policy to support haircuts expenditures for soldiers (0.007). This is because there was no opportunity to use private salons amid continuous restrictions on going out or vacation due to COVID-19. In other words, welfare programs that have no utility value for soldiers only wastes the budget, and this study emphasizes that for the efficient execution of a limited budget, the survey of beneficiaries' needs must precede the establishment of welfare plans.
Furthermore, this study proposes two alternatives for more efficient execution of the welfare budget. The first is to increase the autonomy of active-duty soldiers' welfare choices. By providing cashable welfare, not in kind, the system needs to be improved so that active- duty soldiers can each choose more necessary welfare. The second is to prepare various contents that can use a smartphone. Simply extending smartphone usage time should be avoided as it can be a risk to the military's original purpose of national defense. However, for example, contracts with companies that provide e-book rental services can provide welfare so that soldiers can experience various cultural lives with smartphones during off-work hours. Preparing various contents using smartphones can be an alternative to more efficiently utilizing the welfare budget in that it can provide non-exclusion and non-economical welfare benefits.1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Study Design Using AHP
4. Study Results & Implications
5. ConclusionOutstandingmasterpublishedYuji JAN
Small Area Estimation of Monetary Poverty in Mexico Using Satellite Imagery and Machine Learning
No full textAssessment on public external debt in Ethiopia
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2022At early stage of economic development process, external borrowing is a means of fulfilling the resource gaps for the developing world. Nowadays, Ethiopia’s external debt to GDP is rising and continuously forcing the country to become among world's Heavily Indebted Poor Countries. This is serious problem coupled with covid-19 , Internal conflict and political uncertainties. The aim of the study is to assess the determinants of External debt of Ethiopia both in the long-run and short-run. The study applied ARDL co-integration model and secondary data covers from 1990 to 2019. In this study STATA statistical software package version-16 deployed and the necessary diagnosis tests have been conducted.
The regression estimation result confirms that 88 per cent of the variation is explained within the model while 22 per cent is explained out of the model. The budget and trade deficit impart positive and statistically significant effect on external debt of Ethiopia. While debt service, inflation and openness have statistically significant and negative effects. However, economic growth has negatively and statistically insignificant effects. The result induces opening the economy to the rest of the world significant effect on reducing foreign debt burden. The policy implications are minimizing fiscal deficit by strengthening the tax system of the country; existing debt restructuring from business loan to concessional loan, which has lower interest rate, and properly managing inflation that contribute to the cost overrun of the country. All these efforts may reduce external debt in line with the capacity of the country in the future.Chapter One: Introduction
Chapter Two: Literature Review.
Chapter Three: Research Methodology
Chapter Four: Data Findings and Discussion
Chapter Five: Conclusion and RecommendationmasterpublishedTegene Hailu MENGST
Impacts of official development assistance (ODA) on basic living conditions in Madagascar
Full text linkThesis(Master) -- KDI School: Master of Public Management, 2022Madagascar is classed among the poorest country in the world, ranked 208th out of 213 countries in terms of GDP per capita. The country is classed in the low-income category with a GDP per capita of 495.49 US dollar in 2020. It is estimated that 75% of people in Madagascar live on less than $1.90 per day. The country is weak and fragile in responding to economic, social or political shocks; that is the reason why external assistance is principally needed. In this context, this study conducts in-depth analysis on this area, to present the effects of external assistance (ODA) on basic living conditions of the population in terms of income, education, health and infrastructures. The results indicate a positive relationship between Oda and Income, Education and Infrastructures; nonetheless, there is a negative relationship between Oda and Crude Death Rate, controlling for main changes years in the data.INTRODUCTION
PART I: LITERATURE REVIEW AND BACKGROUND
PART II: EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
LIMITATION AND CONCLUSIONmasterpublishedAndrianony NY AINA IANJATIN
Global Post-Crisis Banking Supervision: Supervisory Powers and Institutional Changes in the Banking Sector
Full text linkThis study utilizes new data across countries on bank supervision for the years 1999-2016 to examine the impact of supervisory powers and institutional changes in supervision. It examines key characteristics of the banking sector, such as banking sector fragility, bank stability, activity restrictions, capital regulation stringency, and banking supervision independence. We find that an increase in supervisory power, accompanied by a change in a central bank’s involvement in banking supervision, led to a decrease in banking sector fragility and an increase in the stability of banking sector. We also find that capital regulation stringency and the independence of banking supervisory authorities weakened in countries where an increase in supervisory power was accompanied by institutional changes in supervision following the global financial crisis. These results shed light on the importance of bank supervisory authorities and institutional changes in the soundness of the banking sectors
Structrual Change and Energy Intensity in Korea, 1970-2005
No full text이 논문은 KLEMS 데이터를 활용하여 1970년부터 2005년 사이 우리나라산업부문의 에너지 집약도 변화를 개관하고 그 변화 요인을 산업구조 변화와각 산업 내부의 에너지 효율성 개선으로 나누어 분석한다. 기존의 연구들에 비해 이 논문은 산업구조의 변화가 차지하는 중요성을 강조한다. 구조 변화가1985년 이전에는 에너지 집약도를 상승시키는 방향으로, 1990년대 이후에는에너지 집약도를 낮추는 방향으로 작용하였음을 보인다. 승법 또는 가법적 분해분석 기법 중 어느 것을 선택해도 이 결과는 동일하게 유지된다. 이 논문은기간 측면에서는 1980년대 이전, 산업 범위 측면에 있어서는 전 산업을 대상으로 분석함으로써 기존의 연구를 확장한다.2
EXPRESS: The Effects of Digital Textbooks on Students’ Academic Performance, Academic Interest, and Learning Skills
No full textThe advances in ICTs and the digitization of services offer new ways to reach, engage with, and provide services to consumers. Recent advances in technology have fueled the rapid growth of digitization in education, and the education industry has witnessed radical changes in the provision and delivery of its products and services. Digital textbooks, which are equipped with various learning resources including multimedia aids, assessment questions, and hyperlinks to external resources, can be an important channel for harnessing technologies in classrooms. Korea’s digital textbook experiment provides a unique empirical setting to examine the effects of digital textbooks on students’ academic outcomes. The authors employ a panel regression model with teacher fixed-effects, propensity score weighting method, and instrumental variable strategy to find that greater usage of digital textbooks in class improves students’ academic performance, academic interest, and learning skills. The authors explore the heterogeneity in the utilization effect across student levels to find greater improvements in academic performance for low-achieving students. The findings have important managerial and policy implications for major stakeholders in the education sector, including teachers, school administrators, students, and policymakers.1
Impact of Artificial Intelligence-based Adaptive Learning Program on Students’ Academic Performance: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial in a Daegu Middle School
No full text본 연구는 대구시에 위치한 중학교 1개교에 재학 중인 266명의 중학생을 대상으로 인공지능 기반 적응형 학습 프로그램을 제공하는 온라인학습기기가 학생들의 학업성취도에 미친 영향을 무작위통제실험 방식으로 분석하였다. 기초 및 기말 진단고사 성적 변화를 분석한 결과, 통계적으로 유의미한 온라인학습기기의 평균처치효과는 관찰되지 않았다. 하지만 분위회귀분석을 통해 하위 10% 학생들의 학업성과가 0.358 표준편차만큼 통계적으로 유의미하게 증가함을 확인하였다. 처치집단 학생들의 저조한 프로그램 출석률과 수행률을 고려할 때, 인공지능 기반 적응형 학습 프로그램의 수용성을 높이기 위한 다양한 방법을 탐색하는 연구가 선행될 필요가 있다.2
Estimating China’s Capital Flows-at-risk: The Case of Potential US Financial Sanctions
Full text linkThe arena of strategic competition between the US and China is expandable from international politics, trade and commerce to finance. What would happen if financial sanctions against China are imposed by the US? Would US financial sanctions lead to a sudden outflow of foreign capital and a liquidity crisis in China? We try to address these questions by estimating China’s capital flows-at-risk with the CDS premium on Chinese sovereign funds. We follow Gelos et al. (2019) in setting up a quantile regression model from which China’s foreign capital flow-at-risks are estimated. Based on our analysis of China’s monthly capital flow data, we find that a rise in the CDS premium has statistically significant negative impacts on China’s foreign capital flows-at-risk, mainly in banking flows. However, the analysis also found that due to favorable global conditions, an increase in the CDS premium is unlikely to trigger a shift to a sudden outflow of foreign capital at the moment. Meanwhile, this study found no statistically significant correlation between Korea’s capital flows-at-risk and the CDS premium, suggesting that the negative impact of US financial sanctions on China would not increase the probability of capital flight from Korea in a significant manner
inequality, poverty, and well-being
Full text linkThesis(Doctoral) -- KDI School: Ph.D in Development Policy, 2022This dissertation presents the empirical results of a series of studies on the development issues such as income inequality, poverty, and employee’s well-being. The objective of this study is to examine empirical evidence of how technological progress affect income inequality in advanced countries as well as poverty reduction in developing countries, and further to explore the effect of work hour reduction policy on employee well-being. This will enable us to expand our understanding on the effects of technological progress on socio-economic outcomes as well as the impact of labor market policy on worker’s satisfaction. This thesis consists of three chapters under the broad banner of three essays on development issues: inequality, poverty, and well-being.
The first essay, Innovation and Top Income Inequality: Evidence from OECD Countries, aims to explore the effect of innovation on top income inequality in OECD countries over the period of 1980-2017. Innovation is proxied by the number of patent application. Top income inequality is expressed by top 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 10% income shares. Sample countries are 34 high-income countries as most innovations occur in these countries. Using cross-country panel and 2SLS estimations to deal with the endogeneity, I found that innovation has positive and significant impact on top income shares in rich countries. These results are also robust using alternative innovation variables such as patent grant and patent citation data. Based on this finding, I propose three kinds of policy options to reduce rising top income inequality: prevent tax loopholes used by the richest and strengthen tax progressivity for the top riches, lastly enhance educational reforms to improve moral values and thus reduce corruptions.
The second essay, Financial Innovation, Financial Inclusion, and Poverty: Evidence from Developing Countries, explores the links between financial innovation and poverty in developing countries. For this, a panel was set up for 103 developing countries over the period of 2004-2018. To address endogeneity, OLS with fixed effects and instrument variable strategy are used. As external instruments, latitude of capital city and legal origins are used for European ex-colonies. The results show that financial innovation measured by Financial Inclusion Index shows negative and significant effects on poverty. This is robust when using alternative Financial Development Index created by IMF. Thus, financial innovation is a useful tool for poverty reduction in developing countries. This implies that financial innovation enhances financial inclusion through easier access to finance, which brings about growth and reduces poverty. This encourages developing countries to make efforts on boosting financial innovation to address poverty issue.
The third essay, The Effect of Work Hour Reduction on Employee Satisfaction: The Case of Working Hour Reduction Policy in Korea, investigates the effect of standard 40-hour workweek policy on workers’ subjective well-being in Korea. The essential part of the policy was to reduce legal work hour per week from 44 to 40 hours, aiming to improve workers’ quality of lives. The policy was implemented in time order by industry and firm size from 2004 through 2011. This policy setting provides us a good opportunity to explore the causal impact of the policy by using DID (difference-in-difference) analysis. I use Korea Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) data to estimate the effect of the policy on life and job satisfaction by applying DID estimation method. I found that the policy has significant effect on life satisfaction with leisure and family income while negative effects on job satisfaction overall. This result is also robust when the dependent variables are converted into binary variables.- Chapter 1: Innovation and Top Income Inequality: Evidence from OECD Countries, 1980-2017
- Chapter 2: Financial Innovation, Financial Inclusion, and Poverty: Evidence from 103 developing countries
- Chapter 3: The Effect of Work Hour Reduction Policy on Employee Satisfactions: The Case of Work Hour Reduction in KoreadoctoralpublishedSooyoung HWAN